Quiz 4 Principles of computing

A typical college student is about 20 years old. About how many times more capacity does an IC have versus when the student was born, assuming capacity doubles every 2 years?

1,000 times more

Putting multiple CPUs on a single chip has been done since the _____.

2000

a typical typing speed is ___ words per minute

40

A CPU accesses 100 program instructions. Each memory access takes 5 nanoseconds (ns, or billionths of a second). All 100 instructions are in memory. What is the total time?

500 ns

A CPU accesses 100 program instructions. Each memory access takes 5 ns. The memory can only hold 50 instructions. The first 50 instructions are already in memory. Replacing those 50 by the next 50 takes 400 ns. What is the total time?

900 ns

A(n) _____ projector passes light through a color wheel to generate red, green, and blue light.

DLP

_____ is NOT a common computer format to scan to.

DOCX

pixel

Displayed text and images consist of rows and columns of colored dots

gigahertz

GHz means 1 billion ticks per second

_____ is a type of cable connector used to connect a laptop to a data projector.

HDMI

keyboard

Hardware for input that allows a user to type characters press keys for letters, numbers and symbols

screen

Hardware for output that displays characters and images to a user.

CPU

Hardware that runs program instructions and controls other hardware; called the computer's brain central processing unit

memory

Hardware that stores data. Memory is also called RAM, short for Random Access Memory

touchscreen

Many modern devices like tablets and smartphones have a display that is also sensitive to touch

Bill Gates and Paul Allen founded Microsoft in 1975 to write software for this computer type, a type that was just starting to appear in homes at that time.

PC

the most commonly used computer keyboard has a _____ arrangement

QWERTY

Most keyboards interface with a desktop computer via a ____ port

USB

speech recognition

app converts audio into text by recognizing spoken words

giga means one ______

billion

retina display

brand name for an LCD display with higher pixel densities

VGA (video graphics array)

cable is an older technology that uses an analog signal to transmit video

What does an HDMI do?

cable transmits video and sound using a digital signal

dual core

chip has two CPUs on the chip, each CPU known as a core, having appeared first around 2005

clock frequency

clocks ticks per second

in dot matrix the ink is located on a ______

cloth

server farm

collection of thousands of servers, typically located in large buildings specially equipped to provide electrical power, cooling, physical security, and accessibility for repairs

computer speaker

common audio output device that converts an electrical signal to music, sound, or speech

an optical mouse detects movement by

comparing successive photos of the surface below

embedded computer

computer embedded inside some electronic device, like inside a car

server

computer that delivers (serves) items like web pages, documents, or videos to other computers over a network, typically having no keyboard or screen

integrated circuit

computers are built from transistor circuits that appear on a fingernail-sized device

plasma monitor

consists of hundreds of thousands of tiny gas-filled cells

laser printer

contains a rotating ink drum that is electrostatically charged by a laser

short throw projector

designed to project a large image in a small space, typically with a projection distance of just 2 to 4 feet

optical mouse

detects movement using an optical sensor, which is a very basic camera; informally stated, the mouse takes quick photos (very simple ones) of the surface below, and by comparing features in successive photos, calculates the direction and distance the mouse was moved

scanner

device that can input printed materials into a computer, thus making the materials digital

_____ are easier to share with multiple people.

digital documents

dpi

dots per inch

hard disk drive

drive consisted of a spinning disk that stored bits using magnetism

A 20" monitor has a horizontal width of 20 inches.

false

A 23" monitor with an aspect ratio of 4:3 will have the same width as a 23" monitor with an aspect ratio of 16:9.

false

A USB flash drive is typically built into a computer.

false

A USB flash drive loses data when electricity is turned off.

false

A USB flash drive typically has an electric cord that plugs into the wall, for electricity while storing data. (Not discussed above; make an educated guess).

false

A touchscreen can be used effectively with a finger, pen, stick, and many other objects.

false

A typical embedded computer in a household appliance, like in a coffeemaker, thermostat, or garage door opener, costs about the same as a desktop computer.

false

Resolution is reported as the total number of pixels contained in a monitor.

false

Speech recognition software was first introduced around 2010.

false

The ALU tells the memory how to respond to arithmetic operations.

false

Touchscreens are convenient for fast typing.

false

When a user types on a keyboard, the typed characters are stored directly on a computer screen.

false

A server farm is a collection of about 10 servers.

false have many thousands of servers

computer designers can set a computers clock tick rate to as fast as they want

false computer signals can only travel so fast through a computer chips switches and wires

Server farms are typically located within large cities.

false located in remote areas where land is cheap

speech recognition software is about as accurate as typing

false speech recognition is hard

If a CPU's program is like a chef's recipe, then a cache is like a cookbook of recipes.

false would instead be like a tiny paper that a chef keeps nearby

a faster ticking clock means a program may execute _______

faster

duplex

feature that enables a printer to print on both sides of the paper

quad-core

has four CPUs on the chip

Flatbed scanners are often found in _____.

homes and offices

solid state drive

implements a drive, using a computer chip (with no moving parts) instead of a spinning disk to store data

chip

integrated circuit is also called a chip

speech input

involves a user speaking into a microphone, with an app converting the speech to text.

QWERTY

keyboard due to the top row's letters starting with Q, W, E, R, T, Y as in the figure below

usually as capable as a desktop PC but designed to be portable

laptop

Which of the following computer types can be operated using power from a battery?

laptop computer

Which of the following computer types is the fastest?

laptop computer

mainframe

large centralized computer common in the 1950's-1980's that perhaps hundreds of people shared, often accessed through tens of connected keyboard/screen combinations called "terminals."

a ______ printer uses dry unk or toner, to print images and text

laser

what is the brightness of a projector measured in?

lumens

LCD (liquid crystal display)

monitor consists of liquid crystals sandwiched between polarizing filters

CRT (cathode ray tube)

monitor houses an electron gun at the rear of the monitor, which emits a high-speed beam of electrons toward a vacuum tube located at the front of the monitor

People often underestimate how quickly repeated doubling grows. Try answering this question with a quick guess: If you earn $1 today, $2 tomorrow, $4 the next day, etc., about how much will you earn in a year?

more money than exists

an optical mouse work on _______ surfaces

most

a touch pad may be used instead of a ______

mouse

USB flash drive

non-volatile storage device that a user can connect to a computer via a USB port

ppm

pages per minute

flash

particular kind of non-volatile storage technology with the feature that large blocks of data can be erased simultaneously (in a "flash")

Arithmetic Logic Unit

performs arithmetic (+, -, *, /) and logic (AND, OR, XOR, NOT) operations on binary integers

PC

personal computer used by a few people in a home or office, includes a keyboard and screen, and runs various applications like office productivity, web access, games

smartphone

pocket-sized mobile phone that also has computer functionality, able to run various applications like web browsing

laptop

portable PC, smaller/lighter than a desktop PC, using less electrical power, and operable from battery power

data projector

portable projector that displays an enlarged image from a laptop onto a screen

printer speed is measured in ______.

ppm

dot matrix printers

printhead moves back and forth and strikes an inked cloth against paper to produce text and graphics

color printer

prints text and images in a wide range of colors, and typically contains cartridges for cyan, magenta, yellow, and black

monochrome printer

prints text and images in varying tones of black

printer

produces output on a physical medium, such as paper, photo paper, glass, canvas, and more

throw distance

projector distance is sometimes referred to as the throw distance because the distance specifies how far an image is "thrown".

cache

provide ultra-fast access to the currently-needed instructions and data

thermal printer

selectively heats thermal paper and the heated areas turn black

Which of the following computer types consumes the most power?

server

Which of the following is the most expensive type of computer?

server

large, expensive, and rarely seen by most people

server

LCD (liquid crystal display projector)

shines light through a prism to separate red, green, and blue light

DLP digital light processing) projector

shines light through a spinning color wheel that passes red, green, and blue light to a chip with thousands of small mirrors

100 MHz is _______ than 2 GHz.

slower

The QWERTY keyboard was designed to help people type _____ (answer either faster or slower).

slower

A short throw data projector is ideal for _____ spaces.

small

mouse

small device that a user can move on a desktop to cause a mouse pointer to move on a screen, and that has one or more buttons that can be clicked to select objects

Which of the following computer types is the slowest?

smartphone

the smallest discussed computer type

smartphone

stylus

special pen-like device can also be detected by a touchscreen, and can thus be useful for writing or drawing.

a graphics processing unit is a _____ for fast graphics display

special purpose CPU that has hardware

graphics processing unit (GPU)

special-purpose CPU chip whose hardware is specially designed for fast graphics and video processing

tablet

specialized portable computer typically about the size of a book with the size being mostly the screen, which is used for both output and input

inkjet printer

sprays small drops of ink to create text and images.

computer moniter

standalone output device that displays text, images, and video on a screen

non-volatile

storage device that stores data after electricity is turned off

drive

stores data even after electricity is turned off ex: items like programs, documents, photos, and videos are stored on the drive

clock

synchronizes all the CPU's components, like a drumbeat synchronizes a marching band

Specialized computer that consists mostly of a screen.

tablet

book reader

tablet specialized for reading books, typically having an ultra-low-power paper-like display

control unit

tells computer components, such as memory, the ALU, and input and output devices, how to respond to computer instructions

software

term for the programs (the 0's and 1's) that instruct the computer what to do

Moores Law

the observation that computing power roughly doubles every two years.

hardware

the physical parts of a computer

A CPU can access an item from cache faster than from memory.

true

A computer chip with a fast clock may get very hot to the touch.

true

A computer inside a TV is considered an embedded computer.

true

A stylus is a special physical pointer designed to work with touchscreens.

true

A touchscreen is a touch-sensitive device layered on top of a display.

true

Assuming an IC can halve in size every two years, that IC can be about 128 times smaller in just 14 years.

true

Assuming an IC can halve in size every two years, the circuitry in a fingernail-sized IC in a smartphone today could in 14 years fit in an IC smaller than a grain of rice.

true

CPU stands for central processing unit

true

Each server gets hot, so cooling a server farm is a serious challenge.

true

If a CPU's data is like a person's phonebook, then a cache is like the person writing a phone number on his hand

true

Many computers have a fan that blows room air over a computer's CPU chip to keep the chip cool.

true

Speech is becoming a more popular input to computing devices.

true

The CPU (running a program) displays items on the screen by copying items from memory.

true

The CPU runs a programs instructions

true

The larger a cache, the faster a program may run.

true

Today, computers like tablets, book readers, and smartphones combine the keyboard and screen in a single device.

true

a widescreen monitor has an aspect ratio of 16:9 or greater

true

supercomputer

used for computationally intensive jobs often involving big data and can execute trillions of instructions per second on large data sets

Viewing a _____ benefits from a fast graphics processor.

video file

a mouse used mostly for

working with graphical objects

wetting ones finger may _____ a touchpads usefulness

worsen

a color inkjet printer typically contains separate ink cartridges for cyan, magenta ______ and black

yellow