Radiography final prep updated

The purpose of aluminum filtration is to -eliminate the sources of scatter or secondary radiation to the patient - absorb the penetrating short wavelength that fog films - reduce the radiation to the patient by reducing the volume of tissue exposed - absorb the less penetrating long wavelength to reduce radiation exposure

- absorb the less penetrating long wavelength to reduce radiation exposure

Milliamperage controls the - cooling of the anode - heating of the anode - speed at which the electrons move from the cathode to the anode - amount of electrons that are found in the electron cloud

- amount of electrons that are found in the electron cloud

All of the following are ways that x-rays are produced except: - an electron collides with the nucleus and all of its energy is converted into a single x-ray photon - an electron is slowed down and bent off course and the energy that is lost is converted into an x-ray photon - an electron dislodges an outer shell electron converting it into a weaker x-ray photon - an electron dislodges a k shell converting it into a x-ray photon

- an electron dislodges an outer shell electron converting it into a weaker x-ray photon

Which of the following is recommended for increasing radiographic contrast while maintaining radiographic density? - increase kVp and increase exposure time - increase kVp and decrease exposure time - decrease kVp and decrease exposure time - decrease kVp and increase exposure time

- decrease kVp and increase exposure time

Each of the following statements regarding digital radiography is correct except one. Which one is the exception? - indirect digital imaging replaces film with a photostimulable plate - a digital image has no physical form - in film-based radiography, the radiographer "takes a radiograph," while in digital imaging, the radiographer "acquires an image" - digital radiography systems are limited to intraoral systems

- digital radiography systems are limited to intraoral systems

The sensor is inserted into the bite block so the wire is - going forward towards the bar of the XCP Rinn instrument - going back away from the bite block - going up towards the maxillary teeth - going down towards the mandibular teeth

- going forward towards the bar of the XCP Rinn instrument

Which of the following conditions would cause the magnification of an image? - small focal spot - tooth and film/sensor are not parallel - increased object to film/sensor distance - increased source to object distance

- increased object to film/sensor distance

The step up transformer ________ - decreases current to heat the filament - decreases current to dgive speed to the electrons - increases current to give speed to the electrons - increases current to heat the filament

- increases current to give speed to the electrons

Which of the following statements about dental radiographic exposure variables is true? - exposure time is difficult to change on most x-ray machines - milliamperage affects radiographic contrast - increasing the mA darkens the radiograph - decreasing exposure time darkens the radiograph

- increasing the mA darkens the radiograph

Which of these statements regarding radiographic contrast is false? - there are few shades of gray in a radiograph with short-scale contrast - short-scale contrast describes a radiograph in which the density differences between adjacent areas are large - there are many shades of gray in a radiograph with long-scale contrast - long-scale contrast describes a radiograph in which the density differences between adjacent areas are large

- long-scale contrast describes a radiograph in which the density differences between adjacent areas are large

When using the bisecting technique, the central ray of the primary beam is - perpendicular to the imaginary bisector of the angle formed by the tooth and film/sensor - parallel to the imaginary bisector of the angle formed by the tooth and film/sensor - perpendicular to the tooth - parallel to the film/sensor

- perpendicular to the imaginary bisector of the angle formed by the tooth and film/sensor

Which of these statements is false? - structures should be magnified to enhance interpretation - an area of interest must be recorded completely with sufficient surrounding structures for a frame of reference - a radiograph should be of proper density, contrast, and definition - an image should be free of errors

- structures should be magnified to enhance interpretation

All of the following statements are correct except: - the bitewing exam shows the coronal portions of teeth and alveolar crests of both arches - periapical radiographs may be taken using the bisecting or paralleling technique - the occlusal exam is designed to image the maxillary or mandibular arch (or a portion thereof) on a single film/image - the fundamental purpose of the vertical bitewing exam is to show the apices of teeth and surrounding bone

- the fundamental purpose of the vertical bitewing exam is to show the apices of teeth and surrounding bone

The proper film/sensor positioning for taking mandibular molar periapical radiograph includes all of the following except: - the inferior edge of the film/sensor should include the apices of the molars - the occlusal plane should be 1mm below the superior edge of the film/sensor - the mesial edge should include the distal half of the mandibular first molar - the white side of the film or flat side of the sensor should be facing the PID

- the mesial edge should include the distal half of the mandibular first molar

Which of the following x-rays are suitable for exposing dental radiographs? - x-rays with low frequency and high energy - x-rays with low frequency and low energy - x-rays with high frequency and high energy - x-rays with high frequency and low energy

- x-rays with high frequency and high energy

Which of these statements is false? -radiographs on children require less radiation exposure than adults -a childs smaller size places radiation-sensitive tissues closer to the path of radiation -ALARA protocols that apply to adults do not apply to children -a thyroid collar should be placed on all child patients

-ALARA protocols that apply to adults do not apply to children

Which of these statements is false regarding the patient with a visual impairment? -Do not remove personal eyewear during the radiographic examination -Use touch to demonstrate placement of the image receptor and feel of the receptor holding device prior to its placement -Announce when leaving the room and when reentering the room -Communicate using clear verbal explanations of each step of the procedure

-Do not remove personal eyewear during the radiographic examination

To clearly image the proximal surfaces of malaligned or crowded teeth, which of the following may be necessary? -additional radiographs varying the vertical angulation -a smaller image receptor positioned lower in the oral cavity -a smaller image receptor positioned higher in the oral cavity -additional radiographs varying the horizontal angulation

-additional radiographs varying the horizontal angulation

Each of the following will aid in minimizing a hypersensitive gag reflex during the radiographic procedure except one. Which one is the exception? -begin the exposure in the posterior region -convey a confident attitude -avoid scraping the palate with the edge of the image receptor -suggest breathing exercises

-begin the exposure in the posterior region

To assist in developing cultural sensitivity, radiographers should take into consideration a patient's -nonverbal gestures -communication style -comfortable zones of territory -communication style, comfortable zones of territory, and nonverbal gestures

-communication style, comfortable zones of territory, and nonverbal gestures

Each of the following statements regarding dental radiography of the older adult patient is correct except one. Which one is the exception? -use of commercial image receptor edge protector may make the procedure more comfortable -if necessary, the radiographer should hold the image receptor in the patients mouth during the exposure -a smaller, lighter weight image receptor-holding device may be more comfortable -if necessary, an extraoral radiograph may be substituted

-if necessary, the radiographer should hold the image receptor in the patients mouth during the exposure

Each of the following is an indication to expose radiographs on children except one. Which one is the exception? -detection of congenitally missing teeth -inspection of open interproximal contacts -evaluation of diseases and pathosis -assessment for orthodontic intervention

-inspection of open interproximal contacts

Each of the following may assist with placement of the image receptor for a child patient except one. Which one is the exception? -placing the image receptor parallel to the long axes of the teeth of interest -switching to a smaller, lighter image receptor-holding device -using the bisecting technique -using a smaller size image receptor

-placing the image receptor parallel to the long axes of the teeth of interest

Which of the following is the best recommendation when it becomes impossible to place an intraoral image receptor because of an exaggerated gage reflex? -use topical anesthetic to numb the oral cavity -substitute an extraoral radiograph -substitute a size 0 image receptor

-substitute an extraoral radiograph

Each of the following statements regarding the use of radiographs during endodontic therapy is true except one. Which one is the exception? -the avoidance of magnification and distortion is essential -the bisecting technique is the technique of choice -the presence of endodontic instrumentation makes it impossible for a patient to bite down on the biteblock of conventional image receptor holders -special endodontic image receptor holders are available

-the bisecting technique is the technique of choice

Each of the following statements regarding the gag reflex is correct except one. Which one is the exception? -the radiographer should let the pateint place the image receptor in his or her own mouth to help control the gage reflex -the radiographer should not dismiss patient concerns about gagging "all in the mind" -the radiographer should inform the patient that there are techniques to help minimize the gag reflex - most gagging patients are embarrassed their involuntary reaction of gagging

-the radiographer should let the patient place the image receptor in his or her own mouth to help control the gag reflex

Which of these extraoral radiographs is most often used to aid in diagnosing temporomandibular joint problems? -lateral skull projection -transcranial projection -reverse towne projection -posteroanterior projection

-transcranial projection

Which of the following statements regarding the gag reflex is correct? -unless the patient brings up the problem of gagging, the radiographer should not mention it -the radiographer should ask the patient "are you a gagger" -tactile stimuli result from the suggestion of gagging -psychogenic stimuli are a physical reaction to the feeling of the airway being blocked

-unless the patient brings up the problem of gagging, the radiographer should not mention it

Sixty impulses is equivalent to

1 second

What percent of kinetic energy inside the x-ray tube is converted to x-rays? - 2% - 99% - 1% - 98%

1%

At what age would a child most likely benefit from the exposure of 4 bitewing and 14 periapical radiographs when a complete mouth examination is required? -10 years -11 years -15 years -5 years

15 years

How many shades of gray can the unaided human eye detect?

32

At what age would a child most likely benefit from the exposure of two bitewing and two occlusal radiographs when a complete mouth examination is required? -15 years -13 years -5 years -10 years

5 years

Dental x-ray machines currently manufactured operate within a range from __________of kilovoltage peak. a. 7-10 b. 7-15 c. 60-75 d. 60-90

60-90

The majority of dental x-ray machines operate in ranges from __________milliamperage. a. 7-10 b. 7-15 c. 60-75 d. 60-90

7-15

Which of these statements is false? A- bitewing radiographs record the apices of teeth and surrounding bone B- periapical radiographs may be taken using the bisecting or paralleling technique C- bitewing radiographs record the coronal portions of teeth and alveolar crests of both arches D- occlusal radiographs record the maxillary

A- bitewing radiographs record the apices of teeth and surrounding bone

Which of these statements is false? A- an image receptor holder is not required for stabilization of the image receptor B- topographical occlusal radiographs of the mandible may be taken with the head positioned the same as for maxillary topographical occlusal radiographs C- mandibular topographical radiographs are taken with the midsagittal plane parallel to the floor D- cross-sectional occlusal radiographs of the mandible are taken with the occlusal plane perpendicular to the floor

C- mandibular topographical radiographs are taken with the midsagittal plane parallel to the floor

When only part of dental x-ray energy is transferred to an electron, and a newer, weaker x-ray is formed and scattered in a new direction, which of the following x-ray interactions with matter exists? - no interaction - coherent scattering - photoelectric effect -Compton effect

Compton effect

which of the following statements regarding positioning of the image receptor is correct? A- not placing the image receptor parallel with the occlusal plane results in conecutting B- inadequate horizontal angulation will result in less of the crown recorded C- excessive vertical angulation will result in overlap error D- absence of apical structures results when the image receptor is not placed low enough in the oral cavity

D- absence of apical structures results when the image receptor is not placed low enough in the oral cavity

Overlapping of adjacent teeth on the radiographic image most likely results from an error made in which of the following steps? A- Vertical angulation B- centering the x-ray beam C- placement of the image receptor D- horizontal angulation

D- horizontal angulation

Which of the following statements is false? A- determining horizontal angulation is the same for both the bisecting and the paralleling techniques B- angulation is changed b rotating the tube head horizontally and vertically C- to change horizontal angulation, the tube head is swiveled from side to side D- vertical angulation is accomplished by directing the central ray parallel to the image receptor

D- vertical angulation is accomplished by directing the central ray parallel to the image receptor

T/F: Use the largest possible source of radiation (focal spot)

False

The proper patient positioning for taking periapical or bitewing radiographs includes all of the following except: - The occlusal plane is parallel to the floor - The mid-sagittal plane is perpendicular to the floor - The PID and film are parallel - The object and film are parallel

The PID and film are parallel

T/F: The developing agent removes the unexposed silver halide crystals. Hydroquinone is one of the two developing agents.

The first statement is false, the second state is true

T/F:The wavelength determines the energy and penetrating power of the radiation. The longer the wavelength, the higher the energy of the radiation.

The first statement is true, the second statement is false

What is true of the bisecting technique

There is increased patient comfort during image receptor placement

Tissues have the capacity to repair radiation damage to a certain degree. However, some damage cannot be repaired and tissues remain weakened, especially with repeated exposures. This is called - a cumulative effect - a stochastic effect - a long-term effect - radioresistent tissue

a cumulative effect

Each of the following statements regarding pixels is correct except one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? - the more pixels in an image, the higher the resolution and the sharper the image - the number and size of pixels determines the spatial resolution of an image - when the number of pixels is low, the image appears to have jagged edges - a pixel with a stored number of 0 would be pure white

a pixel with a stored number of 0 would be pure white

Patients using wheelchairs and able to temporarily support their own weight should be transferred to the dental chair by use of -a wheelchair transfer sliding board -the caregiver and the radiographer to lift the patient -a wheelchair transfer belt -all of these

a wheelchair transfer sliding board

The amount of energy deposited in the teeth or soft tissue by any type of radiation is called the A- exposure amount B- dose equivalent C- background radiation D- absorbed does

absorbed dose

Which of thefollowing is not a componenent of factors determining radiation injury? - more specialized cells are more radioresistent - cells are most susceptible to injury during cell division - actively dividing cells with high mitotic activity are less sensitive - immature cells are more sensitive

actively dividing cells with high mitotic activity are less sensitive

Which of the following facial landmark planes must be positioned slightly (5 degrees) down toward the floor when positioning the arches within the focal trough? - frankfort - ala-tragus - occlusal - midsaggital

ala-tragus

which of the following facial landmark planes must be positioned parallel to the floor when positioning the arches within the focal trough during panoramic radiography? - occlusal - midsagittal - ala-tragus - frankfort

ala-tragus

The filter in the tube head is made of: - lead - copper - tungsten - aluminum

aluminum

Which of these is NOT a component of the dental x-ray film packet? - black paper wrapping - one or two films - moisture-resistent outer wrapping -aluminum foil

aluminum foil

All of the following conditions must exist for x-rays to be produced except: - a source of free electrons - high voltage to give speed to the electrons - an air-filled tube - a target capable of stopping the electrons

an air-filled tube (glass)

An image receptor placed too far back in the mouth will result in not imaging the A- anterior structures B- maxillary structures C- posteror structures D- mandibular structures

anterior structures

Which of these statements is false? - A-bitewing radiographs record the apices of teeth and surrounding bone B-periapical radiographs may be taken using the bisecting or paralleling technique C- bitewing radiographs record the coronal portions of teeth and alveolar crests of both arches D- occlusal radiographs record the maxillary or mandibular arch (for a portion thereof) on a singe image receptor

bitewing radiographs record the apices of teeth and surrounding bone

All of the following statements are correct except: - Panoramic radiographs show maxillary and mandibular teeth and supporting structures on the film/image - bitewing radiographs can be taken to supplement a panoramic radiograph - bitewings are not included in a full mouth series - a full mouth series of radiographs should be taken on all new adult patients

bitewings are not included in a full mouth series

Each of the following conditions is necessary for safe lighting except one. Which one is the exception? - adequate bulb wattage - appropriate filter color - safe distance from working area - black darkroom walls

black darkroom walls

Which of these protects the film from white light exposure? - solarized emulsion - lead foil - black paper - antihalation coating

black paper

T/F: If an image is too dark, it's the density. This can be corrected by decreasing the exposure time on the control panel.

both statements are true

The majority of x-rays produced by the dental x-ray machine are: - radioactive waste - coherent scattering - bremsstrahlung radiation - characteristic radiation

bremsstrahlung radiation

Which of the following is a condition classified under the not necessary category regarding CBCT examinations? - caries detection - endodontic therapy - evaluation of oral pathologic lesions - evaluation of sinus cavities

caries detection

Concutting of the radiographic image most likely results from an error made in which of the following steps? A- horizontal angulation B- centering the x-ray beam C- vertical angulation D- placement of the image receptor

centering the x-ray beam

The kVp setting must be 70 or higher to produce - scatter radiation - Bremsstrahlung radiation - secondary radiation - characteristic radiation

characteristic radiation

Does not cause ionization

coherent scattering

Which of the following components reduces scatter radiation? - focusing cup - target - collimator - filter

collimator

The advantages of using the Rinn XCP instruments include all of the following except: - can be used when exposing periapical and bitewing radiographs - places the film/sensor and long axis of the tooth parallel - comfortable for the patient - assist in PID placement

comfortable for the patient

When x-rays pass through matter, which interaction results in x-rays being scattered in all directions 60 percent of the time? A- Photoelectric effect B- Compton effect C- Coherent effect

compton effect

What does CBCT stand for? a. Cone beam computed time b. Cone beam computed tomography c. Cone beam correlation tomography d. Cone beam correlation time

cone beam computed tomography

Which of these is not a symptom of acute radiation syndrome? - nausea - hemorrhage - constipation - hair loss

constipation

Name the Syteme Internationale (SI) for the following: Exposure____ Absorbed Dose_____ Dose equivalent______

coulombs per kilogram (C/kg) gray (Gy) Sievert (Sv)

All of the following are advantages of panoramic radiographs except - decreased image distortion - minimal patient discomfort - simple procedure - reduce radiation dose

decreased image distortion

Which localization technique requires the exposure of only one radiograph? -tube-shift method -right-angle method -definitive evaluation method

definitive evaluation method

The degree of overall blackness of a radiographic image is termed - contrast - sharpness - density - resolution

density

Each of the following is a use of an occlusal radiograph except one. Which one is the exception?

detecting incipient, interproximal caries

Disto-oblique periapical radiographs are indicated for each of the following except one. Which is the exception? - suspected pathology located in the tuberosity area -a patient who cannot tolerate posterior placement of the image receptor -imaging impacted third molars -detection of interproximal caries

detection of interproximal caries

Which of these statements is false? A- diagnosis is the responsibility of the dental assistant and dental hygienist B- dental radiographs may be interpreted by all members of the oral health care team C- diagnosis is defined as identification and determination of the nature of an abnormal condition of disease D- dental radiographs may be viewed by the dentist, dental hygienist, or dental assistant

diagnosis is the responsibility of the dental assistant and dental hygienist

The purpose of the identification dot on the film packet is to

distinguish the patients right from left on the developed radiograph

Each of the following statements is true except one. Which one is the exception? - The function of the gelatin in film emulsion is to keep the silver halide crystals evenly suspended over the base - the invisible image on an x-ray film is called the "latent image" - silver halide in the emulsion is primarily silver bromide - during exposure, the x-rays strike and ionize all silver halide crystals on the film

during exposure, the x-rays strike and ionize all silver halide crystals on the film

The radiographer should do each of the following to aid in managing the apprehensive patient except one. Which one is the exception? -expose the more difficult posterior radiographs first -maintain control over the procedure -compliment the patient on his or her cooperation -demonstrate attentive listening

expose the more difficult posterior radiographs first

Each of the following affects film speed except one. Which one is the exception? - film packet size - special dyes - emulsion thickness - crystal size

film packet size

Intensity of the x-ray beam is affected by all of the following except - milliamerage - exposure time - kilovoltage - film speed

film speed

Intensity of the x-ray beam is affected by all of the following except: - milliamperage - kilovoltage - exposure time - film speed

film speed

In which of the following situations would four horizontal posterior bitewing radiographs be recommended? -following the eruption of the permanentsecond molar -prior to the eruption of the permanent second molar -following the eruption of the permanent forst molar -prior to the eruption of the permanent first molar

following the eruption of the permanent second molar

Which of the following describes the correct head positioning for a panoramic x-ray? - ala-tragus line parallel to the floor and frankfort plane 5 degrees toward the floor - frankfort plane and midsaggital plane perpendicular to the floor - midsaggital plane parallel to the floor and ala-tragus line perpendicular to the floor - frankfort plane parallel to the floor and midsaggital plane perpendicular to the floor

frankfort plane parallel to the floor and midsaggital plane perpendicular to the floor

The systeme internationale unit for measuring absorbed dose is the A- rad B- gray C- sievert D- rem

gray

All of the following are properties of x-rays except: (page 13 in our book) - have a negative charge - can affect biological tissues - travel at the speed of light - travel in straight lines

have a negative change

The more pixels in a digital image, the - lower the resolution and the sharper the image - higher the resolution and the sharper the image - lower the resolution and the less sharp the image - higher the resolution and the less sharp the image

higher the resolution and the sharper the image

The more the pixels in a digital image, the

higher the resolution and the sharper the image

The error that causes the teeth to appear overlapped is - PID placement doesn't cause overlapping - Horizontal placement of the PID or film/sensor - vertical placement of the PID or film/sensor - incorrect placement of the PID in relation to facial landmarks

horizontal placement of the PID or film/sensor

Each of the following is an objective of quality control except one. Which one is the exception? - reduce the occurrence of retake radiographs - maintain a high standard of image quality - keep patient and occupational exposures to a minimum - identify problems as soon as image quality is compromised

identify problems as soon as image quality is compromised

Each of the following would result in a retake radiograph except one. Which one is the exception? A- not imaging the correct tooth B- imaging 2mm of supporting bone beyond tooth apices C- conecutting the area of interest D- imaging a herringbone or tire track pattern

imaging 2mm of supporting bone beyond tooth apices

Elongation error results from which of the following? A- inadequate vertical angulation using the paralleling technique B- excessive vertical angulation using the paralleling technique C- excessive vertical angulation using the bisecting technique D- inadequate vertical angulation using the bisecting technique

inadequate vertical angulation using the bisecting technique

When changing the PID length from 8 inches (20.5 cm) to 16 inches (41 cm), what corresponding changes must be made to maintain image density?

increased exposure time

Which of the following statements about exposure is true? - decreasing exposure time darkens the radiograph - exposure time is difficult to change on most radiography machines - milliamperage affects radiographic contrast - increasing mA darkens the radiograph

increasing mA darkens the radiograph

Deciding whether to expose dental radiographs on a child patient is based on -sensitivity of the oral cavity -individual needs of the patient -behavior -age

individual needs of the patient

Which of the following statements regarding extraoral film is FALSE? - it is used outside the mouth - it comes individually wrapped in protective paper - it is called a "screen film" - it uses intensifying screens

it comes individually wrapped in protective paper

Which of these is not an advantage of digital imaging over film-based imaging? - it eliminates the need for a darkroom - it is easier to place into position in the oral cavity - images may be manipulated to enhance interpretation - there is less radiation exposure

it is easier to place into position in the oral cavity

Which of the following is not an advantage of the paralleling technique?

it is ideal for positioning radiographs for children

The advantage of manuel processing over automatic processing is that there is

less malfunction of processing equipment

Which of the following is most sensitive to damage from radiation? - epithelial cells - muscle cells - bone cells - lymphocytes

lymphocytes

Each of the following statements regarding quality assurance of the automatic processor is correct except one. Which one is the exception? - the water supply must be turned on and the dryer operating correctly to produce a clear, dry film - maintenance procedures and tests need to be performed annually under normal conditions - solution levels must be replenished and changed on a regular basis - a failed test should prompt the operator to check the solutions, the water supply, and the film dryer

maintenance procedures and tests need to be performed annually under normal conditions

For an adult vertical premolar bitewing, position the image receptor so that the anterior edge lines up

middle of canine

Each of the following is a term used to describe visual image characteristics except one. Which one is the exception? - density - milliamperage - sharpness - contrast

milliamperage

To mount and orient radiographic images, the radiographer must possess knowledge of A- film brands and sizes B- pathology and diagnosis C- normal anatomy

normal anatomy

Which of these dental practitioners would most likely use a lateral cephalometric radiograph to assess growth and development? -periodontist -orthodontist -endodontist -general practitioner

orthodontist

To best accommodate patients with disabilities, dental radiographers should do which of the following? -do not ask personal questions about the patients disability -talk directly to the patient -offer assistence -perform all of these

perform all of these

All of the following describe oral conditions for the prescription of CBCT relating to standard of care except one? Which one is the exception? - orthodontic assessment - dental implant assessment - periodontal evaluation - surgical tooth extraction

periodontal evaluation

Which of these is not a component of dental x-ray film? - phosphor crystals - protective layer - emulsion - base

phosphor crystals

Causes ionization

photoelectric effect, and compton effect

Which of these is used in indirect digital imaging? - complementary metal oxide semiconductor active pixel sensor (CMOS-APS) - photostimulable phosphor (PSP) plate - artificial intelligence - charge-coupled device

photostimulable phosphor (PSP) plate

When taking maxillary periapical radiographs the vertical angle of the PID is_______, and when taking bitewing radiographs the vertical angle is_________

positive, positive

Dental film has a polyester base for the purpose of

providing support for the emulsion

Dental film has a polyester base for the purpose of:

providing support for the emulsion

Each of the following appears radiopaque except one. Which one is the exception - pulp - dentin - enamel - bone

pulp

The function of the collimator in the dental x-ray machine is to - reduce the size of the x-ray beam - eliminate primary sources of radiation - eliminate secondary sources of radiation - allow for faster exposure times

reduce the size of the x-ray beam

Which extraoral radiographic image is used to examine fratures of the condylar neck? - submentovertex - lateral cephalometric - reverse towne - waters

reverse towne

Which localization technique requires the exposure of an occlusal radiograph? -definitive evaluation method -tube-shift method -right-angle method

right angle method

Name the traditional units for the following: Exposure____ Absorbed Dose_____ Dose equivalent______

roentgen (R) rad rem

Which of the following is NOT a type of digital image receptor? - charge-couples device - photostimulable phosphor - scanner - complementary metal oxide semiconductor

scanner

After orienting the embossed dots all the same way, the next suggested step when systematically mounting dental radiographs is to A-label the film mount with patient's name and date B- separate anterior periapical radiographs from posterior periapical radiographs C- separate periapical radiographs from mandibular periapical radiographs D- separate bitewing radiographs from periapical radiographs

separate bitewing radiographs from periapical radiographs

All of the following are considered basic rules of shadow casting except: - shortest object to film/sensor distance - shortest source to object distance - object and film/sensor should be parallel - radiation should strike the object and film/sensor at the right angle - use the smallest focal spot possible

shortest source to object distance

Which of these extraoral radiographs is most often used to show the base of the skull? -posteroanterior -lateral cephalometric -submentovertex -transcranial

submentovertex

The intensity of the x-ray beam is not affected by

target size

Which of the following statements regarding protection measures for the operator during exposure is false? - a drifting tube head should not be used until corrected - a structural barrier provides adequate protection during exposure - the ideal angle to stand from the path of the exiting x-ray beam is 180 degrees - the radiographer should stand at least 6 feet from the head of the patient without a barrier present

the ideal angle to stand from the path of the exiting x-ray bean is 180 degrees

The film/sensor size used for each patient is based on all of the following except: - the shape of the patients dental arches - the patients ability to tolerate the film.sensor - the patients age - the patients weight

the patients weight

Which portion of the dental film retains the latent image? - the protective layer - the gelatin - the silver halide crystals - the adhesive

the silver halide crystals

High velocity electrons produced during x-ray production are stopped by: - the focusing cup - the filament - the target - the radiator

the target

_______occurs when the tungsten filament is heated to incandescence. - electromagnetic radiation - thermionic emission - ionizing radiation - rectification

thermionic emission

Each of the following applies to all oral health care team members except one. Which one is the exception? - they should be provided with training opportunities to assure competency - they must be informed of how and why quality control tests are to be performed - they can be given authority to carry out specific aspects of the quality control program - they are responsible for participating in state inspections

they are responsible for participating in state inspections

Which of these statements regarding the competency operators is FALSE? - they must be able to carry out an effective quality assurance program - they must be competent in exposing, processing, and monitoring dental radiographs - they must know when to prescribe dental radiographs - they must be able to identify errors that occur on dental radiographs

they must know when to prescribe dental radiographs

Which of the following statements regarding lead aprons is false? - their use is in keeping with the ALARA concept - they should be folded and stored when not in use - they provide a protective barrier against scatter radiation - they are fabricated of 0.25 mm lead or lead-equivalent materials

they should be folded and stored when not in use

Which of the following statements about x-rays is not true? A- they travel at the speed of light B- they are invisible C- they have no mass D- they travel in convergent lines

they travel in convergent lines

Dental x-ray output consistency testing

use of step-wedge

Light images may result from each of the following except one. Which one is the exception A- developing in weak processing solutions B- using an mA setting that was too high C- not depressing the exposure button for the duration of the cycle D- placing the image receptor (film) in the mouth backwards

using an mA that was too high

Recording an unequal distribution of the arches when taking a bitewing radiograph is caused by incorrect

vertical angulation

Anterior periapical radiographs should be positioned in the oral cavity with the long dimension_______, and posterior periapical radiographs should be positioned in the oral cavity with the long dimension_______.

vertical, horizontal

Each of the following protects the radiographer from radiation except one. Which one is the exception? - standing behind protective shielding during exposure - spending less time exposing radiographs - wearing a personnel monitoring device - increasing the distance from the source of radiation

wearing a personnel monitoring device

A mounting method

with the labial method, the viewer is reading the radiographs as if facing the patient

Do the following interactions cause ionization? State yes/no for each: compton scatter photoelectric effect coherent scatter

yes-compton scatter and photoelectric effect no- coherent scatter