Quizlet questions
self-monitoring
track eating behaviors, help people gain a better. understanding of their habits and reveal patterns -that leads to weight gain.
mode
type of exercise performed
decrease in glucose = decrease in ...
insulin production
How many carbohydrates per kg body weight should you consume after 1 hour of exercise and at a 2 hour intervals for up to 6 hours?
1-1.5 grams
protein metabolism begins after proteins are degraded into _____ _____?
Amino Acids
2 steps of anaerobic glycolysis pathway
glycolysis and conversion of pyruvate to lactate
internal body temp reaches 104 degrees F
heatstroke
riboflavin and niacin
help assist and transfer H from energy-yielding compounds to O2
substitute fried food with baked foods to....
help save calories
heat stroke
hot dry skin, poor circulation and elevated temp
alcohol dehydrogenase pathway occurs
in cytoplasm
incomplete breakdown of fat creates
ketones
Fruity breathe
ketosis
after digestion and absorption most nutrients pass through the _______.
liver
liver=excretion in urine
liver
where is glycogen stored in the body?
liver and muscles
genes can influence body weight by determining
metabolic rate, body type and factors that influence hunger and satiety
glycogen stored on site is broken down to maintain glucose levels
muscle cell
why is glycogen synthesis increased immediately after strenuous exercise?
muscles= insulin sensitive after exercise
disadvantages of the anaerobic pathway?
only about 5% of energy available from glucose is released and it CAN'T sustain ATP production for long
people with PKU need to avoid foods containing high amounts of
phenylalanine
BMI standards are NOT appropriate for who?
pregnant women, children, and teens
Glycolysis functions
produce energy and provide building blocks for synthesizing other needed compounds
lipolysis
triglycerides broken down into fatty acids and glycerol
Fatty acids CANNOT be converted to glucose
true (pyruvate can be)
T or F The branched-chain amino acids are mainly metabolized in the muscles?
TRUE
2 functions of glycolysis
1. provide building blocks for synthesizing other needed compounds 2. produce energy
typical recommendations for protein intake for athletes range from ...
1.2-1.7 grams
Carbohydrates can be used for fat synthesis, glycerol part of triglycerides can be used to make glucose, and carbon skeletons from some amino acids can convert to glucose
ALL TRUE!
more efficient to convert energy in glucose to energy stored as ATP (anaerobic or aerobic)
Aerobic!
During a high intensity exercise muscle cells rely heavily on __________ glycolysis to produce ATP? -Anabolic -Anaerobic -Aerobic Catabolic
Anaerobic -occurs quickly (HIIT) to produce energy w/out Oxygen
The removal of the amino group from an amino acid (amino group that contains nitrogen)
ammonia
Someone w/PKU should avoid these foods
Eggs, milk and meats
Which yields the most ATP? -Fatty Acid -Glucose -Protein
Fatty acid!
Gluconeogenesis occurs where? And what is gluconeogenesis?
Kidney and Liver Cells -pathway used to produce glucose from amino acids
During anaerobic glycolysis which compounds can regenerate or accumulate?
Lactate and NAD+
excessive to moderate alcohol intake body uses what pathway
MEOS
what pathway is used during moderate to excessive alcohol consumption?
MEOS (ME-OHHs don't feel so good bc too much alc)
E Trans chain occurs where?
Mitochondria
vit that help assist dehydrogenase enzymes and transfer hydrogens --> to oxygen in METABOLIC pathway
Niacin and Riboflavin
heat exhaustion
Profuse sweating, excessive thirst, elevated temp, headache and dizziness
True or false? Type 2 diabetes, hypertension and sleep disorders relate to obesity
True
T or F? W/out sufficient insulin cells can't utilize glucose resulting in rapid lipolysis and excess production of ketone bodies
True!
True of False? glycogen= main storage of glucose
True!
True or False variety in exercise helps to prevent boredom and work diff muscle groups
True! -it doesn't aid in increasing adipose tissue (fat) bc it decreases it
weight cycling
a repeated pattern of losing and regaining body weight
ATP is made of
adenine, and 3 phosphates
which process is more efficient in converting energy in glucose to energy stored in as ATP?
aerobic metabolism
periods of growth - new tissues being made (body is in anabolic or catabolic?)
anabolic = building
In cells w/out mitochondria and when oxygen is lacking
anaerobic met is used to produce ATP
the breakdown of liver glycogen to maintain glucose levels
bloodstream
weight loss and cancer= catabolic or anabolic?
catabolic= breakdown
ATP is _______recycled. -constantly -never -occasionally
constantly
ATP formed from
fatty acids, amino acids, and glucose
low levels of insulin promote
gluconeogenesis, protein breakdown, and lipolysis
Prader-Willi Syndrome
shortness of breathe, mental slowness and uncontrollable appetite.
increased insulin levels promote
synthesis of glycogen, fat, and protein
Newborn screening
test for metabolic or genetic disorders
