Quiz 4a

Other than the rock itself, the most important chemical substance needed for the majority of weathering processes is oxygen. nitrogen. water. carbon dioxide.

Water.

Which of the following is not a type of physical weathering process? Question options: exfoliation hydrolysis salt crystal growth frost wedging

hydrolysis

Factors influencing the weathering process include Question options: the climate of an area. rock composition and structure. the amount of vegetation in an area. rock composition and structure, climate, and vegetation. only the climate of an area and rock composition.

rock composition and structure, climate, and vegetation.

Which of the following is not exogenic in nature? weathering erosion denudation tectonic uplift mass wasting

tectonic uplift

Hydration involves Question options: a chemical reaction with water that creates new minerals. the addition of water to a mineral with little overall chemical change. frost action. salt crystal growth from evaporation.

the addition of water to a mineral with little overall chemical change.

The convex upper portion of a typical slope is called a Question options: pediment. debris slope. waxing slope. free face.

waxing slope.

Salt-crystal growth (salt weathering) is prevalent in which climate type? Question options: mesothermal tropical arid polar

arid

If Earth did not experience endogenic processes, the landscape would be rugged and of great relief as a result of uplift in the absence of weathering and erosion. consist of high mountains and hills with smooth, gentle slopes. be of very low relief as a result of weathering and erosion in the absence of uplift.

be of very low relief as a result of weathering and erosion in the absence of uplift.

The science that specifically studies the origin, evolution, form, and spatial distribution of landforms is geology. geography. geomorphology. environmental chemistry.

Geomorphology

The dynamic equilibrium model refers to Question options: a balancing act between tectonic uplift and rates of denudation by weathering and erosion in a given landscape. a theory involving the static nature of a landscape. a sequential development of landforms. an important concept first stated by William Morris Davis.

a balancing act between tectonic uplift and rates of denudation by weathering and erosion in a given landscape.

After a threshold is crossed, the landscape Question options: remains unstable thereafter. adjusts to a new equilibrium condition. looks identical to the landscape that existed prior to the crossing of the threshold. returns to the conditions that existed prior to the crossing the threshold.

adjusts to a new equilibrium condition.

Which of the following weathering processes does not involve water? Question options: hydration hydrolysis crystallization (precipitation of salt) carbonation (dissolution of carbonate) pressure-release jointing

carbonation (dissolution of carbonate)

Which portions of a slope overlap substantially? Question options: waxing slope and waning slope waning slope and free face free face and debris slope debris slope and waning slope

debris slope and waning slope

All processes that cause reduction and rearrangement of landforms are included in the term Question options: mass movement. erosion. weathering. denudation.

denudation.

The uplift of mountains is caused by Question options: endogenic processes. aggradation. denudation. exogenic forces.

endogenic processes.

Because the climate of a region slowly changes and tectonic adjustments slowly occur, the landscape Question options: is constantly at a threshold condition. is continuously adjusting to new conditions that develop. is usually in a state of dynamic equilibrium. is constantly at a threshold, continuously adjusting, and in a state of dynamic equilibrium. is continuously adjusting, AND in a state of dynamic equilibrium, but NOT constantly at a threshold.

is continuously adjusting, AND in a state of dynamic equilibrium, but NOT constantly at a threshold.

Rust, formed by the reaction of iron and oxygen in the presence of water, is an example of Question options: hydration. frost wedging. carbonation. oxidation.

oxidation.

Frost wedging is an example of ________ weathering processes. Question options: chemical physical biological both biological and chemical

physical

Salt-crystal growth (salt weathering) is an example of ________ weathering processes. Question options: chemical physical biological both biological and physical

physical

When rock is broken down and disintegrated without any chemical alterations, the process in operation is Question options: physical weathering. chemical weathering. hydrolysis. carbonation.

physical weathering.

When rainwater attacks formations of limestone, the minerals dissolve and wash away with the mildly acid rainwater. This is an example of Question options: oxidation. crystallization. frost action. carbonation.

carbonation.

Hydrolis, hydration, oxidation, and carbonation are all examples of ________ weathering processes. Question options: physical chemical biological physical and biological

chemical

When rock is broken down and disintegrated in the presence of water and with chemical alterations to the rock, the process in operation is Question options: physical weathering. chemical weathering. hydrolysis. carbonation.

chemical weathering.

Chemical weathering is greatest under conditions of Question options: higher rainfall and temperatures. lower rainfall and temperatures. higher rainfall, but lower temperatures. lower rainfall, but higher temperatures.

higher rainfall and temperatures.

In which climates would rocks experience the highest amounts of chemical decomposition and decay? Question options: cold and wet cold and dry hot and wet hot and dry

hot and wet