R103 Exam 2
What is the CR orientation for the axiolateral projection of the elbow (Coyle method) to demonstrate the coronoid process when the patient is seated
angled 45 degrees away from the shoulder
the superimposed coronoid and radial fat pads, which lie in the coronoid and radial fossae of the anterior humerus form the
anterior fat pad
which of the following should be used to image the radial head on a trauma paitent
axiolateral projection (coyle method) of elbow joint
which carpal bone does not articulate with the radius
capitate
which structure articulates with the radius to form the humeroradial joint
capitulum
which of the following articulates with the bases of metacarpal bones
carpal bones
which bones are classified as short bones
carpals
which joint is the most distal articulation of the wrist
carpometacarpal
which joints of the hand are formed by the articulation of the bases of the metacarpals wit the bones of the wrist
carpometacarpal (CMC)
which depression is located on the anterior surface of the distal humerus
coronoid fossa
posterior fat pad
covers the largest area and lies within the olecranon fossa of the posterior humerus
which description best explains how radial cross over occurs when the forearm is demonstrated
during the AP projection, the hand is pronated
in which joint is the capitulum located
elbow
in which joint is the trochlea located
elbow
exposure factor conversions necessary for cast radiography of upper extremity
fiberglass: increase mAs 25% or 4 kVp plaster medium: increase mAs 50% or 7 kVp plaster large: increase mAs 100% or 10 kVp
what is the centering point for the CR on the AP projection of the thumb
first MCP joint
which articulation of the upper extremity is a saddle joint that allows the thumb to oppose the fingers
first carpometacarpal
For the axiolateral projection (Coyle method) of the elbow to demonstrate the coronoid process, the elbow is:
flexed 80 degrees
how should the hand be positioned for the PA oblique projection of the hand
from the prone position, rotate the hand radial side up
what other name refers to the carpal bone known as the trapezium
greater multangular
what is the roughened process of the humerus superior and lateral to the intertubercular groove
greater tubercle
upper extremities include
hand forearm arm shoulder girdle
which bony structures are located on the proximal radius
head and tuberosity
carpals
8 bones of the wrist
how many interphalangeal joints are found in one upper extremity
9
from the prone position, how many degrees should a finger be rotated for the lateral projection of that finger
90 degrees
how much should the elbow be flexed for lateral projection of the elbow
90 degrees
which two structures articulate to form the proximal radioulnar joint
head of radius & radial notch of ulna
which two structures articulate to form the distal radioulnar joint
head of ulna and ulnar notch of radius
which type of joint is the elbow
hinge
which articulations do the trochlea and the trochlear notch form
humeroulnar
which projection and position of the upper extremity best demonstrates the coronoid process in profile and free of superimposition
AP oblique of the elbow, medially rotated
which depression is located on the posterior surface of the distal humerus
olecranon fossa
Which large bony process is easily located by touching on the posterior aspect of the proximal forearm
olecranon process
which bony structures are located on the proximal end of the ulna
radial notch, olecranon process, and coronoid process
which structure is located on the lateral aspect of the distal forearm
radial styloid process
which joint is the most proximal articulation of the wrist
radiocarpal
forearm contains
radius and ulna
which bones comprise the forearm
radius and ulna
which two carpal bones are the most lateral bones of the wrist
scaphoid and trapezium
which bones are located in the proximal row of the wrist
scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform
which projection of the elbow best demonstrates the radial head free of bony superimpositon
AP oblique, lateral rotation
which joint is formed by the articulation of the distal end of the middle phalanx with the proximal end of the distal phalanx of the index finger?
DIP joint of the second digit
what is the appropriate collimated field for all projections of the thumb
1 inch on all sides of the digit, including 1 inch proximal to the CMC joint
what is the appropriate collimation field for the PA projection of the second digit
1 inch on all sides of the digit, including 1 inch proximal to the MCP joint
what is the appropriate collimated field for he PA projection of the hand
1 inch on all sides of the hand, including 1 inch proximal to the ulnar styloid
which wrist projection requires that the IR be inclined toward the elbow at an angle of 20 degrees from horizontal
PA axial (stecher method)
which projection of the wrist best demonstrated the scaphoid carpal and its related articulations
PA projection, ulnar deviation position
which projection of the wrist corrects foreshortening of the scaphoid carpal bone
PA with ulnar deviation
phalanges
14 bones of the digits
for lateral projections of the 2-5 digits of the hand, through which joint should the central ray e directed
PIP joint
what is the centering point for the CR for the PA projection for the 3rd finger
PIP joint of the third digit
what is the appropriated collimation field for all projections of the forearm
2 inches distal to the wrist and proximal to the elbow; 1 inch on the sides
what is the appropriate collimation field for the PA projection of the wrist
2.5 inches proximal and distal to the wrist joint and 1 inch on the sides
the hand consists of...
27 bones
how many articulations does the humerus have
3
what is the appropriate collimated field for the AP elbow
3 inches proximal and distal to the elbow joint and 1 inch on the side
which joint is formed by the articulation of the proximal end of the middle phalanx with the distal end of the proximal phalanx of the ring finger?
PIP of fourth digit
for the PA projection of the hand, where should the CR be directed to
3rd MCP
which digit of the hand produces the greatest OID in the lateral projection of that digit
3rd digit
from the prone position how many degrees should a hand be rotated for the PA oblique projection of that hand
45 degrees
from the prone position, how many degrees should a finger be rotated for the PA oblique projection of that finger
45 degrees
what is the direction and amount of central ray angulation for the axiolateral projection (coyle method) to demonstrate the radial head and capitulum
45 degrees toward the shoulder
how many metacarpal bones are found in one upper extremity
5
metcarpals
5 bones of the palm
which wrist positioning maneuver opens the carpal interspaces on the lateral side of the wrsit
ulnar deviation
which bony structures are located on the distal end of the ulna
ulnar head and styloid process
which structure is located on the medial side of the distal forearm
ulnar styloid process
what other name refers to the carpal bone known as the hamate
unciform
which digit of the hand produces the least OID in the lateral projection of that hand
second digit
for the PA projection of the wrist, which positioning maneuver should be used to place the anterior surface of the wrist in contact with the IR
slightly arch the hand
which bony structure is located on the distal end of the radius
styloid process
for the AP projection of the forearm, which positioning step should be taken to prevent radial crossover
supinate the hand
how should the hand be positioned for the AP projection of the forearm
supinated
Which positioning characteristic best indicates that the humerus is properly positioned for the AP projection of the humerus?
the humeral epicondylar coronal plane is parallel to the IR
with reference to the plane of the IR, how is it determined that the humerus is properly positioned in true lateral position
the humeral epicondylar coronal plane is perpendicular
which evaluation criteria indicates that the humerus was properly positioned for the AP projection
the humeral head and greater tubercle are both seen in profile
where in the wrist is the scaphoid located
the lateral side of the proximal row
which bones are located in the distal row of the wrist
trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
differentiate between methods of non trauma vs trauma radiography of the upper extremity
trauma requires two projections at 90 degree difference between them
the lunate is situated between the
triquetrum and scaphoid
which structure articulates with the ulna to form the humeroulnar joint
trochlea
what other name refers to the carpal bone known as the scaphoid
navicular
upper extremity patient prep
-remove rings, watches, and other radiopaque objects -seat the patient at the side or end of the table to avoid a strained or uncomfortable position -shield gonads if needed
describe methods to avoid or minimize motion for projections
-utilize sandbags, immobilization bands, sponges, etc.
when performing an image of a forearm in a fiberglass cast, approximately which compensation to exposure technique should occur
increase mAs 25% or 4 kVp
which joint is a hinge type joint
interphalangeal
which depression is located between the lesser and greater tubercles of the proximal humerus
intertubercular groove
which projection of the forearm requires that the elbow be flexed 90 degrees
lateral
which projection of the wrist requires that the radial styloid process be superimposed over the ulnar styloid process
lateral
with reference from the trochlea, where is the capitulum located
lateral
which of the following is the best to demonstrate a foreign body in the hand
lateral in extension
which projection of the elbow best demonstrates the olecranon process in profile
lateral projection
where is the capitulum located
lateral side of the distal humerus
where in the wrist is trapezium located
lateral side of the distal row
one way that the lateral image of a humerus, produced with the patient in the lateral decubitus position and the IR placed between the arm and thorax appears different from the lateral position with the patient standing that the former deonstrates
less than the entire humerus
what other name refers to the carpal bone known as the trapezoid
lesser multangular
which bony process is located on the anterior surface of the proximal humerus
lesser tubercle
which evaluation criteria indicates that the humerus was properly positioned for the lateral projection
lesser tubercle is seen in profile
where in the wrist is the hamate located
medial side of the distal row
each proximal phalanx articulates with a...
metacarpal bone
which bones comprise the palm of the hand
metacarpals
which joint is an ellipsoidal joint
metacarpophalangeal (MCP)
which joint of the hand is formed by the articulations of the head of a metacarpal with a digit
metacarpophalangeal (MCP)
what other name refers to the carpal bone known as the capitate
os magnum
with reference to the plane of the IR, how should the humeral epicondylar coronal plane be positioned for the AP projection of the elbow
parallel
subdivisions of hand bones
phalanges metacarpals carpals
which carpal bone has only one name
pisiform
supinator fat pad is...
positioned anterior to and parallel with the anterior aspect of the proximal radius
where is the trochlear notch located
proximal ulna
which structure articulates with the trochlea
proximal ulna
which structure articulates with the capitulum
radial head
how should the hand and wrist be positioned for the PA oblique projection of the wrist
with the hand supinated, rotate the wrist radial side up