R103 Exam 2

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What is the CR orientation for the axiolateral projection of the elbow (Coyle method) to demonstrate the coronoid process when the patient is seated

angled 45 degrees away from the shoulder

the superimposed coronoid and radial fat pads, which lie in the coronoid and radial fossae of the anterior humerus form the

anterior fat pad

which of the following should be used to image the radial head on a trauma paitent

axiolateral projection (coyle method) of elbow joint

which carpal bone does not articulate with the radius

capitate

which structure articulates with the radius to form the humeroradial joint

capitulum

which of the following articulates with the bases of metacarpal bones

carpal bones

which bones are classified as short bones

carpals

which joint is the most distal articulation of the wrist

carpometacarpal

which joints of the hand are formed by the articulation of the bases of the metacarpals wit the bones of the wrist

carpometacarpal (CMC)

which depression is located on the anterior surface of the distal humerus

coronoid fossa

posterior fat pad

covers the largest area and lies within the olecranon fossa of the posterior humerus

which description best explains how radial cross over occurs when the forearm is demonstrated

during the AP projection, the hand is pronated

in which joint is the capitulum located

elbow

in which joint is the trochlea located

elbow

exposure factor conversions necessary for cast radiography of upper extremity

fiberglass: increase mAs 25% or 4 kVp plaster medium: increase mAs 50% or 7 kVp plaster large: increase mAs 100% or 10 kVp

what is the centering point for the CR on the AP projection of the thumb

first MCP joint

which articulation of the upper extremity is a saddle joint that allows the thumb to oppose the fingers

first carpometacarpal

For the axiolateral projection (Coyle method) of the elbow to demonstrate the coronoid process, the elbow is:

flexed 80 degrees

how should the hand be positioned for the PA oblique projection of the hand

from the prone position, rotate the hand radial side up

what other name refers to the carpal bone known as the trapezium

greater multangular

what is the roughened process of the humerus superior and lateral to the intertubercular groove

greater tubercle

upper extremities include

hand forearm arm shoulder girdle

which bony structures are located on the proximal radius

head and tuberosity

carpals

8 bones of the wrist

how many interphalangeal joints are found in one upper extremity

9

from the prone position, how many degrees should a finger be rotated for the lateral projection of that finger

90 degrees

how much should the elbow be flexed for lateral projection of the elbow

90 degrees

which two structures articulate to form the proximal radioulnar joint

head of radius & radial notch of ulna

which two structures articulate to form the distal radioulnar joint

head of ulna and ulnar notch of radius

which type of joint is the elbow

hinge

which articulations do the trochlea and the trochlear notch form

humeroulnar

which projection and position of the upper extremity best demonstrates the coronoid process in profile and free of superimposition

AP oblique of the elbow, medially rotated

which depression is located on the posterior surface of the distal humerus

olecranon fossa

Which large bony process is easily located by touching on the posterior aspect of the proximal forearm

olecranon process

which bony structures are located on the proximal end of the ulna

radial notch, olecranon process, and coronoid process

which structure is located on the lateral aspect of the distal forearm

radial styloid process

which joint is the most proximal articulation of the wrist

radiocarpal

forearm contains

radius and ulna

which bones comprise the forearm

radius and ulna

which two carpal bones are the most lateral bones of the wrist

scaphoid and trapezium

which bones are located in the proximal row of the wrist

scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform

which projection of the elbow best demonstrates the radial head free of bony superimpositon

AP oblique, lateral rotation

which joint is formed by the articulation of the distal end of the middle phalanx with the proximal end of the distal phalanx of the index finger?

DIP joint of the second digit

what is the appropriate collimated field for all projections of the thumb

1 inch on all sides of the digit, including 1 inch proximal to the CMC joint

what is the appropriate collimation field for the PA projection of the second digit

1 inch on all sides of the digit, including 1 inch proximal to the MCP joint

what is the appropriate collimated field for he PA projection of the hand

1 inch on all sides of the hand, including 1 inch proximal to the ulnar styloid

which wrist projection requires that the IR be inclined toward the elbow at an angle of 20 degrees from horizontal

PA axial (stecher method)

which projection of the wrist best demonstrated the scaphoid carpal and its related articulations

PA projection, ulnar deviation position

which projection of the wrist corrects foreshortening of the scaphoid carpal bone

PA with ulnar deviation

phalanges

14 bones of the digits

for lateral projections of the 2-5 digits of the hand, through which joint should the central ray e directed

PIP joint

what is the centering point for the CR for the PA projection for the 3rd finger

PIP joint of the third digit

what is the appropriated collimation field for all projections of the forearm

2 inches distal to the wrist and proximal to the elbow; 1 inch on the sides

what is the appropriate collimation field for the PA projection of the wrist

2.5 inches proximal and distal to the wrist joint and 1 inch on the sides

the hand consists of...

27 bones

how many articulations does the humerus have

3

what is the appropriate collimated field for the AP elbow

3 inches proximal and distal to the elbow joint and 1 inch on the side

which joint is formed by the articulation of the proximal end of the middle phalanx with the distal end of the proximal phalanx of the ring finger?

PIP of fourth digit

for the PA projection of the hand, where should the CR be directed to

3rd MCP

which digit of the hand produces the greatest OID in the lateral projection of that digit

3rd digit

from the prone position how many degrees should a hand be rotated for the PA oblique projection of that hand

45 degrees

from the prone position, how many degrees should a finger be rotated for the PA oblique projection of that finger

45 degrees

what is the direction and amount of central ray angulation for the axiolateral projection (coyle method) to demonstrate the radial head and capitulum

45 degrees toward the shoulder

how many metacarpal bones are found in one upper extremity

5

metcarpals

5 bones of the palm

which wrist positioning maneuver opens the carpal interspaces on the lateral side of the wrsit

ulnar deviation

which bony structures are located on the distal end of the ulna

ulnar head and styloid process

which structure is located on the medial side of the distal forearm

ulnar styloid process

what other name refers to the carpal bone known as the hamate

unciform

which digit of the hand produces the least OID in the lateral projection of that hand

second digit

for the PA projection of the wrist, which positioning maneuver should be used to place the anterior surface of the wrist in contact with the IR

slightly arch the hand

which bony structure is located on the distal end of the radius

styloid process

for the AP projection of the forearm, which positioning step should be taken to prevent radial crossover

supinate the hand

how should the hand be positioned for the AP projection of the forearm

supinated

Which positioning characteristic best indicates that the humerus is properly positioned for the AP projection of the humerus?

the humeral epicondylar coronal plane is parallel to the IR

with reference to the plane of the IR, how is it determined that the humerus is properly positioned in true lateral position

the humeral epicondylar coronal plane is perpendicular

which evaluation criteria indicates that the humerus was properly positioned for the AP projection

the humeral head and greater tubercle are both seen in profile

where in the wrist is the scaphoid located

the lateral side of the proximal row

which bones are located in the distal row of the wrist

trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

differentiate between methods of non trauma vs trauma radiography of the upper extremity

trauma requires two projections at 90 degree difference between them

the lunate is situated between the

triquetrum and scaphoid

which structure articulates with the ulna to form the humeroulnar joint

trochlea

what other name refers to the carpal bone known as the scaphoid

navicular

upper extremity patient prep

-remove rings, watches, and other radiopaque objects -seat the patient at the side or end of the table to avoid a strained or uncomfortable position -shield gonads if needed

describe methods to avoid or minimize motion for projections

-utilize sandbags, immobilization bands, sponges, etc.

when performing an image of a forearm in a fiberglass cast, approximately which compensation to exposure technique should occur

increase mAs 25% or 4 kVp

which joint is a hinge type joint

interphalangeal

which depression is located between the lesser and greater tubercles of the proximal humerus

intertubercular groove

which projection of the forearm requires that the elbow be flexed 90 degrees

lateral

which projection of the wrist requires that the radial styloid process be superimposed over the ulnar styloid process

lateral

with reference from the trochlea, where is the capitulum located

lateral

which of the following is the best to demonstrate a foreign body in the hand

lateral in extension

which projection of the elbow best demonstrates the olecranon process in profile

lateral projection

where is the capitulum located

lateral side of the distal humerus

where in the wrist is trapezium located

lateral side of the distal row

one way that the lateral image of a humerus, produced with the patient in the lateral decubitus position and the IR placed between the arm and thorax appears different from the lateral position with the patient standing that the former deonstrates

less than the entire humerus

what other name refers to the carpal bone known as the trapezoid

lesser multangular

which bony process is located on the anterior surface of the proximal humerus

lesser tubercle

which evaluation criteria indicates that the humerus was properly positioned for the lateral projection

lesser tubercle is seen in profile

where in the wrist is the hamate located

medial side of the distal row

each proximal phalanx articulates with a...

metacarpal bone

which bones comprise the palm of the hand

metacarpals

which joint is an ellipsoidal joint

metacarpophalangeal (MCP)

which joint of the hand is formed by the articulations of the head of a metacarpal with a digit

metacarpophalangeal (MCP)

what other name refers to the carpal bone known as the capitate

os magnum

with reference to the plane of the IR, how should the humeral epicondylar coronal plane be positioned for the AP projection of the elbow

parallel

subdivisions of hand bones

phalanges metacarpals carpals

which carpal bone has only one name

pisiform

supinator fat pad is...

positioned anterior to and parallel with the anterior aspect of the proximal radius

where is the trochlear notch located

proximal ulna

which structure articulates with the trochlea

proximal ulna

which structure articulates with the capitulum

radial head

how should the hand and wrist be positioned for the PA oblique projection of the wrist

with the hand supinated, rotate the wrist radial side up


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