Quiz 4 Principles of computing
A typical college student is about 20 years old. About how many times more capacity does an IC have versus when the student was born, assuming capacity doubles every 2 years?
1,000 times more
Putting multiple CPUs on a single chip has been done since the _____.
2000
a typical typing speed is ___ words per minute
40
A CPU accesses 100 program instructions. Each memory access takes 5 nanoseconds (ns, or billionths of a second). All 100 instructions are in memory. What is the total time?
500 ns
A CPU accesses 100 program instructions. Each memory access takes 5 ns. The memory can only hold 50 instructions. The first 50 instructions are already in memory. Replacing those 50 by the next 50 takes 400 ns. What is the total time?
900 ns
A(n) _____ projector passes light through a color wheel to generate red, green, and blue light.
DLP
_____ is NOT a common computer format to scan to.
DOCX
pixel
Displayed text and images consist of rows and columns of colored dots
gigahertz
GHz means 1 billion ticks per second
_____ is a type of cable connector used to connect a laptop to a data projector.
HDMI
keyboard
Hardware for input that allows a user to type characters press keys for letters, numbers and symbols
screen
Hardware for output that displays characters and images to a user.
CPU
Hardware that runs program instructions and controls other hardware; called the computer's brain central processing unit
memory
Hardware that stores data. Memory is also called RAM, short for Random Access Memory
touchscreen
Many modern devices like tablets and smartphones have a display that is also sensitive to touch
Bill Gates and Paul Allen founded Microsoft in 1975 to write software for this computer type, a type that was just starting to appear in homes at that time.
PC
the most commonly used computer keyboard has a _____ arrangement
QWERTY
Most keyboards interface with a desktop computer via a ____ port
USB
speech recognition
app converts audio into text by recognizing spoken words
giga means one ______
billion
retina display
brand name for an LCD display with higher pixel densities
VGA (video graphics array)
cable is an older technology that uses an analog signal to transmit video
What does an HDMI do?
cable transmits video and sound using a digital signal
dual core
chip has two CPUs on the chip, each CPU known as a core, having appeared first around 2005
clock frequency
clocks ticks per second
in dot matrix the ink is located on a ______
cloth
server farm
collection of thousands of servers, typically located in large buildings specially equipped to provide electrical power, cooling, physical security, and accessibility for repairs
computer speaker
common audio output device that converts an electrical signal to music, sound, or speech
an optical mouse detects movement by
comparing successive photos of the surface below
embedded computer
computer embedded inside some electronic device, like inside a car
server
computer that delivers (serves) items like web pages, documents, or videos to other computers over a network, typically having no keyboard or screen
integrated circuit
computers are built from transistor circuits that appear on a fingernail-sized device
plasma monitor
consists of hundreds of thousands of tiny gas-filled cells
laser printer
contains a rotating ink drum that is electrostatically charged by a laser
short throw projector
designed to project a large image in a small space, typically with a projection distance of just 2 to 4 feet
optical mouse
detects movement using an optical sensor, which is a very basic camera; informally stated, the mouse takes quick photos (very simple ones) of the surface below, and by comparing features in successive photos, calculates the direction and distance the mouse was moved
scanner
device that can input printed materials into a computer, thus making the materials digital
_____ are easier to share with multiple people.
digital documents
dpi
dots per inch
hard disk drive
drive consisted of a spinning disk that stored bits using magnetism
A 20" monitor has a horizontal width of 20 inches.
false
A 23" monitor with an aspect ratio of 4:3 will have the same width as a 23" monitor with an aspect ratio of 16:9.
false
A USB flash drive is typically built into a computer.
false
A USB flash drive loses data when electricity is turned off.
false
A USB flash drive typically has an electric cord that plugs into the wall, for electricity while storing data. (Not discussed above; make an educated guess).
false
A touchscreen can be used effectively with a finger, pen, stick, and many other objects.
false
A typical embedded computer in a household appliance, like in a coffeemaker, thermostat, or garage door opener, costs about the same as a desktop computer.
false
Resolution is reported as the total number of pixels contained in a monitor.
false
Speech recognition software was first introduced around 2010.
false
The ALU tells the memory how to respond to arithmetic operations.
false
Touchscreens are convenient for fast typing.
false
When a user types on a keyboard, the typed characters are stored directly on a computer screen.
false
A server farm is a collection of about 10 servers.
false have many thousands of servers
computer designers can set a computers clock tick rate to as fast as they want
false computer signals can only travel so fast through a computer chips switches and wires
Server farms are typically located within large cities.
false located in remote areas where land is cheap
speech recognition software is about as accurate as typing
false speech recognition is hard
If a CPU's program is like a chef's recipe, then a cache is like a cookbook of recipes.
false would instead be like a tiny paper that a chef keeps nearby
a faster ticking clock means a program may execute _______
faster
duplex
feature that enables a printer to print on both sides of the paper
quad-core
has four CPUs on the chip
Flatbed scanners are often found in _____.
homes and offices
solid state drive
implements a drive, using a computer chip (with no moving parts) instead of a spinning disk to store data
chip
integrated circuit is also called a chip
speech input
involves a user speaking into a microphone, with an app converting the speech to text.
QWERTY
keyboard due to the top row's letters starting with Q, W, E, R, T, Y as in the figure below
usually as capable as a desktop PC but designed to be portable
laptop
Which of the following computer types can be operated using power from a battery?
laptop computer
Which of the following computer types is the fastest?
laptop computer
mainframe
large centralized computer common in the 1950's-1980's that perhaps hundreds of people shared, often accessed through tens of connected keyboard/screen combinations called "terminals."
a ______ printer uses dry unk or toner, to print images and text
laser
what is the brightness of a projector measured in?
lumens
LCD (liquid crystal display)
monitor consists of liquid crystals sandwiched between polarizing filters
CRT (cathode ray tube)
monitor houses an electron gun at the rear of the monitor, which emits a high-speed beam of electrons toward a vacuum tube located at the front of the monitor
People often underestimate how quickly repeated doubling grows. Try answering this question with a quick guess: If you earn $1 today, $2 tomorrow, $4 the next day, etc., about how much will you earn in a year?
more money than exists
an optical mouse work on _______ surfaces
most
a touch pad may be used instead of a ______
mouse
USB flash drive
non-volatile storage device that a user can connect to a computer via a USB port
ppm
pages per minute
flash
particular kind of non-volatile storage technology with the feature that large blocks of data can be erased simultaneously (in a "flash")
Arithmetic Logic Unit
performs arithmetic (+, -, *, /) and logic (AND, OR, XOR, NOT) operations on binary integers
PC
personal computer used by a few people in a home or office, includes a keyboard and screen, and runs various applications like office productivity, web access, games
smartphone
pocket-sized mobile phone that also has computer functionality, able to run various applications like web browsing
laptop
portable PC, smaller/lighter than a desktop PC, using less electrical power, and operable from battery power
data projector
portable projector that displays an enlarged image from a laptop onto a screen
printer speed is measured in ______.
ppm
dot matrix printers
printhead moves back and forth and strikes an inked cloth against paper to produce text and graphics
color printer
prints text and images in a wide range of colors, and typically contains cartridges for cyan, magenta, yellow, and black
monochrome printer
prints text and images in varying tones of black
printer
produces output on a physical medium, such as paper, photo paper, glass, canvas, and more
throw distance
projector distance is sometimes referred to as the throw distance because the distance specifies how far an image is "thrown".
cache
provide ultra-fast access to the currently-needed instructions and data
thermal printer
selectively heats thermal paper and the heated areas turn black
Which of the following computer types consumes the most power?
server
Which of the following is the most expensive type of computer?
server
large, expensive, and rarely seen by most people
server
LCD (liquid crystal display projector)
shines light through a prism to separate red, green, and blue light
DLP digital light processing) projector
shines light through a spinning color wheel that passes red, green, and blue light to a chip with thousands of small mirrors
100 MHz is _______ than 2 GHz.
slower
The QWERTY keyboard was designed to help people type _____ (answer either faster or slower).
slower
A short throw data projector is ideal for _____ spaces.
small
mouse
small device that a user can move on a desktop to cause a mouse pointer to move on a screen, and that has one or more buttons that can be clicked to select objects
Which of the following computer types is the slowest?
smartphone
the smallest discussed computer type
smartphone
stylus
special pen-like device can also be detected by a touchscreen, and can thus be useful for writing or drawing.
a graphics processing unit is a _____ for fast graphics display
special purpose CPU that has hardware
graphics processing unit (GPU)
special-purpose CPU chip whose hardware is specially designed for fast graphics and video processing
tablet
specialized portable computer typically about the size of a book with the size being mostly the screen, which is used for both output and input
inkjet printer
sprays small drops of ink to create text and images.
computer moniter
standalone output device that displays text, images, and video on a screen
non-volatile
storage device that stores data after electricity is turned off
drive
stores data even after electricity is turned off ex: items like programs, documents, photos, and videos are stored on the drive
clock
synchronizes all the CPU's components, like a drumbeat synchronizes a marching band
Specialized computer that consists mostly of a screen.
tablet
book reader
tablet specialized for reading books, typically having an ultra-low-power paper-like display
control unit
tells computer components, such as memory, the ALU, and input and output devices, how to respond to computer instructions
software
term for the programs (the 0's and 1's) that instruct the computer what to do
Moores Law
the observation that computing power roughly doubles every two years.
hardware
the physical parts of a computer
A CPU can access an item from cache faster than from memory.
true
A computer chip with a fast clock may get very hot to the touch.
true
A computer inside a TV is considered an embedded computer.
true
A stylus is a special physical pointer designed to work with touchscreens.
true
A touchscreen is a touch-sensitive device layered on top of a display.
true
Assuming an IC can halve in size every two years, that IC can be about 128 times smaller in just 14 years.
true
Assuming an IC can halve in size every two years, the circuitry in a fingernail-sized IC in a smartphone today could in 14 years fit in an IC smaller than a grain of rice.
true
CPU stands for central processing unit
true
Each server gets hot, so cooling a server farm is a serious challenge.
true
If a CPU's data is like a person's phonebook, then a cache is like the person writing a phone number on his hand
true
Many computers have a fan that blows room air over a computer's CPU chip to keep the chip cool.
true
Speech is becoming a more popular input to computing devices.
true
The CPU (running a program) displays items on the screen by copying items from memory.
true
The CPU runs a programs instructions
true
The larger a cache, the faster a program may run.
true
Today, computers like tablets, book readers, and smartphones combine the keyboard and screen in a single device.
true
a widescreen monitor has an aspect ratio of 16:9 or greater
true
supercomputer
used for computationally intensive jobs often involving big data and can execute trillions of instructions per second on large data sets
Viewing a _____ benefits from a fast graphics processor.
video file
a mouse used mostly for
working with graphical objects
wetting ones finger may _____ a touchpads usefulness
worsen
a color inkjet printer typically contains separate ink cartridges for cyan, magenta ______ and black
yellow