Quizzes for ONE 1 Midterm

List 3 of the 5 senses that are carried by the posterior column.

1. Vibration 2. 2 point discrimination 3. stereognosis

How many cranial nerves does the brain stem contain?

9 of the 12 nuclei of the cranial nerves.

Symptoms such as emotional lability, confusion, amnesia, personality changes, urinary incontinence and contralateral hemiplegia or hemiparesis that is greater in the lower than upper extremities are associated with which of the following types of arterial occlusions?

Anterior cerebral artery (ACA)

What is the DTR for C5?

Biceps

What is the myotome for L5?

Big toe extension

A patient comes in complaining of numbness along the lateral aspect of their entire right arm, from the shoulder all the way down to the first two fingers. You determine the lung and large intestine channels are involved. Which two nerve roots do you suspect may be involved?

C5, C6

Which cranial nerve innervates the levator palpebrae muscle?

CN III

Which cranial nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle?

CN IV

Impairment of which cranial nerve will result in internal strabismus (eye is fixed at or tends to the medial canthus)?

CN VI

Which cranial nerve's primary function is to abduct the eye?

CN VI

CSF is produced by the ______________, which are located in the ventricles of the brain.

Choroid plexuses

Which of the following carries subconscious proprioception?

Dorsal & ventral spinocerebellar tracts

Describe a present Babinski's response

Dorsiflexion of the great toe & fanning of the other 4 toes. Present response is normal in infants up to 6 months of age.

If there is a lesion in the right optic nerve, there will be a visual defect in which of the following areas?

Entire Right eye

True or false? Cranial nerves I and II originate in the brainstem.

False

Which of the following carries sensory information from the lower part of the body?

Fasciculus gracilis

Describe how you would perform George's Test. Be sure to include the instructions you would give the patient and what you are watching for.

I would have the patient seated. My instructions would include that I would be rotating their neck and that it may be slightly uncomfortable. I would then rotate & extend their neck, hold either my finger or another object in their lateral vision and make sure that their eyes are not strained in order to eliminate the chance of "false" nystagmus. I'd hold the position 20-30 seconds and ask whether they were experiencing dizziness, light-headedness, headaches, nausea, any sort of visual disturbances and pay attention for nystagmus. A positive response would mean vascular impairment. I would then repeat the test on the other side.

A patient comes in complaining of weakness in their left leg. You do a full myotome and DTR exam of the lower extremities. Findings on the right leg are all unremarkable. For the left leg, you note the following results: Hip flexion: rated a 5 Knee extension: rated a 2 Ankle dorsiflexion & inversion: rated a 3 Big toe extension: rated a 5 Ankle plantarflexion & eversion: rated a 5 Patellar reflex: rated a 1+ Achilles reflex: rated a 2+ Which two nerve roots do you suspect may be involved?

L3 & L4

Which nerve root is tested using the patellar DTR?

L4

Which nerve root's dermatome involves the medial lower leg?

L4

Which nerve root's myotome is tested using ankle dorsiflexion and inversion?

L4

Which of the following carries 90% of motor fibers?

Lateral coritcospinal tract

Which of the following carries pain and temperature sensory information?

Lateral spinothalamic tract

A lesion in the spinal cord on the right side of L1 would result in a loss of pain and temperature sensation where?

Left leg only

A lesion in the brain on the left side would result in a loss of motor function where?

Right arm & right leg

A lesion in the brain on the left side would result in a loss of pain and temperature sensation where?

Right arm and right leg

If there is a lesion in the left optic tract, there will be a visual defect in which of the following?

Right visual field of both eyes

Describe how to perform the test for cranial nerve I.

Show & ask the patient to close off one of their nostrils & close both eyes, then use an obvious smell like peppermint, lemon, or coffee to see if the patient can identify the smell. Repeat with a different scent for the other nostril.

Which nerve root's dermatome involves the medial aspect of the upper arm?

T1

Which of the following arteries enter the Circle of Willis, bringing oxygenated blood from the heart up to the Circle of Willis?

The internal carotid artery (ICA) and the vertebrobasilar artery (VBA)

If red blood cells (RBCs) are found in a sample of CSF, what would this most likely indicate?

There may be a hemorrhage in the CNS

True or False? The basal ganglia is primarily concerned with motor control and filters out incorrect or inappropriate movements.

True

True or false? At the optic chiasm, only the nasal portion of each optic nerve crosses over to become part of the contralateral optic tract.

True

What is George's Test screening for?

Vascular impairment (for vertebrobasilar insufficiency)

Symptoms such as coma, miotic pupils, decerebrate rigidity, respiratory and circulatory abnormalities and possibly death are associated with which of the following types of arterial occlusions?

Vertebrobasilar artery (VBA)

Upper motor neurons (UMNs) begin in the brain and end in the spinal cord at the _________________ horn.

anterior

What is the dermatome for C7?

middle finger into hand

If there is a lesion in the optic chiasm, there will be a visual defect in which of the following?

peripheral vision

Name the part of the diencephalon that acts as a sensory relay center where information is sorted, edited, and sent to the appropriate area.

thalamus

What is the myotome for C6?

wrist extension