Quiz 5

According to Herzberg, hygiene factors are sources of job satisfaction and motivator factors are sources of job dissatisfaction.

False

According to Maslow's needs hierarchy, the lower-order needs are esteem and self-actualization.

False

According to acquired needs theory, people with a high need for achievement prefer group responsibilities, weak goals, and infrequent performance feedback.

False

According to the expectancy theory, motivation is low when any one of the three components -- expectancy, instrumentality, or valence -- approaches zero.

True

According to the expectancy theory, work motivation will be high when expectancy and instrumentality are high, and valence is highly positive.

True

Even with a great deal of support for the research on expectancy theory, there are still questions remaining on the multiplier effect.

True

According to the two-factor theory of motivation, all of the following are sources of job dissatisfaction EXCEPT:

work itself

A person can resolve perceived negative inequity by doing all of the following EXCEPT:

working longer hours

A person who likes praise and recognition from his or her supervisor is seeking the satisfaction of the social needs in Maslow's hierarchy.

False

An example of procedural justice occurs when a sexual harassment complaint filed against a man by a woman receives the same consideration as one filed against a woman by a man.

False

ERG theory collapses Alderfer's five need levels into three need categories.

False

Equity theory suggests that motivation results from the individual's attempts to satisfy needs.

False

In MBO, frustration-regression refers to the idea that an already satisfied lower-level need can be activated when a higher-level need cannot be satisfied.

False

In the two-factor theory of motivation, a motivator factor is found in job context, such as working conditions, interpersonal relations, organizational policies, and salary.

False

Maslow's model is easy to understand, quite popular, and the best research evidence supports the existence of a precise five-step hierarchy of needs.

False

McClelland's acquired needs theory is also referred to as motivator-hygiene theory.

False

Motivation refers to the value attached by the individual to various work outcomes.

False

Probably the best example of a process theory is Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory.

False

Research evidence suggests that the needs in Maslow's hierarchy are more likely to operate in a rigid rather than a flexible order.

False

Research indicates that general goals are much more motivational than specific goals.

False

Valence refers to the individual forces that account for the direction, level, and persistence of a person's efforts expended at work.

False

According to equity theory, which of the following exists when an individual feels that he or she has received relatively more than others have received?

Felt positive inequity

Content theories of motivation mainly focus on the physiological and psychological deficiencies that people feel a compulsion to reduce or eliminate.

True

Goals are better motivators when employees accept them and show commitment to their goals.

True

In a management by objectives approach, the supervisor and subordinate jointly establish performance goals, individually act, and jointly evaluate results and recycle the MBO process

True

Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory identifies five levels of individual needs, ranging from physiological needs at the lowest level, through safety, social, and esteem needs, and finally to self-actualization needs at the highest level.

True

McClelland's research suggested that a moderate to high need for power that is stronger than a need for affiliation is linked with success as a senior executive.

True

The five need levels in Maslow's hierarchy may vary according to a person's career stage, the size of the organization, or geographical location.

True

When discussing motivation, direction refers to an individual's choice when presented with a number of possible alternatives.

True

Management by objectives is criticized for placing too much emphasis on all of the following EXECPT:

group instead of individual goals.

All of the following statements describe hygiene factors in the two-factor theory EXCEPT:

improving hygiene factors will make people satisfied with their work.

According to McClelland, it is __________.

possible to teach people to develop need profiles required for success in different jobs

The degree to which the rules and procedures specified by policies are properly followed in all cases to which they are applied is known as __________.

procedural justice

All of the following descriptions of Maslow's needs hierarchy are correct EXCEPT:

the satisfaction of a need at one level will always decrease its importance and increase the importance of the next lower need.

If the average worker can produce 25 ornaments an hour, which goal is likely to lead to the best performance?

28

Which of the following content theories of motivation is associated with the needs for achievement, affiliation, and power?

Acquired needs theory

According to McClelland, someone with a high need for _________ is drawn to interpersonal relationships and opportunities for communication.

Affiliation

With regards to motivation, which of the following best defines direction?

An individual's choice when presented with a number of possible alternatives

___________ is the degree to which all people are treated the same under a policy.

Distributive Justice

Which of the following needs are addressed in Alderfer's theory?

Existence, relatedness, and growth

Which of the following comparisons of Alderfer's ERG theory and Maslow's needs hierarchy is correct?

ERG theory contends that more than one need may be activated at a particular point in time, whereas Maslow's theory does not.

As a manager at Icon International, Nicole is driven by a personal sense of competence, respect from others, and recognition through various awards. According to Maslow, Nicole is driven by which of these needs?

Esteem

According to ERG, ____________ needs reflect a desire for continued personal development.

Growth

In the two-factor theory of motivation, __________ are associated with the job context, such as working conditions, interpersonal relations, organizational policies, and salary.

Hygiene Factors

Which of the following statements about goal setting is INCORRECT?

Less difficult goals are more likely to lead to higher performance than are more difficult goals.

According to Alderfer, which needs reflect a desire for satisfying interpersonal relationships?

Relatedness

Which equation correctly reflects Vroom's expectancy theory of motivation?

Motivation = expectancy X instrumentality X valence

Which statement about acquired needs theory is correct?

People with a high need for achievement prefer individual responsibilities, challenging goals, and performance feedback.

Which of the following needs did Maslow describe as higher-order needs?

Self-actualization and esteem

______ needs tend to take on higher importance in collectivist societies.

Social

_________ conducted research on subconscious goal motivation.

Stajkovic, Locke, and Blair

Which of the following reflects concerns with expectancy theory?

The multiplier effect is still in question.

Abraham Maslow, Clayton Alderfer, David McClelland, and Frederick Herzberg have developed four of the better-known content theories of motivation.

True

According to equity theory, when perceived inequity exists, people will be motivated to act in ways that remove the discomfort and restore a sense of felt equity.

True

In the context of motivation, level refers to __________.

the amount of effort a person puts forth

In the context of motivation, persistence refers to __________.

the length of time a person sticks with a given action