Quizlet questions

self-monitoring

track eating behaviors, help people gain a better. understanding of their habits and reveal patterns -that leads to weight gain.

mode

type of exercise performed

decrease in glucose = decrease in ...

insulin production

How many carbohydrates per kg body weight should you consume after 1 hour of exercise and at a 2 hour intervals for up to 6 hours?

1-1.5 grams

protein metabolism begins after proteins are degraded into _____ _____?

Amino Acids

2 steps of anaerobic glycolysis pathway

glycolysis and conversion of pyruvate to lactate

internal body temp reaches 104 degrees F

heatstroke

riboflavin and niacin

help assist and transfer H from energy-yielding compounds to O2

substitute fried food with baked foods to....

help save calories

heat stroke

hot dry skin, poor circulation and elevated temp

alcohol dehydrogenase pathway occurs

in cytoplasm

incomplete breakdown of fat creates

ketones

Fruity breathe

ketosis

after digestion and absorption most nutrients pass through the _______.

liver

liver=excretion in urine

liver

where is glycogen stored in the body?

liver and muscles

genes can influence body weight by determining

metabolic rate, body type and factors that influence hunger and satiety

glycogen stored on site is broken down to maintain glucose levels

muscle cell

why is glycogen synthesis increased immediately after strenuous exercise?

muscles= insulin sensitive after exercise

disadvantages of the anaerobic pathway?

only about 5% of energy available from glucose is released and it CAN'T sustain ATP production for long

people with PKU need to avoid foods containing high amounts of

phenylalanine

BMI standards are NOT appropriate for who?

pregnant women, children, and teens

Glycolysis functions

produce energy and provide building blocks for synthesizing other needed compounds

lipolysis

triglycerides broken down into fatty acids and glycerol

Fatty acids CANNOT be converted to glucose

true (pyruvate can be)

T or F The branched-chain amino acids are mainly metabolized in the muscles?

TRUE

2 functions of glycolysis

1. provide building blocks for synthesizing other needed compounds 2. produce energy

typical recommendations for protein intake for athletes range from ...

1.2-1.7 grams

Carbohydrates can be used for fat synthesis, glycerol part of triglycerides can be used to make glucose, and carbon skeletons from some amino acids can convert to glucose

ALL TRUE!

more efficient to convert energy in glucose to energy stored as ATP (anaerobic or aerobic)

Aerobic!

During a high intensity exercise muscle cells rely heavily on __________ glycolysis to produce ATP? -Anabolic -Anaerobic -Aerobic Catabolic

Anaerobic -occurs quickly (HIIT) to produce energy w/out Oxygen

The removal of the amino group from an amino acid (amino group that contains nitrogen)

ammonia

Someone w/PKU should avoid these foods

Eggs, milk and meats

Which yields the most ATP? -Fatty Acid -Glucose -Protein

Fatty acid!

Gluconeogenesis occurs where? And what is gluconeogenesis?

Kidney and Liver Cells -pathway used to produce glucose from amino acids

During anaerobic glycolysis which compounds can regenerate or accumulate?

Lactate and NAD+

excessive to moderate alcohol intake body uses what pathway

MEOS

what pathway is used during moderate to excessive alcohol consumption?

MEOS (ME-OHHs don't feel so good bc too much alc)

E Trans chain occurs where?

Mitochondria

vit that help assist dehydrogenase enzymes and transfer hydrogens --> to oxygen in METABOLIC pathway

Niacin and Riboflavin

heat exhaustion

Profuse sweating, excessive thirst, elevated temp, headache and dizziness

True or false? Type 2 diabetes, hypertension and sleep disorders relate to obesity

True

T or F? W/out sufficient insulin cells can't utilize glucose resulting in rapid lipolysis and excess production of ketone bodies

True!

True of False? glycogen= main storage of glucose

True!

True or False variety in exercise helps to prevent boredom and work diff muscle groups

True! -it doesn't aid in increasing adipose tissue (fat) bc it decreases it

weight cycling

a repeated pattern of losing and regaining body weight

ATP is made of

adenine, and 3 phosphates

which process is more efficient in converting energy in glucose to energy stored in as ATP?

aerobic metabolism

periods of growth - new tissues being made (body is in anabolic or catabolic?)

anabolic = building

In cells w/out mitochondria and when oxygen is lacking

anaerobic met is used to produce ATP

the breakdown of liver glycogen to maintain glucose levels

bloodstream

weight loss and cancer= catabolic or anabolic?

catabolic= breakdown

ATP is _______recycled. -constantly -never -occasionally

constantly

ATP formed from

fatty acids, amino acids, and glucose

low levels of insulin promote

gluconeogenesis, protein breakdown, and lipolysis

Prader-Willi Syndrome

shortness of breathe, mental slowness and uncontrollable appetite.

increased insulin levels promote

synthesis of glycogen, fat, and protein

Newborn screening

test for metabolic or genetic disorders