Quiz - Antimicrobial Drugs

Which of the following levels of infection control requires providers to wash hands before all procedures and after direct contact with patients, wear gloves when when in contact with non-intact skin, and where a mask during any procedure that is likely to generate aerosolized secretions? A. droplet precautions B. airborne precautions C. Standard precautions D. contact precautions

C. Standard precautions

A nurse is preparing to administer a dose of gentamicin to a patient who is receiving the drug 3 times daily. The nurse will monitor ____ levels. A. serum levels B. peak C. peak and trough D. trough

C. peak and trough

A nurse is explaining to nursing students why a cephalosporin is used in conjunction with an aminoglycoside for a patient with an infection. Which statement by a student indicates understanding? A. "Cephalosporins reduce bacterial resistance to aminoglycosides." B. "Cephalosporins prolong the postantibiotic effects of the aminoglycosides so doses can be decreased." C. "Cephalosporins prevent neuromuscular blockade associated with aminoglycosides." D. "Cephalosporins enhance the actions of aminoglycosides by weakening bacterial cell walls."

D. "Cephalosporins enhance the actions of aminoglycosides by weakening bacterial cell walls."

A nurse is reviewing the culture results of a patient receiving an aminoglycoside. The report reveals an anaerobic organism as the cause of infection. What will the nurse do? A. Request an order for a different class of antibiotic. B. Contact the provider to discuss an increased risk of aminoglycoside toxicity. C. Suggest adding a penicillin to the patient's drug regimen. D. Continue giving the aminoglycoside as ordered.

A. Request an order for a different class of antibiotic.

A patient who has been receiving intravenous gentamicin for several days reports having had a headache for 2 days. The nurse will request an order to: A. discontinue the gentamicin. B. obtain renal function tests to evaluate for potential nephrotoxicity. C. obtain a gentamicin trough before the next dose is given D. give an analgesic to control headache discomfort.

A. discontinue the gentamicin.

A nurse preparing to administer intravenous gentamicin to a patient notes that the dose is half the usual dose for an adult. The nurse suspects that this is because this patient has a history of: A. renal disease B. inter-patient variability C. liver disease D. antibiotic resistance

A. renal disease

A nurse is teaching a nursing student what is meant by "generations" of cephalosporins. Which statement by the student indicates understanding of the teaching? A. "Later generations of cephalosporins have lower resistance to destruction by beta-lactamases." B. "Cephalosporins are assigned to generations based on their relative costs to administer." C. "Cephalosporins have increased activity against gram-negative bacteria with each generation." D. "First-generation cephalosporins have better penetration of the cerebrospinal fluid."

C. "Cephalosporins have increased activity against gram-negative bacteria with each generation."

Which of the following is a benefit of using a combination of two or more antibiotics? A. Reduced risk of severe infection B. Reduced toxicity C. All of these are benefits D. Reduced resistance

C. All of these are benefits

A pregnant adolescent patient asks the nurse whether she should continue to take her prescription for tetracycline [Sumycin] to clear up her acne. Which response by the nurse is correct? A. "Tetracycline is safe to take during pregnancy." B. "Tetracycline will prevent asymptomatic urinary tract infections." C. "Tetracycline may cause allergic reactions in pregnant women." D. "Tetracycline can be harmful to the baby's teeth and should be avoided."

D. "Tetracycline can be harmful to the baby's teeth and should be avoided."

A child with otitis media has had three ear infections in the past year. The child has just completed a 10-day course of amoxicillin [Amoxil] with no improvement. The parent asks the nurse why this drug is not working, because it has worked in the past. What will the nurse tell the patient? A. "The bacteria have developed a three-layer cell envelope." B. "Amoxicillin is too narrow in spectrum." C. "The bacteria have developed penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) that have a low affinity for penicillins." D. "The bacteria have synthesized penicillinase."

D. "The bacteria have synthesized penicillinase."

A child with an ear infection is not responding to treatment with amoxicillin [Amoxil]. The nurse will expect the provider to order: A. nafcillin.. B. penicillin G C. ampicillin. D. amoxicillin-clavulanic acid [Augmentin].

D. amoxicillin-clavulanic acid [Augmentin].

A patient develops CDAD. Which antibiotic is recommended for treating this infection? A. Linezolid [Zyvox] B. Vancomycin C. Clindamycin [Cleocin] D. Chloramphenicol

B. Vancomycin

The vast majority of antibiotic use in the United States is being used... A. to treat human disease B. for agricultural use on livestock C. to treat disease for household pets D. on crops

B. for agricultural use on livestock

A patient who is taking doxycycline for a serious infection contacts the nurse to report anal itching. The nurse will contact the provider to discuss: A. prescribing an antifungal drug to treat a superinfection. B. adding an antihistamine to the patient's drug regimen. C. ordering liver function tests to test for hepatotoxicity. D. testing the patient for a C. difficile secondary infection.

A. prescribing an antifungal drug to treat a superinfection.

The nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving vancomycin [Vancocin]. The nurse notes that the patient is experiencing flushing, rash, pruritus, and urticaria. The patient's heart rate is 120 beats per minute, and the blood pressure is 92/57 mm Hg. The nurse understands that these findings are consistent with: A. red man syndrome. B. Stevens-Johnson Syndrome C. Rhabdomyolosis D. allergic reaction

A. red man syndrome.

The nurse has been caring for a patient who has been taking antibiotics for 3 weeks. Upon assessing the patient, the nurse notices the individual has developed oral thrush. What describes the etiology of the thrush? A. Antibiotic resistance B. Superinfection C. Community Acquired infection D. Nosocomial infection

B. Superinfection

A patient who is receiving intravenous ciprofloxacin for pneumonia develops diarrhea. A stool culture is positive for Clostridium difficile. The nurse will expect the provider to: A. switch to gemifloxacin B. add metronidazole [Flagyl]. C. increase the dose of ciprofloxacin. D. restrict dairy products.

B. add metronidazole [Flagyl].

A nurse assisting a nursing student with medications asks the student to describe how penicillins (PCNs) work to treat bacterial infections. The student is correct in responding that penicillins: A. inhibit autolysins. B. disrupt bacterial cell wall synthesis C. inhibit host cell wall function D. disinhibit transpeptidases

B. disrupt bacterial cell wall synthesis

A patient is diagnosed with an infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus, and the prescriber orders intravenous gentamicin and penicillin (PCN). Both drugs will be given twice daily. What will the nurse do? A. Request an order to change the penicillin to vancomycin B. Give the gentamicin intravenously and the penicillin intramuscularly. C. Administer gentamicin, flush the line, and then give the penicillin. D. Infuse the gentamicin and the penicillin together to prevent fluid overload.

C. Administer gentamicin, flush the line, and then give the penicillin.

A patient with no known drug allergies is receiving amoxicillin [Amoxil] PO twice daily. Twenty minutes after being given a dose, the patient complains of shortness of breath. The patient's blood pressure is 100/58 mm Hg. What will the nurse do? A. Notify the provider if the patient develops a rash. B. Request an order for a skin test to evaluate possible PCN allergy. C. Contact the provider and prepare to administer epinephrine. D. Withhold the next dose until symptoms subside.

C. Contact the provider and prepare to administer epinephrine.

A patient shows signs and symptoms of conjunctivitis (bacterial pink eye). Which aminoglycoside would the nurse expect to be ordered? A. Kanamycin [Kantrex] B. Amikacin [Amikin] C. Neomycin [Neomycin] D. Paromomycin [Humatin]

C. Neomycin [Neomycin]

When people wear face masks in public to reduce the spread of COVID 19 which link in the chain of infection transmission is being interrupted? A. Reservoir B. Susceptibility of victim C. Port of Exit AND Port of Entry D. Port of Entry

C. Port of Exit AND Port of Entry

A patient recently began receiving clindamycin [Cleocin] to treat an infection. After 8 days of treatment, the patient reports having 10 to 15 watery stools per day. What will the nurse tell this patient? A. This is a known side effect of clindamycin, and the patient should consume extra fluids. B. The provider may increase the clindamycin dose to treat this infection. C. The patient should stop taking the clindamycin now and contact the provider immediately. D. The patient should try taking Lomotil or a bulk laxative to minimize the diarrheal symptoms.

C. The patient should stop taking the clindamycin now and contact the provider immediately.

A patient with bronchitis is taking TMP/SMZ, 160/800 mg orally, twice daily. Before administering the third dose, the nurse notes that the patient has a widespread rash, a temperature of 103°F, and a heart rate of 100 beats per minute. The patient looks ill and reports not feeling well. What will the nurse do? A. Administer the dose and request an order for an antipyretic medication. B. Request an order for intravenous TMP/SMZ, because the patient is getting worse. C. Withhold the dose and notify the provider of the symptoms. D. Withhold the dose and request an order for an antihistamine to treat the rash.

C. Withhold the dose and notify the provider of the symptoms.

A 65-year-old patient who receives glucocorticoids for arthritis is admitted to the hospital for treatment of a urinary tract infection. The prescriber has ordered intravenous ciprofloxacin [Cipro]. Before administering the third dose of this drug, the nurse reviews the bacterial culture report and notes that the causative organism is Escherichia coli. The bacterial sensitivity report is pending. The patient complains of right ankle pain. What will the nurse do? A. Request an order to increase this patient's dose of glucocorticoids. B. Question the patient about the consumption of milk and any other dairy products. C. Withhold the dose of ciprofloxacin and notify the provider of the patient's symptoms. D. Instruct the patient to exercise the right foot and ankle to minimize the pain.

C. Withhold the dose of ciprofloxacin and notify the provider of the patient's symptoms.

A nurse is providing education about tetracycline [Sumycin]. Which statement by the patient best demonstrates understanding of the administration of this medication? A. "I should take this antibiotic with a calcium supplement to improve absorption." B. "I should not worry if I experience an acnelike rash with this medication." C. "I should take an antacid, such as Tums, if I experience gastrointestinal distress." D. "I should not take this medication with milk or other dairy products."

D. "I should not take this medication with milk or other dairy products."