Quiz 5
According to Herzberg, hygiene factors are sources of job satisfaction and motivator factors are sources of job dissatisfaction.
False
According to Maslow's needs hierarchy, the lower-order needs are esteem and self-actualization.
False
According to acquired needs theory, people with a high need for achievement prefer group responsibilities, weak goals, and infrequent performance feedback.
False
According to the expectancy theory, motivation is low when any one of the three components -- expectancy, instrumentality, or valence -- approaches zero.
True
According to the expectancy theory, work motivation will be high when expectancy and instrumentality are high, and valence is highly positive.
True
Even with a great deal of support for the research on expectancy theory, there are still questions remaining on the multiplier effect.
True
According to the two-factor theory of motivation, all of the following are sources of job dissatisfaction EXCEPT:
work itself
A person can resolve perceived negative inequity by doing all of the following EXCEPT:
working longer hours
A person who likes praise and recognition from his or her supervisor is seeking the satisfaction of the social needs in Maslow's hierarchy.
False
An example of procedural justice occurs when a sexual harassment complaint filed against a man by a woman receives the same consideration as one filed against a woman by a man.
False
ERG theory collapses Alderfer's five need levels into three need categories.
False
Equity theory suggests that motivation results from the individual's attempts to satisfy needs.
False
In MBO, frustration-regression refers to the idea that an already satisfied lower-level need can be activated when a higher-level need cannot be satisfied.
False
In the two-factor theory of motivation, a motivator factor is found in job context, such as working conditions, interpersonal relations, organizational policies, and salary.
False
Maslow's model is easy to understand, quite popular, and the best research evidence supports the existence of a precise five-step hierarchy of needs.
False
McClelland's acquired needs theory is also referred to as motivator-hygiene theory.
False
Motivation refers to the value attached by the individual to various work outcomes.
False
Probably the best example of a process theory is Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory.
False
Research evidence suggests that the needs in Maslow's hierarchy are more likely to operate in a rigid rather than a flexible order.
False
Research indicates that general goals are much more motivational than specific goals.
False
Valence refers to the individual forces that account for the direction, level, and persistence of a person's efforts expended at work.
False
According to equity theory, which of the following exists when an individual feels that he or she has received relatively more than others have received?
Felt positive inequity
Content theories of motivation mainly focus on the physiological and psychological deficiencies that people feel a compulsion to reduce or eliminate.
True
Goals are better motivators when employees accept them and show commitment to their goals.
True
In a management by objectives approach, the supervisor and subordinate jointly establish performance goals, individually act, and jointly evaluate results and recycle the MBO process
True
Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory identifies five levels of individual needs, ranging from physiological needs at the lowest level, through safety, social, and esteem needs, and finally to self-actualization needs at the highest level.
True
McClelland's research suggested that a moderate to high need for power that is stronger than a need for affiliation is linked with success as a senior executive.
True
The five need levels in Maslow's hierarchy may vary according to a person's career stage, the size of the organization, or geographical location.
True
When discussing motivation, direction refers to an individual's choice when presented with a number of possible alternatives.
True
Management by objectives is criticized for placing too much emphasis on all of the following EXECPT:
group instead of individual goals.
All of the following statements describe hygiene factors in the two-factor theory EXCEPT:
improving hygiene factors will make people satisfied with their work.
According to McClelland, it is __________.
possible to teach people to develop need profiles required for success in different jobs
The degree to which the rules and procedures specified by policies are properly followed in all cases to which they are applied is known as __________.
procedural justice
All of the following descriptions of Maslow's needs hierarchy are correct EXCEPT:
the satisfaction of a need at one level will always decrease its importance and increase the importance of the next lower need.
If the average worker can produce 25 ornaments an hour, which goal is likely to lead to the best performance?
28
Which of the following content theories of motivation is associated with the needs for achievement, affiliation, and power?
Acquired needs theory
According to McClelland, someone with a high need for _________ is drawn to interpersonal relationships and opportunities for communication.
Affiliation
With regards to motivation, which of the following best defines direction?
An individual's choice when presented with a number of possible alternatives
___________ is the degree to which all people are treated the same under a policy.
Distributive Justice
Which of the following needs are addressed in Alderfer's theory?
Existence, relatedness, and growth
Which of the following comparisons of Alderfer's ERG theory and Maslow's needs hierarchy is correct?
ERG theory contends that more than one need may be activated at a particular point in time, whereas Maslow's theory does not.
As a manager at Icon International, Nicole is driven by a personal sense of competence, respect from others, and recognition through various awards. According to Maslow, Nicole is driven by which of these needs?
Esteem
According to ERG, ____________ needs reflect a desire for continued personal development.
Growth
In the two-factor theory of motivation, __________ are associated with the job context, such as working conditions, interpersonal relations, organizational policies, and salary.
Hygiene Factors
Which of the following statements about goal setting is INCORRECT?
Less difficult goals are more likely to lead to higher performance than are more difficult goals.
According to Alderfer, which needs reflect a desire for satisfying interpersonal relationships?
Relatedness
Which equation correctly reflects Vroom's expectancy theory of motivation?
Motivation = expectancy X instrumentality X valence
Which statement about acquired needs theory is correct?
People with a high need for achievement prefer individual responsibilities, challenging goals, and performance feedback.
Which of the following needs did Maslow describe as higher-order needs?
Self-actualization and esteem
______ needs tend to take on higher importance in collectivist societies.
Social
_________ conducted research on subconscious goal motivation.
Stajkovic, Locke, and Blair
Which of the following reflects concerns with expectancy theory?
The multiplier effect is still in question.
Abraham Maslow, Clayton Alderfer, David McClelland, and Frederick Herzberg have developed four of the better-known content theories of motivation.
True
According to equity theory, when perceived inequity exists, people will be motivated to act in ways that remove the discomfort and restore a sense of felt equity.
True
In the context of motivation, level refers to __________.
the amount of effort a person puts forth
In the context of motivation, persistence refers to __________.
the length of time a person sticks with a given action