Quiz Chapter 12

The gap between American students' performance and that of students from other countries _____ as they move from elementary to middle to high school.

widens

Connie believes that intelligence is fixed. Which of the following is most likely true for Connie?

Connie is likely to be performance-oriented.

Compared to how her grandmother felt when she was an adolescent 50 years ago, how does Femina most likely feel about work?

Femina is more likely to say that it is important to have a job that allows sufficient time for leisure.

Which of the following is the best example of cultural capital?

Jason's father takes him to museums during the summer.

Al's parents expect him to receive all As on his report card, play quarterback for the football team, and win the election for senior class president. When Al came home with a B+ on his report card, his parents grounded him for a month. Al probably will develop:

a fear of failure.

In the United States today, the peer group is most likely to have _______ influence on an adolescent's academic achievement.

a negative

John and Mary want their children to develop a strong achievement motivation. In addition to using an authoritative parenting style, they also should:

encourage their children's successes.

According to the text, Asian children tend to attribute success to:

hard work

Two characteristics of authoritative parents that positively influence their children's school performance are ______ and ______.

healthy beliefs about the child's achievement; less tendency to be over-controlling

Mrs. Kumin wants to help her lower-achieving students. She should:

help them learn to attribute their performance to factors that are under their control.

According to the textbook, which of the following is not an effective form of parental involvement?

helping with homework

Current research addressing sex differences in achievement suggests that:

if differences in math and science are found today, they are very slight.

Which work values are most likely to remain strong over the course of young adulthood, as other work values decline?

intrinsic rewards and job security

Which of the following statements regarding work values is NOT true for adolescents?

Adolescents are able to focus on what they want from a job and identify a few rewards that are most important to them.

According to the textbook, which of the following is a reason that career counselors (especially on college campuses) have come to play an increasingly important role in individuals' career decision making?

The labor market is changing so quickly that it is difficult for adolescents to obtain accurate information about careers from their families.

Which one of the following is NOT a reason that the cognitive changes of adolescence affect achievement?

The personal fable inherent in adolescence will make it difficult for older high school students to realize that, if they do not hard try in school, they may not be accepted into their first- or second-choice universities.

Professor Umbridge takes pleasure in making her students look foolish. She stresses the importance of grades more than mastery of the course material. Her students are likely to demonstrate all of the following, EXCEPT:

a need to outperform their classmates.

The transition from school to work is _________ defined transition.

a socially

Peter, who does exceptionally well in school, is likely to attribute his academic successes and failures to causes such as:

ability and effort

Which term refers to achievement that is measured by standardized tests?

academic achievement

The textbook states that peers are important for all of the following reasons, EXCEPT:

adolescents with an extremely high orientation toward peers tend to perform better in school.

adolescents with an extremely high orientation toward peers tend to perform better in school.

all ethnic groups are different, so there are no measures that help students achieve across all ethnic groups

High school dropouts are more likely than high school graduates to do all of the following, EXCEPT:

begin working earlier

Which of the following is not a problem that young adults face as they crystallize their occupational plans?

being overly pessimistic about their chances for success in the labor market

Which of the following is NOT identified in the textbook as one of the factors that researchers study in connection with how home environment influences adolescents' level of achievement?

cultural factors

Shawn is told by his teacher that the task he is working on is too difficult for him. Therefore, Shawn believes that failure is inevitable. He is likely to develop:

learned helplessness.

Work values are the different types of rewards that individuals expect to receive from their chosen occupation. The textbook discussed all BUT which of the following values?

leverage

Margie sees herself as competent and genuinely enjoys learning. Manny experiences a great deal of anxiety and hesitation when facing a challenge because he doubts his abilities. All he wants to do is receive high grades so his parents won't punish him. Both are A students. Margie is most likely ________ motivated and Manny is most likely ________ motivated.

mastery; performance

One disturbing finding is that there appears to be a drop in students' _____ motivation as they transition from elementary into secondary school; which could be due to the fact that _____.

mastery; teachers become more performance-oriented during this time

The text suggests that one set of factors that may differentiate the academically "rich" from the academically "poor" early in the educational setting is _________ and _________.

motivation to succeed; beliefs about the causes of success and failure

Research on the interaction of the influence of parents and peers suggests all of the following, EXCEPT:

peers have a significantly stronger influence on adolescents than families in countries where students are placed in different schools depending on their long-term educational aspirations and occupational plans.

Compared with students in other countries, U.S. elementary school students_______ students in other countries, and high school students in the United States _______ than their peers in other countries (especially in science and math).

perform as well as; perform more poorly

Whitney's present goal is to get good enough at spelling to earn the school's spelling trophy. Whitney's ambition is an example of:

performance motivation.

Mary comes from an economically disadvantaged household. Her mother went to the school counselor to find out what could be done to help Mary overcome her disadvantage. What did the counselor suggest would help?

positive relations at home

Harry has failed ninth grade this year and has not learned the material he needs to go on to higher grade levels. However, his teachers are debating letting him go on to tenth grade next year so that he does not feel left behind or lose touch with his same-age friends. This practice is called:

social promotion

To the extent individuals believe widely held stereotypes about ethnic or sex differences in ability, the ________ suggests that their performance will be affected, depending on how they expect to perform.

stereotype threat effect

All of the following have been cited as possible explanations for low achievement scores among American students, EXCEPT:

students spend too much time involved in extracurricular activities.