Quiz #5
donor, hydrogen
A Bronsted-Lowry acid is a proton _____ and must therefore contain at least one ionizable _____ atom in its formula.
Acceptor, lone, electrons, covalent
A Bronsted-Lowry base is a proton _____. A Bronsted-Lowry base must contain an available ____ pair of ________ in its formula in order to form a(n) _______ bond to the H+.
accepts; donates
A Lewis acid is any species that _____ an electron pair, whereas a Lewis base is a species that _____ an electron pair.
the unit OH in its formula
A base contains...
metal; anions; ligands
A coordination compound is typically made up of a complex ion and counter ions. The complex ion consists of a central ____________ cation bonded to molecules and/or ___________ called __________.
6, octahedral
A metal ion uses d2sp3 orbitals when forming a complex. What is its coordination number and the shape of the complex?
hydrogen atoms in its formula
An acid contains one or more...
Base H negative
An acid donates a proton to form its conjugate _______, which therefore has one less __ atom and one more ______ charge than its acid.
The object absorbs all wavelengths of light except red.The object absorbs only green light.
An object appears to be red. Which of the following options could correctly explain this observation? Select all that apply.
reflects, complimentary
An object has a particular color if it _____ light of that color, or if it absorbs only the _____ color.
pH is equal to the -log [H+]. So, by subtracting the pOH or 5.6 from 14, you can find pH. Then set the -log(x)=pH to find H+
How do you calculate H+ from pOH?
take the negative log of the value
How do you calculate pH from molarity
14-pOH
How do you calculate pH from pOH?
According to Lewis acid base theory , an acid is an species that is capable of accepting an electron pair i.e. electron deficient species are lewis acids. Base is a species that is capable of donating an electron pair i.e. electron rich species are lewis base. Some examples of Lewis acids include Na+ and BF3.
How do you determine what is a lewis acid?
In acid-base reactions, the acid is converted into its conjugate base and the base is converted into its conjugate acid.
How do you determine what is the acid, base, conjugate acid, and conjugate base from a chemical equation?
set pOH given by problem equal to negative log of x to solve for x.
How do you find OH- from pOH?
products; weaker
In a Bronsted-Lowry acid-base reaction, equilibrium will favor the _____ if the reacting acid and base are strong. The reaction will always favor the formation of the _____ acid and base.
5 ions
Write the number of individual ions per formula unit and the coordination number of Hexaamminechromium(III) tetrachlorocuprate(II
5.6
Write the number of individual ions per formula unit and the coordination number of Potassium hexacyanoferrate(II)
coordination number:6
Write the number of individual ions per formula unit and the coordination number of chromium in above compound
coordination number:4
Write the number of individual ions per formula unit and the coordination number of copper in above compound
The ns2 electrons are readily lost.
Why do many transition metals have an oxidation state of +2?
decrease, inner
Atomic sizes for transition metals within the same period __________ from left to right at first but then remain fairly constant, increasing only slightly compared to the trend found among the main-group elements. The reason for this trend is because the d orbitals are ___________ orbitals and thus they shield outer electrons very efficiently.
constant, shielding
Both ionization energy and electronegativity remain relatively __________ as you move from left to right across a period of transition metals. This is due to effective __________ by the inner d electrons.
No, Ligand L cannot be CN-. Yes, it can be Cl-.
Cr(H2O)6]2+ is violet. Another CrL6 complex is green.(a) Can ligand L be CN−?(b) Can it be Cl−?
donates an H+
Definition of a bronsted-lowry acid
accepts H+
Definition of a bronsted-lowry base
accepts an electron pair
Definition of a lewis acid
donates an electron pair
Definition of a lewis base?
forms OH- ions in an aqueous solution
Definition of an arrhenius acid
forms H3O+ ions in aqueous solution
Definition of an arrhenius base
Lewis acids accept electron pairs and Lewis bases donate electron pairs during a reaction. Low energy vacant orbitals on the Lewis acid accept electron density from the high energy occupied orbitals on the Lewis base
Difference between Lewis acids and Lewis bases?
potassiumtetrachlorocuprate(II)
Give a systematic name for the following formula:K2[CuCl4]
Hexaamminechromium(III)hexacyanochromate(III)
Give a systematic name for the following formula:[Cr(NH3)6][Cr(CN)6]
[Ar]3d^6,4
Give the condensed electron configuration and the number of unpaired electrons for Co3+.
[Ar]3d^3, 3
Give the condensed electron configuration and the number of unpaired electrons for Cr3+.
[Xe]4f^14.5d^3, 3 unpaired
Give the condensed electron configuration and the number of unpaired electrons for Ta2+.
[Ar],0
Give the condensed electron configuration and the number of unpaired electrons for Ti4+.
6,2
Give the coordination number (C.N.) of the metal ion and the number of ions per formula unit in Diamminediaquabromochloroaluminum nitrate
6.4
Give the coordination number (C.N.) of the metal ion and the number of ions per formula unit in Potassium tris(oxalato)chromate(III)
7 ions
Give the coordination number (C.N.) of the metal ion and the number of ions per formula unit in Tris(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) pentacyanoiodomanganate(II) −
6 is coordination number
Give the coordination number (C.N.) of the metal ion and the number of ions per formula unit in cobalt in above compound
6 is coordination number
Give the coordination number (C.N.) of the metal ion and the number of ions per formula unit in manganese in above compound
4,3,6
Give the number of d electrons (n of dn) for the central metal ion in the following compounds: Cr(H2O)6](ClO3)2, [Mn(CN)6]2−, [Ru(NO)(en)2Cl]Br
6
Give the number of d electrons (n of dn) for the central metal ion in this species: [RhCl6]3−.
tetraamminedinitrocobalt(III)chloride
Give the systematic name for the following formula: [Co(NH3)4(NO2)2]Cl.
tris(ethylenediamine)chromium(III) perchlorate.
Give the systematic name for the following formula: [Cr(en)3](ClO4)3.
decreases
Given the ion-product constant for water Kw = [H3O+][OH-], as the concentration of hydronium increases the concentration of hydroxide _____.
by an acid in aqueous solution
H3O+ ions are produced...
Lewis acid-bases donates a pair of electrons to conjugate. Arrhenius acids increase the concentration of H+ in aqueous solution. A bronsted lowry reaction is a transfer of a proton from one molecule or ion to another.
How can you classify a reaction as Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, or Lewis acid-basE?
3,6
Write the number of individual ions per formula unit and the coordination number of Dibromobis(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) sulfate
The ligands are listed first (alphabetically), followed by the metal.
In what order are the metal ion and ligands given in the name of a complex ion?
Ni: 3d Na: 3s Zr: 4d Br: 4p
In which orbital or group of orbitals would the last electron for each of the following elements be placed? (Assume a neutral atom with a ground-state electron configuration.)
stereoisomers; constitutional isomers
Isomers that have the same skeleton but differ in the spatial arrangement of their atoms are called _____, whereas isomers that have different skeletons are called _____ isomers.
transition, diamagnetic
Many __________ metal compounds are colored and paramagnetic, whereas main-group ionic compounds are colorless and ___________.
Constitutional isomers-Have the same molecular formula but different skeletons Stereoisomers - Have the same molecular formula and skeleton, but differ in the spatial arrangement of their atoms
Match each type of isomer to the correct description.
Lewis acids; adduct
Metal cations act like ______ when dissolved in water. The hydrated cation is the ______.
by a base in an aqueous solution
OH- ions are produced by
[Cr(H2O)6]3 < [Cr(NH3)6]3 < [Cr(NO2)6]3
Rank the following complex ions in order of increasing Δ and energy of visible light absorbed: [Cr(NH3)6]3, [Cr(H2O)6]3, [Cr(NO2)6]3.
B>A>C
Rank the following in order of decreasing Δ and energy of light absorbed.A: [Cr(en)3]3+B: [Cr(CN)6]3−C: [CrCl6]3−
Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, Lewis
Rank the three different definitions for acids and bases from the least to the most inclusive. Place the least inclusive definition at the top of the list and the most inclusive definition at the bottom of the list.
8,5
The actinides Pa, U, and Np form a series of complex ions, such as the anion in the compound Na3[UF8], in which the central metal ion has an unusual geometry and oxidation state. In the crystal structure, the complex ion can be pictured as resulting from interpenetration of simple cubic arrays of uranium and fluoride ions.(a) What is the coordination number of the metal ion in the complex ion?(b) What is the oxidation state of uranium in the compound?
stronger, weaker
The direction of an acid-base equilibrium depends on the relative strengths of the acids and bases involved. Since strong acids and strong bases readily accept and donate protons, the equilibrium will always favor the reaction of the _____ acid and base and the formation of the _____ acid and base.
491kj/mol
The extent of crystal field splitting is often determined from spectra.Given the wavelength (λ) of maximum absorption, λ= 244 nm, find the crystal field splitting energy (Δ),in kJ/mol, for the complex ion [Ir(NH3)6]3+ .
is typical of transition elements.
The formation of ionic compounds that are colored and paramagnetic
is typical of main-group elements.
The formation of ionic compounds that are colorless and diamagnetic
+3
The lanthanides generally form ions with a _________ charge.
include both metals and nonmetals.
The main-group elements
coordination
The number of ligand donor atoms bonded directly to the central metal ion in a complex ion is called the ___________ number.
H3O+ ion
The pH of a solution is a measure of its _____ concentration.
pH
The quantity -log[H3O+] is called the ___ of a solution
include only metals.
The transition elements
blue, yellow orange, green
Three of the complex ions that are formed by Co3+ are [Co(H2O)6]3+, [Co(NH3)6]3+, and [CoF6]3−. These ions have the observed colors (listed in arbitrary order) yellow-orange, green, and blue. Match each complex with its color.
True
True or false: A metal cation may behave as a Lewis acid in water to form a hydrated cation adduct.
[Ar]4s1 3d10
Using the periodic table to locate the element, write the condensed electron configuration of Cu.
[Ar]4s23d5
Using the periodic table to locate the element, write the condensed electron configuration of Mn.
Mg, Fe, Co
What are the central metal ions in each species below? Type the symbol. Do not include the charge. Chlorophyll: Heme: Vitamin B12:
6.4.6
What are the coordination numbers of cobalt(III), platinum(II), and platinum(IV) in complexes?
orange
What color of light is absorbed by a solution that gives rise to an observed blue color?
+2.4
What is the charge and coordination number of K2[CuCl4]?
+3,6
What is the charge and coordination number of [Co(NH3)4(NO2)2]Cl?
5
What is the maximum number of unpaired d electrons that an atom or ion can possess?
4
When MCl4(NH3)2 is dissolved in water and treated with AgNO3, 2 moles of AgCl precipitate immediately for each mole of MCl4(NH3)2. Give the coordination number of M in the complex
ligand, metal. The ligand donates the electrons to form a coordinate covalent bond.
When a complex ion is formed, a filled orbital from the _____ overlaps with an empty orbital from the _____ to form a coordinate covalent bond.
HI, H2O, H3PO3
Which of the following are Arrhenius acids? Select all that apply.
-[Fe(NH3)5(SCN)]2+-[FeCl4]-
Which of the following complex ions contain Fe with a 3+ charge? Select all that apply.
[Xe] 6s24f15d1
Which of the following electron configurations is that of a lanthanide?
Cerium-Gadolinium-Neodymium
Which of the following metals are lanthanides? Select all that apply.
The hybridization of the metal ion determines the geometry of the complex ion formed.The ligand donates an electron pair to the metal.A filled orbital from the ligand overlaps with an empty orbital from the metal ion.
Which of the following options correctly describe the bonding in a complex ion? Select all that apply.
The metal acts as a Lewis base in the formation of the bond because it accepts an electron pair and is therefore a Lewis acid, The ligand donates an electron pair to the metal. Important to remember that the bond is covalent
Which of the following options correctly describe the bonding in a complex ion? Select all that apply.
BF3, SO3, Cu^2+
Which of the following species are Lewis acids? Select all that apply.
-Actinides form highly colored compounds.-All actinides are radioactive.-The actinides have similar outer-electron configurations to the lanthanides.
Which of the following statements correctly describe the actinides? Select all that apply.
-A coordination complex has a complex ion as the cation or anion.-Ligands may be neutral molecules or anions.-The ligands are directly bonded to the central metal cation.
Which of the following statements correctly describe the composition of a coordination complex? Select all that apply.
The coordination number depends on the metal, the oxidation state of the metal, and the specific compound.-The most common coordination number is 6.-The coordination number is the number of donor atoms bonded to the central metal ion.
Which of the following statements correctly describe the coordination number of a complex ion? Select all that apply.
Period 4 is the earliest period that contains transition metals.Most d-block elements have a valence-level electron configuration that corresponds to ns2(n - 1)dx.
Which of the following statements correctly describe the electron configurations of transition metals? Select all that apply.
-The properties of the lanthanides are very similar.-The lanthanides are known as the rare earth elements.-Most lanthanides have an empty valence d sublevel.
Which of the following statements correctly describe the lanthanides? Select all that apply.
Most transition elements display at least two oxidation states.For elements from Groups 3B to 7B, the highest oxidation state observed equals the group number.A +2 oxidation state is very common among transition elements.
Which of the following statements correctly describe the oxidation states for transition metals? Select all that apply.
-The charge on the complex ion is +2.-The central metal ion is Cr3+.
Which of the following statements correctly describe the steps required to determine the charge on the central metal ion in the complex [Cr(H2O)5Br]Cl2? Select all that apply.
Molecules that contain a polar multiple bond. Molecules with electron deficient central atoms
Which of the following types of substances are classified as acids only under the Lewis definition? Select all that apply.
A, B, E
Which of the structures below are its geometric isomers?
Nb^3+, Ni^2+
Which of these ions cannot form both high-spin and low-spin octahedral complexes?
Ti, Zr, and Hf
Which transition metals have a maximum oxidation number of +4?