RAD 135 final
Which of the following projections will best demonstrate the bony nasal septum?
Parietoacanthial
Which of the following functions is not performed by the urinary system?
Producing and releasing adrenaline
Which cranial bone contains the foramen ovale?
Sphenoid
Which cranial bone possesses the sella turcica?
Sphenoid
Which sinus is projected through the oral cavity with a parietoacanthial transoral projection?
Sphenoid
Which sinus often produces an air/fluid level indicating a basilar skull fracture?
Sphenoid
The enteroclysis procedure is indicated for patients with regional enteritis.
True
The opening leading into the intestine for the patient with a colostomy is termed the stoma.
True
The patient should void before the IVU to prevent dilution of the contrast media in the bladder
True
The sphenoid bone articulates with all the other cranial bones
True
The suprarenal glands are part of the endocrine system
True
The transit time of barium through the small intestine of the pediatric patient is usually less than that required for an adult.
True
Artificial opening between the urinary bladder and aspects of the large intestine
Vesicocolonic fistula
Which of the following commercial contrast media would be used during an evaluative proctogram?
anatrast
The rapid introduction of contrast agents into the vascular system is termed:
bolus injection.
dilation of the intestine with thickening of the circular folds
giardiasis
unpaired bone in the adult
mandible
Which of the following clinical indications may require a decrease in manual exposure factors?
multiple myeloma
bone tumor originating in the bone marrow
multiple myeloma
The esophagus is located ____ to the larynx.
posterior
The gallbladder is located in the ________ margin of the liver.
posterior inferior
Where does the esophagus lie?
posterior to the larynx
Where do the ureters lie in relation to the bladder?
posterlateral to bladder
The ureters enter the _______aspect of the bladder
posterolateral
Which of the following is not a function of the GI system?
production of hormones
opening leaving the stomach
pyloric orifice
string sign
regional enteritis
The absence of a functioning kidney is
renal agenesis
Which of the following conditions may produce hydronephrosis?
renal obstruction
horizontal portion of duodenum
third portion of duodenum
What is the primary function of bile?
to breakdown and emulsify fats
During the initial enema tip insertion, the tip is aimed:
toward the umbilicus.
Enema tip is aimed where during insertion?
toward umbilicus
Which of the following structures does not pass through the diaphragm?
trachea
A phytobezoar is
trapped vegetable fiber in the stomach
What is a phytobezoar?
trapped vegetable fibers in the stomach
CT may be performed to diagnose acute appendicitis
true
chronic inflammatory condition of the large intestine
ulcerative colitis
stovepipe appearance of colon
ulcerative colitis
Which of the following is not a salivary gland?
vallecula
What projection can you replace a lateral rectum projection?
ventral decub
The esophagus extends from C5-C6 to
T11
Intracranial hemorrhage in premature infants
Ultrasound
Which of the imaging modalities or procedures is most effective and preferred in diagnosing HPS?
Ultrasound
Chole-" is a prefix for terms pertaining to the:
bile.
middle aspect of stomach
body
What is another term for a laxative?
cathartic
less expensive of the two types
ionic
parent compound is a carboxyl group
ionic
uses salt as its cation
ionic
Which radiographic sign is frequently seen with adenocarcinoma of the intestine?
"Napkin ring" or "apple core" sign
The normal range for creatinine in an adult is:
.6 to 1.5 mg/dL
In 24 hours, how much urine do the kidneys normally produce?
1.5 L
Which of the following kV ranges should be used for an upper GI series using barium sulfate (single contrast study)?
100 to 125 kV
Which of the following technical/positioning factors does not apply to an MD-Gastroview (double contrast) upper GI study?
125 kV
The CR and image receptor should both be centered approximately ________ higher for the 15 or 30 minute small bowel image than for the later images.
2 inches
What type of CR angulation should be used for a PA axial projection of the mandible?
20-25 degrees cephalad
What is the maximum CR angulation used for the axiolateral oblique projection of the mandible?
25°
How high should the tourniquet be placed above the puncture site?
3-4"
How long should the venipuncture site be cleaned with an alcohol wipe before needle insertion?
30 seconds
A male patient comes to radiology for a voiding cystourethrogram. Which of the following projections and/or positions would be performed for this procedure?
30° RPO
Where does the CR exit for a modified parietoacanthial (modified Waters) projection of the facial bones?
Acanthion
How much rotation of the body is required for the LAO position during a barium enema?
35-45 degrees
What is the total capacity of the average adult bladder?
350 to 500 mL
What is the angle between the OML and the plane of the IR for the parietoacanthial (Waters) projection?
37°
The average adult kidney measures ____ in length.
4 to 5 inches (10 to 13 cm)
How long must a patient with acute renal injury, stage IV or V renal disease, or an estimated glomerular filtration of <30 withhold from taking metformin after an iodinated contrast media procedure?
48 hours
What is the angle between the midsagittal plane and the IR for a parieto-orbital oblique projection of the optic foramen?
53°
The recommended digital systems kV range for the superoinferior tangential projection of the nasal bones is:
60 to 70.
What is the name of the joint found between the lateral condylar processes of the skull and the atlas of C1?
Atlanto-occipital joint
How much difference in degrees is there between the OML and the IOML?
7 to 8 degrees
How much difference is there between the OML and IOML positioning lines?
7° to 8°
The patient must be NPO a minimum of ____ hours before the small bowel series.
8
Patients must be NPO for
8 hours
The ideal kV range for a double-contrast barium enema is:
90 to 100.
What can the technologist do if the patient cannot extend the head and neck adequately for the routine submentovertex projection of the zygomatic arches?
Angle the CR to place it perpendicular to the IOML.
Which positioning line should be perpendicular to the image receptor for the parieto-orbital oblique (Rhese method) projections for optic foramina?
AML
A patient comes to radiology for an upper GI series. The patient has a clinical history of hiatal hernia. Which of the following positions may be helpful in demonstrating this condition?
AP Trendelenburg position
A patient comes to radiology for a sinus series. She cannot fully extend her head and neck for the submentovertex projection. What else can the technologist do to produce a diagnostic submentovertex projection?
Angle the CR to place it perpendicular to IOML.
may be caused by cutting off blood supply to it or by infection
Appendicitis
Complete cessation of urinary secretion
Anuria
In what position is the patient placed for the enema tip insertion?
Sims'
An infant is brought to the ED with a possible intussusception. Which of the following procedures may actually correct this condition?
Barium or air enema
Age-associated enlargement of the prostate gland
BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia)
A patient comes to radiology with severe mastoiditis. Which one of the following imaging modalities will best demonstrate possible bony destruction within the mastoid region?
CT
A patient with a possible ureteric stone comes from the emergency department (ED) for an IVU. She has a blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level of 50. Which of the following imaging modalities is recommended for this patient?
CT
Recent bleeding within the brain
CT
Which of the following imaging modalities best demonstrates bony erosion of the maxillary sinus resulting from acute sinusitis?
CT
Which of the following imaging modalities may be used to examine a possible cranial bleed caused by trauma?
CT
Which hormone leads to contraction of the gallbladder to release bile?
CCK
A patient experiences a hot flash after the injection of an iodinated contrast media. What should be the next action taken by the technologist?
Comfort the patient; this is a common side effect.
The union of the left and right hepatic ducts form which duct?
Common hepatic duct
Which of the following structures are described as scroll-like projections found in the nasal cavity?
Conchae
Paget's disease
Conventional radiography
Which plane or perspective is most often produced for a CT scan of the sinuses?
Coronal
Which of the following structures passes through the superior orbital fissure?
Cranial nerves III to VI
chronic inflammatory condition of small intestine
Crohn's disease
A radiograph of a left posterior oblique (LPO) position taken during an IVU reveals that the right kidney is foreshortened and superimposed over the spine. What must the technologist do to correct this error during the repeat exposure?
Decrease rotation.
A patient comes to radiology for an IVU. During the procedure, the radiologist suspects nephroptosis. Which of the following positions best demonstrates this condition?
Erect
Metformin is a drug administered to patients with
Diabetes
A patient comes to radiology with possible diverticulosis. Which of the following studies is most diagnostic for detecting this condition?
Double-contrast barium enema
Where is cholecystokinin produced?
Duodenal mucosa/duodenum
Which part of the small intestine has the largest diameter?
Duodenum
Which part of the small intestine is the shortest?
Duodenum
A pediatric patient enters the emergency department (ED) with a small, plastic object stuck in her esophagus. PA and lateral chest radiographs fail to demonstrate the foreign body. Which of the following procedures would be most effective in demonstrating the location of the object?
Esophagogram using shredded cotton soaked in barium
Which cranial bone contains the cribriform plate?
Ethmoid
Which cranial bone possesses the superior nasal conchae?
Ethmoid
Which two bones form the bony nasal septum?
Ethmoid and vomer
inflammation of the small intestine
Enteritis
Normal kidney that fails to ascend into the abdomen, but rather, remains in the pelvis
Ectopic kidney
A radiograph of a parietoacanthial (Waters) projection for sinuses reveals that the petrous pyramids are projected over the maxillary sinuses. What positioning error is present on this radiograph?
Excessive flexion
A PA axial oblique (RAO) barium enema projection is an optional projection to demonstrate the right colic flexure.
False
For a hypersthenic type of patient, a 35x43 (14x17) IR placed in portrait orientation and centered correctly generally includes the entire barium-filled large intestine on one IR
False
If both procedures are ordered on the same day, a barium enema must be performed before an IVU.
False
Infections involving the upper teeth may involve the frontal sinuses.
False
Lesions of decreased density are termed osteoblastic lesions.
False
Natural latex-based gloves are safe to be worn by all technologists
False
Nonionic contrast agents may increase the severity of side effects as compared with ionic contrast agents.
False
The ascending colon and upper rectum are intraperitoneal structures.
False
The height of the enema bag should not exceed 36 inches (92 cm) above the radiographic table at the beginning of the study.
False
The lateral margin of the stomach is called the lesser curvature
False
The proper name for the parieto-orbital oblique projection is the Schuller method.
False
The small sacculations found within the jejunum are called haustra
False
What is the classification of the joint found between the teeth and maxilla?
Fibrous
How many facial bones help make up the bony orbit?
Four
Which sinuses are best demonstrated with the PA projection?
Frontal and ethmoid
Which cranial bones articulate with the parietal bone?
Frontal, Sphenoid, Occipital
Which three cranial bones articulate directly with the zygomatic bone?
Frontal, sphenoid, temporal
caused by a flagellate protozoan
Giardiasis
A radiograph taken during an esophagogram using thin barium mixture demonstrates that there is very little contrast media in the esophagus. Which of the following points will improve filling of the esophagus? (The exposure was made on inspiration after the last swallow.)
Have the patient drink during the exposure.
While attempting to insert an enema tip into the rectum, the technologist experiences resistance. What should be the next step taken by the technologist?
Have the radiologist insert it using fluoroscopic guidance.
Blood in the urine
Hematuria
A patient comes to radiology for a sinus series on a cart. She is unable to stand or sit erect for any of the projections. Which of the following projections will best detect any air/fluid levels present in the maxillary sinuses?
Horizontal beam lateral
A patient enters the emergency department (ED) with a possible basilar skull fracture. Which of the following skull projections would best demonstrate any blood present in the sphenoid sinus?
Horizontal beam lateral projection
Along with the use of erect positions, what other factor is important to demonstrate air/fluid levels in paranasal sinuses?
Horizontal x-ray beam
Which one of the following technical considerations is most critical for demonstrating air and/or fluid levels within the cranium?
Horizontal x-ray beam
Fusion of the kidneys during development of the fetus
Horseshoe kidney
Which positioning line should be perpendicular to the plane of the IR for the AP axial (Towne) projection with a 37° caudad CR angle?
IOML
A PA axial projection with a 25° caudad angle of the cranium reveals that the petrous ridges are at the level of the superior orbital margins. Which of the following modifications are required to correct this error?
Increase extension of cranium.
A radiograph of a PA projection of the sinuses reveals that the petrous ridges are projected over the ethmoid sinuses. Which of the following modifications will eliminate this superimposition while not compromising diagnostic quality?
Increase extension of the head and neck slightly.
A radiograph taken during an upper GI series demonstrates poor visibility of the gastric mucosa. The following factors were used: 80 kV, 30 mAs, 1/40-second exposure time, and high-speed image receptors. Barium sulfate was used during the procedure. Which of the following factors needs to be modified during the repeat exposure?
Increased kV (decrease mAs as needed)
A radiograph of an AP projection taken during a retrograde cystogram reveals that the floor of the bladder is superimposed over the symphysis pubis. What error led to this radiographic finding?
Insufficient CR angulation
A radiograph of a parietoacanthial (Waters) projection reveals that the petrous ridges are superimposed over the lower 30% of the maxillary sinuses. What specific positioning error (if any) led to this radiographic finding?
Insufficient extension
A radiograph of a parietoacanthial transoral (open-mouth Waters) projection reveals that the mouth is open but the sphenoid sinus is superimposed over the maxilla and upper teeth. What positioning error led to this radiographic outcome?
Insufficient extension of the head and neck
telescoping of the bowel into another aspect of it
Intussusception
Which of the following symptoms is classified as a mild reaction?
Itching
Which part of the small intestine has a feathery appearance when filled with barium?
Jejunum
One radiograph of an upper GI series needs repeating. The technologist is unsure which projection and/or position is seen on this radiograph. The fundus is filled with barium, and the pylorus and duodenal bulb are profiled and air filled. The patient was recumbent for all projections. Which projection and/or position needs to be repeated?
LPO
What position demonstrates the right colic flexure?
LPO
Which of the following sutures separates the parietal from the occipital bone?
Lambdoidal
Which part of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract synthesizes and absorbs vitamins B and K?
Large intestine
Which projection and/or position is most commonly performed during an evacuative proctogram?
Lateral
Where are the ethmoid sinuses located within the ethmoid bone?
Lateral masses
A patient comes in with a clinical history of a possible pituitary adenoma. Because this is a rural hospital, CT and MRI are not available. Which radiographic projection or position would best demonstrate signs of bony erosion of the sella turcica because of the tumor?
Lateral position
Which aspect of the large intestine is located highest, or most superior, in the abdomen?
Left colic flexure
Where is bile formed?
Liver
A patient comes to radiology with a clinical history of an acoustic neuroma. Which of the following imaging modalities will provide the best assessment for this tumor?
MRI
Most sensitive modality for detecting differences between normal and abnormal brain tissues
MRI
Which of the following imaging modalities provides an excellent distinction between normal and abnormal brain tissue?
MRI
Which of the following imaging modalities should NOT be used to rule out a possible metal foreign body in the eye?
MRI
Which of the following definitions would describe a bezoar?
Mass of undigested material
What is the largest immovable bone of the face?
Maxilla
Which facial bone forms the majority of the hard palate?
Maxilla
What is the only paranasal sinus not contained within a cranial bone?
Maxillary
Which sinuses are best demonstrated with a parietoacanthial projection?
Maxillary
outpouchings located in distal ileum
Meckel's diverticulum
Distinctive lesions with moth-eaten appearance, a combination of increased density and destructive irregular border lesions
Metastases
Act of voiding
Micturition
Where is the CR centered for a nephrotomogram of the kidneys?
Midway between the iliac crest and the xiphoid process
Which projection best demonstrates the floor of the orbits?
Modified parietoacanthial (modified Waters)
A patient enters the ED with facial bone injuries. The physician is concerned about a possible blow-out fracture of the left orbit. Which of the following three-projection routines would best diagnose this injury?
Modified parietoacanthial, 30° PA facial bone, and lateral facial bone projections
Radiolucent areas within the bony cranium
Multiple myeloma
Which of the following terms describes the junction of the two nasal bones?
Nasion
A radiograph of a lateral cranium reveals that the mentum was cut off from the bottom of the radiograph. A 24 × 30-cm (10 × 12-inch) IR was used, and it was placed crosswise. What must be altered if a repeat exposure is performed?
None of the above; all of the structures were demonstrated.
A radiograph of a posteroanterior (PA) axial projection (Caldwell method) of the cranium reveals that the petrous ridges are located at the level of the lower one third of the orbits. The technologist performed this projection with the CR angled 15° caudal to the orbitomeatal line (OML). How must positioning be altered if a repeat exposure is performed?
None of the above; positioning was correct.
How much skull rotation (from a lateral position) is required to place the ramus parallel to the IR for the axiolateral oblique projection of the mandible?
None; the skull should be kept in a lateral position.
A radiograph of a PA Caldwell projection reveals that the petrous ridges are projected into the lower one third of the maxillary sinuses. Which of the following modifications should be made during the repeat exposure to produce a more diagnostic image?
Nothing; accept the initial radiograph.
Early detection of metastases
Nuclear medicine
Which of the following modalities best demonstrates early signs of Paget's disease of the skull?
Nuclear medicine
Excretion of diminished amounts of urine
Oliguria or hypouresis
Where should the optic foramen be located with a well-positioned parieto-orbital oblique projection of the optic foramina?
Outer, lower quadrant of orbit
A patient comes to radiology with a possible bone cyst within the squamous portion of the frontal bone. Which of the following projections would best demonstrate this region with a minimal amount of distortion of the frontal bone?
PA with no CR angulation to OML
Destructive stage of bony areas demonstrated by areas of radiolucency followed by reparative stages of sclerotic (radiodense) regions resulting in a "cotton-wool" appearance
Paget's disease
A patient enters the ED with a possible nasal bone fracture. The physician is concerned about a possible bony nasal septum deviation and fractured nasal bones. Which of the following routines would best diagnose these injuries?
Parietoacanthial, lateral nasal bone, and superoinferior (axial) projections
Enlarged sella turcica
Pituitary adenoma
Passage of a large volume of urine
Polyuria
What is the primary purpose of the membranous folds located within the cystic duct?
Prevents distention or collapse of the cystic duct
A patient comes to radiology for an IVU. His laboratory report indicates a creatinine level of 0.7 mg/dL. What should be the technologist's next step?
Proceed with the study.
Which oblique position, the LAO or RAO, best demonstrates the ascending colon and right colic flexure?
RAO
Situation- During a barium enema, a possible polyp is seen in the left colic flexure. Which of the following projections will best demonstrate it?
RPO
Which of the following is not an aspect of the maxilla?
Ramus
Which of the following structures is not considered part of the colon?
Rectum
Absence of a functioning kidney
Renal agenesis
Which abdominal muscles run on each side of, and medial and posterior to, the kidneys?
Right and left psoas major
A patient comes to radiology for an upper GI series. Her clinical history indicates that there may be a tumor posterior to the stomach. Which one of the following projections and/or positions will best demonstrate this condition?
Right lateral
A radiograph of a lateral projection of the facial bones reveals that the mandibular rami are not superimposed. What specific positioning error is present on this radiograph?
Rotation
Which part of the large intestine is located between the rectum and the descending colon?
Sigmoid colon
Which of the following procedures is considered as a functional study?
Small bowel series
Large stone that grows and completely fills the renal pelvis
Staghorn kidney stone
What are the salivary glands?
Sublingual, Parotid, Submandibular
A patient enters the ED with a possible fracture of the right zygomatic arch. Which of the following routines would best diagnose a possible fracture of this structure?
Submentovertex, bilateral oblique inferosuperior (tangential), and AP axial projections
At what stage of respiration should the enema tip be inserted into the rectum?
Suspended expiration
Which of the following landmarks corresponds to the highest level of the petrous ridge?
TEA
Which cranial bone possesses the zygomatic process?
Temporal
A nephrogram taken during an IVU demonstrates that the renal parenchyma is poorly visualized but the calyces are contrast enhanced. What is the most likely reason for this radiographic outcome?
The exposure was not taken soon enough following the injection.
What technical factors apply to lateral nasal bone projections?
The technologist should not use automatic exposure control (AEC), The technologist should use a small focal spot, The technologist should use low to medium kV.
A radiograph of a lateral projection of the cranium reveals that the orbital roofs (plates) are not superimposed—one is slightly superior to the other. Which of the following positioning errors led to this radiographic outcome?
Tilt
A true allergic reaction is also termed as an anaphylactic reaction.
True
Adult forms of polycystic disease are inherent
True
All of the paranasal sinuses are contained within cranial bones, except the maxillary sinuses
True
All reactions, regardless to their severity, must be documented.
True
Bladder carcinoma is three times more common in males than females
True
CT (computed tomography) of the kidney for renal calculi does not require the use of intravenous contrast media.
True
CT may be performed to diagnose acute appendicitis.
True
Synthetic latex enema tips are safe to use for latex-sensitive patients.
True
Water-soluble contrast agents pass through the GI tract faster than barium sulfate
True
Where is the CR centered for a lateral projection of the cranium?
Two inches (5 cm) superior to EAM
During an upper GI series, the "halo" sign appears in the duodenum. Which of the following conditions will produce this radiographic sign?
Ulcer
Craniosynostosis (premature suture closing in neonate skull)
Ultrasound
Hydrocephalus (in neonate)
Ultrasound
Constant or frequent involuntary passage of urine
Urinary incontinence
Which term describes the act of voiding under voluntary control?
Urination
A patient comes to radiology for a routine study of the cranium. He is unable to flex his head and neck sufficiently to place the OML perpendicular to the IR for the AP axial projection. What should the technologist do to compensate for this problem without creating excessive magnification of the occipital bone?
Use the inferior OML and increase the CR angulation by 7°.
A patient comes to radiology for a double-contrast barium enema. The patient cannot lie on her side during the study. Which of the following projections could replace the lateral rectum projection?
Ventral decubitus
disorder of proximal small intestine
Whipple's disease
Where is the CR centered for a lateral projection of the facial bones?
Zygoma, midway between the EAM and the outer canthus
Which bone is involved with a tripod fracture?
Zygomatic
The CR is centered to exit at the level of the ______ for a well-positioned parietoacanthial projection
acanthion
The upper and lower teeth are embedded in the:
alveolar processes.
Which of the following aspects of the stomach is defined as an indentation between the body and pylorus?
angular notch
indentation found along lesser curvature
angular notch
Where do the ureters lie in relation to psoas muscles?
anterior
The posterior aspect of the orbit is termed the:
apex.
Central ray and image receptor centering for a 1-hour small bowel radiograph should be:
at the level of the iliac crest.
Which of the following veins is not normally selected for venipuncture during an IVU?
axillary
fracture evident by sphenoid sinus effusion
basal fracture
What type of radiolucent contrast medium is most commonly used for double-contrast GI studies?
carbon dioxide
found along superior aspect of fundus
cardiac notch
Radiographic examination of the biliary ducts only is termed:
cholangiography.
Which of the following terms describes the condition of having gallstones?
cholelithiasis
A benign, cystic mass of the middle ear is a(n):
cholesteatoma
Patchy, blunting of the calyces is a radiographic sign of:
chronic pyelonephritis.
Which term describes food after it enters the stomach and is mixed with gastric secretions?
chyme
A fracture involving the facial bones where a blow to one side causes a fracture to the opposite side is termed a ____ fracture.
contrecoup
The glomeruli, glomerular capsule, and proximal and distal convoluted tubules are located in the ____ of the kidney.
cortex
tangential view may help in determining extent or degree of this fracture
depressed fracture
Which type of health condition may restrict the use of glucagon during a barium enema?
diabetes
inflammation of small herniations in the intestinal wall
diverticulitis
condition of small herniations present along the intestinal wall
diverticulosis
jagged or sawtooth appearance of the intestinal wall
diverticulosis
What exam should be done to see diverticulosis?
double contrast barium enema
Where is CCK produced?
duodenal mucosa
Situation- A patient has a clinical history of regional enteritis. Which of the following procedures is most often performed for this condition?
enteroclysis
Which structure in the pharynx prevents aspiration of food and fluid into the larynx?
epiglottis
Which of the following is the older term for GERD?
esophageal reflux
opening between esophagus and stomach
esophagogastric junction
The ____ sinuses develop last and are not fully developed until the teenage years.
ethmoid
cribiform plate
ethmoid
perpendicular plate
ethmoid
superior nasal conchae
ethmoid
Situation- a patient with a clinical history of a rectocele comes to the radiology department. Which radiographic procedure will best diagnose this condition?
evacuative proctography
Which of the following factors prevents superimposition of the ramus on the cervical spine for the axiolateral oblique mandible projection?
extend chin
creates a hypertonic condition in blood plasma
ionic
Ascending colon and upper rectum are intraperitoneal
false
In general, all of the paranasal sinuses are fully developed by the age of 6 or 7 years.
false
ascending portion of duodenum
fourth portion of duodenum
glabella
frontal
superciliary arch
frontal
To which aspect of the stomach does barium gravitate when the patient is in the supine position?
fundus
Which aspect of th stomach fills with air when the patient is prone during a double-contrast UGI?
fundus
most posterior aspect of stomach
fundus
Which two structures create the "romance of the abdomen"?
head of the pancreas and the C Loop of the duodenum
Which of the following is not a recognized lobe of the liver?
inferior
help to mix air drawn into nasal cavity
inferior nasal conchae
The renal veins connect directly to the
inferior vena cava
mushroom-shaped dilation with a small amount of barium extending beyond it
intussesception
A Dissociates in two separate ions after injection
ionic
Diatrizoate is a common anion
ionic
located anteriorly in medial aspect of orbit
lacrimal bones
Which colic flexure (right or left) is located 1 to 2 inches higher or more superior in the abdomen?
left
The left mastoid fontanel becomes the ____ in an adult.
left asterion
What drug can be added to the barium sulfate mixture to minimize intestinal spasm during a barium enema?
lidocaine
fracture of the skull with jagged or irregular lucent line that lies at an angle to the axis of the bone
linear fracture
Extravasation is classified as a(n) _________ reaction
local
unable to process certain nutrients
malabsorption syndrome
Which of the following middle ear structures is considered the most lateral?
malleus
The act of chewing is termed
mastication
contains four processes
maxilla
The mastoid air cells communicate with the:
middle ear.
Tachycardia (>100 beats per minute) is a symptom of a(n) ______________ type of reaction
moderate systemic
What is achalasia?
motor disorder of the esophagus
Achalasia is generally defined as:
motor disorder of the esophagus.
lie just anterior and medial to the frontal process of maxilla
nasal bones
The CR is centered to exit at the level of the ______ for a well-positioned 15-degree PA axial projection of the facial bones.
nasion
apple-core lesion
neoplasm
Posses low osmolality
nonionic
creates a near isotonic solution
nonionic
does not contain a cation
nonionic
produced a less severe contrast media reaction
nonionic
A patient comes to the radiology department with a clinical history of Meckel's diverticulum. Which imaging modality is most often performed for this condition?
nuclear medicine
What is the best course of action for a patient experiencing a mild systemic contrast media reaction?
observe and reassure patient
Inion
occipital
Which of the following bones is not part of the floor of the cranium?
occipital
foramen magnum
occipital
lateral condylar portions
occipital
Excretion of a diminished amount of urine in relation to the fluid intake is the general definition for:
oliguria
The aditus is defined as a(n):
opening between the epitympanic recess and the mastoid air cells.
destructive lesion with irregular margins
osteolytic neoplasm
The pathway of communication between the frontal, maxillary, and ethmoid sinuses that provides drainage between them is termed:
osteomeatal complex.
condition that begins with bony destruction followed by bony repair
pagets disease
possesses a vertical and horizontal portion
palatine bones
Which of the following conditions is considered high risk for an iodinated contrast media procedure?
pheochromocytoma
a new growth extending from mucosal wall
polyp
inward growth from intestinal wall
polyp
The churning or mixing activity of chyme in the small intestine is called
rhythmic segmentation
Which four cranial bones articulate with the frontal bone? (Make sure you choose 4)
right parietal, sphenoid, left parietal, ethmoid
In which quadrant is the liver located in the sthenic patient?
right upper quadrant
Which of the following positioning errors frequently results in a repeat exposure of a cranial position?
rotation
mucosal folds
rugae
The numerous mucosal folds located within the urinary bladder are termed:
rugae.
Brachycardia (<50 beats/min) is a sypmtom of a(n) _________________ type of systemic reaction
severe
Bradycardia is a symptom of a ____ systemic reaction
severe
Hot flashes are classified as a(n)
side effect
anterior clinoid processes
sphenoid
foramen ovale
sphenoid
pterygoid hamulus
sphenoid
sella turcica
sphenoid
Which aspect of the frontal bone is thin-walled and forms the forehead?
squamous
Which auditory ossicle attaches to the oval window?
stapes
Gastritis is defined as inflammation of the:
stomach
The Greek term gaster, or gastro means
stomach
The slight depression above each eyebrow is termed the:
supraorbital groove.
The point of union between both halves of the mandible is termed:
symphysis menti.
A loss of consciousness caused by reduced cerebral blood flow is termed:
syncope.
EAM
temporal
petrous ridge
temporal
zygomatic process
temporal
The structural and functional unit of the kidney is:
the nephron.
Which of the following nutrients is not digested?
vitamins
A tapered or corkscrew appearance seen during a barium enema
volvulus
a twisting of the intestine on its own mesentery
volvulus
Situation- A patient comes to the radiology department with a clinical history of giardiasis. She is scheduled for a barium enema procedure. Which of the following precautions must be followed during the procedure?
wear gloves
One of the three constricted points along each ureter is the pelvic brim. The location of this constricted point is:
where the iliac blood vessels cross over the ureters.
forms lower, outer aspect of orbit
zygomatic bone
