Quiz 3

The eye is to sensation as the brain is to A. feeling. B. perception. C. impression. D. hearing.

B. perception.

Rods are related to vision in _____ situations. A. color B. brightly lit C. sharply focused D. dimly lit

D. dimly lit

When light reaches the retina, it is in _____ form. A. electromagnetic B. chemical C. electrical D. infrared

A. electromagnetic

To read the fine print of this test, you are probably centering and focusing the text on the _____ of both your eyes. A. fovea B. ganglion cells C. lenses D. rods

A. fovea

Under ideal conditions, which of the following is a correct value of an absolute threshold as measured in a normal adult? A. The flame of a lit candle can be seen from 30 miles away on a dark night. B. A drop of perfume can be smelled over a 5-foot by 10-foot area. C. The sound of a loud stereo can be heard from 2 feet away. D. A watch can be heard ticking from 10 feet away.

A. The flame of a lit candle can be seen from 30 miles away on a dark night.

Gestalt psychology is a collection of laws that explain A. how people organize their perceptions of the world. B. the organization of the physiology of vision. C. how people organize behaviors that are learned through experience. D. the organization of sensory information in the field.

A. how people organize their perceptions of the world.

According to _____ theory, receptor cells for color are linked in pairs, and when one of the cells is activated the partner cells are inhibited. A. opponent-process B. trichromatic C. psychophysical D. semicircular

A. opponent-process

Which part of the eye controls the amount of light that enters the eye? A. pupil B. sclera C. iris D. lens

A. pupil

You are walking through campus and out of the corner of your eye you see a ball flying toward your head. Your ability to detect this object in your peripheral vision depends on the operation of A. rods. B. fovea. C. cones. D. corneas.

A. rods.

The cone is responsible for which type of sensation? A. movement B. color C. pain D. smell

B. color

The optic nerve is composed of the axons of A. rhodopsin cells. B. ganglion cells. C. Substance P. D. Substance O.

B. ganglion cells.

Compared to men, women have A. fewer stages of neural processing in the visual sensory pathway. B. less risk of developing color-blindness. C. two rather than three tiny bones in the middle ear. D. hearing that is governed according to the frequency theory but not the place theory of pitch.

B. less risk of developing color-blindness.

The Müller-Lyer illusion describes a case where a A. straight line appears offset when the center portion of the line is covered by a rectangular shape. B. line with arrow tips pointed inward appears to be longer than one with arrow tips pointed outward. C. center tine of a three-pronged fork alternates between appearing and disappearing. D. right angle placed about a line appears as though it is bent.

B. line with arrow tips pointed inward appears to be longer than one with arrow tips pointed outward.

Which is an example of a monocular cue of depth perception? A. bottom-up B. linear perspective C. rule of proximity D. opponent-process

B. linear perspective

Imagine that when you walk into a classroom, it is poorly lighted and it is difficult for you to see. In this instance, your pupil will A. close to help you focus more on objects in the room. B. open to allow more light to enter the eye. C. remain unchanged from when you entered the room. D. activate a greater number of cones.

B. open to allow more light to enter the eye.

When we perceive the characteristics of external objects as remaining the same even though the retinal image has changed, _____ has been maintained. A. bottom-up processing B. perceptual constancy C. sensory adaptation D. subliminal perception

B. perceptual constancy

Visual images on the retina are A. one-dimensional. B. two-dimensional. C. three-dimensional. D. four-dimensional.

B. two-dimensional.

The range of wavelengths that the human eye can perceive is called the A. fovea. B. visible spectrum. C. occipital array. D. visible vector.

B. visible spectrum.

Which of the following characterizes the distinction psychologists now make between sensation and perception? A. Sensation involves neural events below the brain stem; perception, events above the brain stem. B. Sensation involves neural events in sensory receptors only; perception involves all other neural events. C. Sensation involves lower-order processes; perception involves higher-order processes. D. Traditional distinctions are not useful, because sensation and perception are both part of a single information-processing system.

C. Sensation involves lower-order processes; perception involves higher-order processes.

The smallest intensity at which you are able to detect a stimulus is called the A. sensory adaptation. B. motion parallax. C. absolute threshold. D. basilar membrane.

C. absolute threshold.

Maria has the most common form of color-blindness. Which task will be especially challenging for her? A. seeing any of the colors in a very vibrant painting B. distinguishing the colors in a blue and yellow shirt C. distinguishing the colors of a traffic light D. seeing anything in a black-and-white picture

C. distinguishing the colors of a traffic light

The sight of a police car causes Wanda to touch her brake, slowing her speeding car. The police car has served as a A. sensation. B. perception. C. stimulus. D. response.

C. stimulus.

The blind spot is the place on the retina where A. there are all rods and no cones. B. rods and cones are found in equal proportions. C. the optic nerve leaves the eye toward the brain. D. the fovea intersects with the sclera.

C. the optic nerve leaves the eye toward the brain.

_____ refers to a basic law of psychophysics that a just noticeable difference is in constant proportion to the intensity of the original stimulus. A. Signal detection theory B. Sensory threshold C. Konrad's constant D. Weber's law

D. Weber's law

Imagine that someone is calling you from across a large room and you are trying to see who it is. Because the person is far away, the task is challenging. Your lens will help you by A. increasing the amount of light that enters the eye. B. increasing the width of your visual spectrum. C. becoming more round than normal. D. becoming flatter than normal.

D. becoming flatter than normal.

Weber's law implies that a postal clerk who judges by hand whether an envelope needs extra postage will be most accurate when judging a(n) A. extra heavy envelope of 18 ounces. B. heavy envelope of 12 ounces. C. moderately heavy 4-ounce letter. D. lightweight 1-ounce letter.

D. lightweight 1-ounce letter.

Trichromatic theory would explain color-blindness by suggesting that A. a person receives a third chromosome that blocks color vision. B. paired receptor cells work in opposition to each other. C. it is a state of mind rather than a physiological condition. D. one of the primary cone systems in the eye malfunctions.

D. one of the primary cone systems in the eye malfunctions.

The contemporary view of color vision is that the _____ theory is true only for early stages of visual processing, but the _____ theory applies correctly to both early and later stages of visual processing. A. place; gate-control B. opponent-process; trichromatic C. trichromatic; gate-control D. trichromatic; opponent-process

D. trichromatic; opponent-process