Quizes

Ms. McGill teaches her fourth graders the fundamentals of journalism within the context of having the class "publish" monthly issues of a school newspaper throughout the school year. She makes sure that each student has an opportunity to serve as reporter, writer, editor, and desktop publisher, and she encourages the students to make use of various computer software problems in their research and publication efforts. Which one of the following four forms of instruction does this activity illustrate? • A WebQuest • Service-learning • An authentic activity • Computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL)

An authentic activity

The textbook recommends that when a teacher talks with a student about a chronic pattern of misbehavior, he or she should do so in private rather than in front of classmates. Why? O Because students need to know that a teacher will devote as I much time to misbehavior as necessary. O Because the teacher's remarks will be easier for the student to hear clearly. O Because calling attention to the behavior in front of classmates may be reinforcing. O Because the behavior may be typical for the student's age-group.

Because calling attention to the behavior in front of classmates may be reinforcing.

Which one of the following examples is most consistent with this book's definition of misbehavior? O Angela sucks on a small piece of candy during free time. O Claudette asks Wally how to spell the word separate during a creative writing assignment. O Reuben does his homework on unlined paper when his teacher specifically asked that it be done on lined paper. O Brad refuses to participate in the class volleyball lesson.

Brad refuses to participate in the class volleyball lesson.

Which one of the following alternatives best illustrates an intelligent tutoring system? • Camela is using a computer program to learn about renewable energies (e.g., solar power, wind power). The program includes interactions with a virtual "teacher" who asks her questions and tailors feedback and further instruction to her current understandings. • Lucie shows exceptional promise in creative writing, so her teacher arranges for her to meet weekly with a local novelist who has written three best-selling novels. • Michael is playing a computer game in which he must solve multiplication problems in order to earn the "ammunition" he needs to kill invaders from outer space. •Sergio is using a computer program to study the geography of various Asian countries. The program presents information about each country in a series of paragraphs; when Sergio has finished each paragraph, he presses the space bar to proceed to the next one. At the end of the program, he answers a number of quiz items that will assess what he has and hasn't learned.

Camela is using a computer program to learn about renewable energies (e.g., solar power, wind power). The program includes interactions with a virtual "teacher" who asks her questions and tailors feedback and further instruction to her current understandings.

Students in three fifth-grade classes-one each in Canada, Ireland, and Nigeria-have been working together to create an informative website that describes the harmful effects of various greenhouse gases (e.g., methane, nitrous oxide, chlorofluorocarbons). Through frequent emails and video conferences, students in the three classes can build on one another's ideas to create various web pages they will include on the website. Which one of the following four instructional strategies best captures the complex nature of what students are doing here? • Class discussion • Cooperative learning • Cognitive apprenticeship • Computer-supported collaborative learning

Computer-supported collaborative learning

Imagine that you are a high school English teacher who wants to help students make meaningful sense of dialogues in Shakespeare's Hamlet, in which the speakers often mean something other than what their words specifically say. Which one of the following instructional methods would be most appropriate for this situation? O Conducting a class discussion. O Asking lower-level questions. O Providing direct instruction. O Using an intelligent tutoring system.

Conducting a class discussion.

Imagine that you are a fourth-grade teacher who wants to teach students to distinguish among various parts of speech (e.g., nouns, verbs.) quickly and accurately so that they will be better able to benefit from an introductory Spanish course the following year. Which one of the following instructional methods would probably be your best choice when teaching your students about parts of speech? O Discovery learning O Direct instruction O Service learning O Cooperative learning

Direct instruction

A parent who has four children in your school district asks you, "Is there a single 'best' approach to instruction?" Which one of the following statements is the most accurate response to this question? • "There isn't necessarily a single best approach, but in general student directed approaches are more effective than teacher-directed approaches." • "Yes, current research indicates that cooperative learning activities are generally the best approach for students of all ages." • "No. Students of all ages learn at different rates. Indeed, the best approach for even a single student can vary depending on the task and situation." • "Yes, but the best approach differs by grade level. Typically, direct instruction is better for elementary students, whereas student-directed approaches are better for adolescents."

"No. Students of all ages learn at different rates. Indeed, the best approach for even a single student can vary depending on the task and situation."

Only one of the following instructional goals/objectives is consistent with recommended practices. Which one? O "Students should be sufficiently proficient in first-year algebra that they will have the skills they need in advanced algebra." O "The teacher will explain two different approaches to conducting a successful Internet search on the topic of erosion." O "Students will be able to distinguish among different rhythmic styles in poetry (e.g., iambic pentameter, trochaic tetrameter)." O "The teacher will ensure that all topics in the school district's eighth-grade math curriculum are covered by the end of the school year."

"Students will be able to distinguish among different rhythmic styles in poetry (e.g., iambic pentameter, trochaic tetrameter)."

A teacher might ask any of the following questions during a social studies unit about Central America. Which one is the best example of a higher-level question (as opposed to a lower-level one)? O "What is the capital of Nicaragua?" O "What two oceans might you see if you were to travel to Central America?" O "What things might happen if the country of Panama decided to close the Panama Canal?" O What Native American cultural group did Hernan Cortes encounter as he traveled across the Yucatan peninsula?"

"What things might happen if the country of Panama decided to close the Panama Canal?"

Only one of the following alternatives is a possible conclusion that a teacher might reach after conducting a subject matter task analysis. Which one is a legitimate conclusion from a subject matter task analysis? O A teacher concludes that the best way to teach a complex athletic skill is by breaking it down into several simpler behaviors and teaching each one separately. O A teacher concludes that a course in government should be a requirement for all students. O teacher concludes that teaching a particular skill to a class of fifth graders might impose too heavy a load on students' working memories. O A teacher concludes that she needs to teach certain topics before she can teach certain other topics.

A teacher concludes that she needs to teach certain topics before she can teach certain other topics.

Mr. Kelly wants his eighth-grade language arts students to do more than just understand what he is teaching them about sentence structure in the English language. For example, he wants his students to be able to identify every pronoun in a sentence and then identify each pronoun's function in the sentence (e.g., whether it is the subject, direct object, Indirect object, or object of a preposition). Based on Bloom's taxonomy (2001 revision), what level of complexity is involved in this instructional objective? O Create O Remember O Analyze O Evaluate

Analyze

Three of the following practices are consistent with the book's guidelines for using punishment to reduce inappropriate behavior. Which one violates these guidelines? O Explicitly teach students more appropriate behavior. O Give reasons why the punished behavier cannot be tolerated. O Assign extra classwork when students have been especially disruptive O Let students know in advance what behaviors will be punished and with what consequences.

Assign extra classwork when students have been especially disruptive

Ms. Kalani wants to teach her students how to solve for x in simple algebraic equations. She plans to begin by reviewing relevant material from previous lessons, writing the lesson objective on the board, reading it aloud, and then presenting a small amount of new information. In presenting the new information, she will ensure that students can answer such questions as "What is an equation?" and "What is an unknown in an equation?" She will introduce the steps involved in solving equations by modeling relevant problem-solving strategies and using a variety of examples. Then she will give students new equations to solve; as they do so, she will circulate around the classroom to see what problems students are encountering, check students' progress, and provide guidance as needed. Which one of the following instructional methods is Ms. Kalani planning to use here? O IRE cycle O Intelligent tutoring O Direct instruction O Student-directed instructior

Direct instruction

Judging from the brief descriptions below, which one of these four teachers is using a mastery learning approach to instruction? O Ms. Alfonso gives examinations in which different students are asked different questions, depending on individual students' needs and interests O Mr. Bryant assigns term papers and oral reports rather than in-class examinations. O Ms. Carroll uses the highest four of a student's six exam scores to determine course grades. O Mr. Dickson insists that students pass each end-of-unit quiz at an 85% level or above before they can begin the next unit in the curriculum.

Mr. Dickson insists that students pass each end-of-unit quiz at an 85% level or above before they can begin the next unit in the curriculum.

Only one of the following four teaching strategies has been consistently shown to be effective in structuring a peer tutoring session. Which one? • Tell tutors how long they should spend on each topic they are helping their classmates learn. • Remind tutors that they should ask at least ten questions during a tutoring session. • Give students examples of the kinds of questions they might ask one another. • Give the students being tutored an upper limit on the number of questions they can ask their tutor.

Give students examples of the kinds of questions they might ask one another.

As Lucas hurries past Melanie to get to his seat in Spanish class, he unintentionally knocks Melanie's loose-leaf notebook off her desk. The notebook falls to the floor, and some of the pages fall out. Lucas is obviously embarrassed and offers to help put the notebook back together again. As a result of the disturbance, Ms. Winston must wait a minute before she can begin class. Which one of the following things should Ms. Winston do in response to Lucas's behavior? O Ignore it to the extent that she can do so. O Remind the class of the importance of respecting other people's possessions. O Impose a mild punishment; for example, have Lucas stay after school for 30 minutes. O Have a private conference with Lucas about the importance of being careful.

Ignore it to the extent that she can do so.

Using the guidelines presented in this section of the chapter, choose the topic below that would be most appropriate for a classroom discussion. • Studying the history of the United Nations. • Interpreting Edgar Allan Poe's poem "The Raven." • Learning the various tenses of the verb to be. • Learning how such words as right, fight, and sight are spelled.

Interpreting Edgar Allan Poe's poem "The Raven."

Which one of the following instructional strategies best reflects teacher-directed instruction? O Mr. Bradford asks his students to identify an environmental problem that they can study together as a class and for which they identify possible solutions. O Mr. Broome describes and illustrates various types of mountains (e.g., volcanic mountains, folded mountains). O Ms. Branom identifies several students who have a good understanding of latitude and longitude and asks those students to assist classmates who are still struggling with these concepts. O Ms. Brown breaks her students into groups of four or five students each and asks each group to (1) choose a short story the class has recently read, (2) write a short script for a play based on the story, and then (3) perform the play for the rest of the class.

Mr. Broome describes and illustrates various types of mountains (e.g., volcanic mountains, folded mountains).

Which one of the following alternatives is the best example of a discovery learning approach to instruction? • Mr. Tseng gives his students a free day to spend in the library reading about whatever subjects they like. • Mr. Vance takes his students to a local marshy area and asks them to describe and categorize the different life forms they find there. • Ms. Haxten instructs her drama students to think about what their characters are like as they memorize their lines for a play. • Ms. Markowitz instructs her students to take notes during her lecture and then goes over the notes with them to make sure that they understand the material.

Mr. Vance takes his students to a local marshy area and asks them to describe and categorize the different life forms they find there.

Which one of the following alternatives is the best example of an advance organizer? O Ms. Hillman tells her students, "Tomorrow we will begin a unit on the American Civil War. Over the next two weeks, we will examine the reasons for the war, the strengths and weaknesses of both the North and the South, and the reasons for the North's eventual victory." O After describing the characteristics of each of the planets in the solar system, Mr. Jeffrey gives his students a handout that shows the orbits of the planets, their distances from the sun, and their relative sizes. O Ms. Lawford tells her students, "On Monday we will begin a unit on how clouds are formed. Please read the next chapter in your science book before then." O Ms. Nicholas writes on the board, "Tell your parents to begin thinking about a costume that they might help you assemble to wear in our Thanksgiving pageant next month."

Ms. Hillman tells her students, "Tomorrow we will begin a unit on the American Civil War. Over the next two weeks, we will examine the reasons for the war, the strengths and weaknesses of both the North and the South, and the reasons for the North's eventual victory."

Which one of the following instructional strategies best reflects student-directed instruction? O Ms. Koza has her students work in groups of three to search the Internet for information regarding the pros and cons of fracking as a technique for accessing underground reservoirs of oil and natural gas. O At the beginning of the semester, Ms. McCauley gives her students a syllabus listing the chapters they should read in their textbook each week. O Mr. Bouthot makes sure that his chemistry students have mastered the periodic table of elements before he moves on to explanations of common chemical compounds OMr. Arrington demonstrates the proper way to conduct a research project: Step 1, State a research question or hypothesis; Step 2, Identify an appropriate strategy for collecting data; Step 3, Collect the data; and so on.

Ms. Koza has her students work in groups of three to search the Internet for information regarding the pros and cons of fracking as a technique for accessing underground reservoirs of oil and natural gas.

Imagine that, as a teacher, you want to help a student named Mason gain better social skills. You think that praise for socially appropriate behavior might be a good approach. If so, which one of the following strategies is most important for you to use? O Also use negative reinforcement to discourage inappropriate behaviors. O Occasionally praise Mason even when his behavior isn't appropriate. O Also give Mason a concrete reinforcer (e.g., a small piece of candy) each time he interacts appropriately with peers. O Observe Mason's behavior to see if his interpersonal skills improve as a result of your efforts to praise him.

Observe Mason's behavior to see if his interpersonal skills improve as a result of your efforts to praise him.

Three of the following strategies are consistent with the textbook's recommendations for talking with parents about a student's misbehavior. Which one is not consistent with the textbook's recommendations? O Ask for parents' opinions regarding possible reasons for the misbehavior. O Point out that the parents are partly to blame for the misbehavior. O Acknowledge that raising children in this day and age is a challenging task O Try to reach an agreement with the parents regarding an appropriate strategy for dealing with the misbehavior.

Point out that the parents are partly to blame for the misbehavior.

Mr. Zalakova wants his high school biology students to be able to recognize key organs in a frog before they proceed to a lab activity involving dissection of actual frogs. To enable his students to accomplish this objective, he has them work their way through a computer software program in which they virtually "travel" through various parts of the frog's body. Is his instructional strategy likely to be an effective one? Why or why not? • Probably yes. Well-designed computer simulations can be highly engaging and informative. • Probably yes. Mr. Zalakova is conducting differentiated instruction, which can maximize every student's learning and achievement. • Probably yes. This activity is likely to significantly enhance students' general reading literacy skills. • Probably not. Although elementary school students may enjoy this kind of fantasy "travel," high school students are apt to find it boring.

Probably yes. Well-designed computer simulations can be highly engaging and informative.

Six weeks ago, Heath moved to your school district and has been a student in your middle school science class. Although he eagerly engages in any activities that involve math or drawing, he stubbornly resists doing any assignments that require reading. Which one of the following strategies is probably your best course of action at this point? O Remind Heath of the importance of completing all assignments. O Schedule a private conference with Heath. O Ignore the behavior for a few more welts because Heath is probably still getting accustomed to your classroom procedures. O Consult with the school psychologist about designing a systematic intervention, perhaps one involving positive behavioral interventions and supports (PBIS).

Schedule a private conference with Heath.

Teachers must consider cultural differences when dealing with students' inappropriate classroom behaviors. Among other things, teachers must keep one of the following points in mind: the other three alternatives are false. Which alternative is true? O In most cultures, parents deal severely with children when they misbehave at home. O Students from some minority cultures will actively resist being taught in any language except their native tongue. O Some behaviors that a teacher thinks is inappropriate may be perfectly acceptable in a student's culture. O Many cultures place little value on the importance of formal education.

Some behaviors that a teacher thinks is inappropriate may be perfectly acceptable in a student's culture.

Judging from the textbook's discussion of educational research, which one of the following would be the best course of action for teachers to take? O Teachers shouldn't take research findings very seriously, because there are too many gaps in the knowledge we've gained from research. O Teachers should focus on research that relates to a single theoretical perspective (such as Piaget's theory or information processing theory). O Teachers can use findings from educational research to guide their classroom decision making. O Teachers should always go with their common sense and "gut" feelings about how to teach, regardless of any research findings to the contrary.

Teachers can use findings from educational research to guide their classroom decision making.