Quiz 3
When was corn cultivated in the Upland Dessert?
1500 BC
Who are the Mimbras?
A subgroup of Mogollon. LIved in MImbres valley from AD 200-1150. From Early Pithouse Period to Classic MImbres Period.
Who are the ancestral puebloans and where did they live
Also known as the Anasazi, the Ancestral PUebloans lived in the four corners of the southwest, including Arizona, NM, CO, and Utah. Known for Cliff Dwellings in Mesa Verde and Pueblos in Chaco Canyon. Skilled farmers with sophisticated irrigation systems.
Name the styles of Pottery
Anasazi (Grey and Black, White) Mogollon (Brown) Mimbras (Black and White Hohokam (Brown or Buff, Red/Buff)
What materials were used to paint pots?
Carbon Source (plants) or Mineral Source (iron oxide)
Describe the Magazine Article "Chacoan Archeology at the 21st century"
Chaco Canyon flourished between the 9th and 12th centuries AD, identification of Chacoan great houses using LIDAR to map the Chacoan road map. Importance of using Native communities for preservation of sites and artifacts. Role of ritual and ideology in Chacoan society. Causes of Chacoan decline include: Encironmental factors leading to food shortages, political instability, economic changes. (Highly dependent on trade networks, decline of Teotihuacan may have disrupted Chacoan economy) Resource depletion
What are the 2 examples of period villages?
Chaco Canyon with 60 houses, 1 great kiva, burials and storage outside of home SU site in Mogollon Highlands with 40 Houses, 1 oversized. No great Kiva, Storage and Burial inside home.
Describe what happened in the Late Ceramic Period
Construction of Large, multi-story Pueblos, production of fine pottery, textiles, other goods. Importance of Social and Political organization, role of religion and ideology in puebloan society
Timeline of General Southwest?
Containers, Earliest Settlements 200 AD, Bow and Arrow 500 AD, Figurines 800 AD
Describe Grad Reading for the "Long and Spatially variable Neolithic Demographic"
Demographic changes from Archaic period to Neolithic period. Demographic transition was gradual and the process took several centuries. The Spread of Agriculture was not quick, but involved population movements, social interactions, environmental factors.
Who were the Mogollon?
Grouped with prehistoric southwest culture area, had distinct style. Pit houses, semi-subterranean structures. Unique pottery of Black-on-White or Red-on-Brown. Use of Coppor
What is La Playa known for?
Huge mounds and Pithouses. Was probably a large city.
Differences between the North and the South
North: More Mobile, greater seasonal difference, many small site, harsh winters South: More Sedentary, tethered to river valley, earliest architecture
Name significant periods of American Southwest
Paleo Indian Era (ca. 13,000-7000 BC) Earliest known human occupation in SW Archaic Period (7000 BC-2000 BC) Development of Atlanta, grinding stones Basketmaker Period (2000 BC-AD 500) Development of Agriculture, construction of pithouses and production of baskets and other woven goods. Pottery began to be used. People were primarily hunter and gatherers and lived in pithouses. Transitional Period (Agricultural Period) 1200 BC-AD 50 Ceramic period (500 AD-1450 AD) Pottery for food storage, cooking and serving, multi-story adobe homes, complex social and religious systems. Late Ceramic Period (1300-1600 AD) Social and cultural changed, abandonment of large Pueblos for more smaller dispersed communities. New cultural traditions, elaborate turquoise jewelry.
Pit houses vs. Pueblos
Pit houses are more thermally efficient, have shorter life span, are more dangerous for war, limited size of underground rooms. Pueblos are longer lasting, less labor intensive, above ground storage is preferable, and sharing walls makes them thermally efficient.
What caused the abandonment of Pueblos in the late Ceramic Period?
Prolonged drought, resource depletion, political instability, not simple but complex
Who were the Hohokam people and where did they live?
The HOhokam lived in the southern part of Arizona from AD 1 -1450. IMpressive canal systems, ballcourts, platform mounds, Distinctive pottery. Also known for planting corn, squash, bottle gourds, 5 species of Tobacco.
What were the Mimbras people known for?
Their distinctive style of pottery (black-on-white), featured intricate designs. Skilled Farmers and hunters who lived in small villages and used irrigation systems to cultivate crops int he arid southwest.
How are all of these connected?
There were trade networks between the Hohokam and Ancestral Puebloans for goods such as turquoise, shells, and pottery.
What is a pithouse? What are it's features?
Used from 400 BC to 1300 AD. Subterranean home with Post Holes, Fire Pit, Winged Walls, Benches, Entryway, Deflectors, Antechamber
