Radiology chapter 38,39,40,41,42

When using a #2 film sensor for anterior views using the paralleling technique, the number of anterior images taken is:

6

Scatter radiation

A form of secondary radiation that occurs when an x-ray beam has been deflected from its path by interaction with matter

Milliamperage (mA)

A measurement unit for electrical current passing throw the tungsten filament

Calibration of dental x-ray equipment should be performed by:

A qualified technician

Who can be held legally responsible for a dental assistant's actions?

Both the dentist and dental assistant

According to the test for x-ray film freshness, the film is fresh and has been properly stored and handled when the processed film appears:

Clean with a slight blue tint

Quality assurance is a way of ensuring that everything possible is being done to produce high-quality diagnostic images and includes:

Control tests and administration procedures.

Crestal bone

Coronal portion of alveolar bone found between the teeth

The Consumer-Patient Radiation Health and Safety Act is a federal law that requires all:

Dental x-ray machines to be registered and persons who use x-rays to take dental images to be certified.

Radiographic images on an edentulous patient might be required for:

Detecting retained root tips, impacted teeth, lesions and identifying objects embedded in the bone

Vertical angulation:

Differs according to the technique being used. Refers to the up-and-down plane. Can be determined in degrees marked on the outside of the tubehead.

The process of informing the patient about the nature and purpose of dental imaging is termed:

Disclosure

All the following are true regarding the transfer of dental images except:

A reasonable fee may be charged The dentist should be informed of the request *The originals are sent When and where the images were sent need to be recorded on the patient's chart.

The American Dental Association recommends that films be mounted:

According to the labial mounting method.

The alignment of the x-ray beam in the horizontal and vertical planes formed by the long axis of the teeth and the film sensor placement is referred to as:

Angulation

If the patient is in a wheelchair, does not have the use of his or her upper limbs, and a film sensor holder cannot be used to stabilize the film sensor, you should:

Ask the patient's caregiver to assist in holding the film sensor.

All the following are true statements regarding the preparation of the operatory for dental imaging except:

Barriers do not need to be used because spatter of blood and saliva is unlikely.

Following the completion of the film-screen contact test, areas of good film-screen contact will:

Be uniform Be darker Vary in densities

What should the dental assistant do if a patient refuses dental imaging?

Document in the patient's record the fact that he or she refused recommended dental imaging and explain to the patient the importance of dental imaging.

The most critical component in film processing quality control is:

Maintaining the freshness of the processing solutions

control panel contains

Master switch, indicator light, selector buttons, exposure button

For the patient with a hypersensitive gag reflex, the teeth that should be exposed last are:

Maxillary molars

Dental records must contain documentation of the ___________of dental images taken.

Number Type Quality

The number of bitewing films needed is based on the curvature of the arch and the:

Number of teeth present in the posterior area

1st dental radiograph

Otto Walkhoff

Incorrect horizontal angulation of the PID results in:

Overlapped contact areas

When taking periapical images, it is best to start with anterior images because:

Patients are less likely to gag with anterior film sensor placement and patients can tolerate the film sensor size easier.

what are the three types of radiation

Primary radiation, secondary radiation, and scatter radiation

The simplest method for ensuring the freshness of each box of film is to:

Process one film from each box with fresh chemicals.

air spaces, soft tissue of the body, and dental pulp are examples of:

Radiolucent image

metal, enamel, and dense are of the bone are examples of :

Radiopaque structures

The number of x-ray views that makes a patient's full-mouth series depends on:

The dentists preference The number of teeth present in a patient's mouth. Whether the paralleling or the bisecting technique is used.

One technique for the management of the patient with a gag reflex is to:

Use extraoral images

Following removal of an exposed film or PSP from a patient's mouth, the film/PSP should be:

Wiped free of saliva using a dry 2 x 2-inch gauze sponge or paper towel.

Secondary radiation

X-radiation that is created when the primary beam interacts with matter

Central ray

X-ray at center of beam

Transporting PSP films should be done by placing them in:

a black transfer box

Sterilized positioning instruments should be removed from the packages:

after the patient is seated

PID used for

aiming the x-ray beam at the film in the patient mouth

Primary radiation is:

also called the useful beam; the beam of x-rays that come from the target

tubehead seal is made up of

aluminum and glass

The dental assistant exposing a periapical film occlusal surface or incisal edge to the: sensor using the paralleling technique should always start with the:

anterior teeth

A periapical view shows the tooth from the occlusal surface or incisal edge to the:

approximately 2 to 3 mm beyond the apex

PSPs

are a major source of cross-contamination

radiolucent structures appears _____ or ______ on the radiograph

black or dark

the vacuum environment allows the electrons to flow with minimum resistance between he electrodes

cathode anode

Quality control for the darkroom should include:

checking for light leaks every six months, safelight testing, and equipment testing

If the central ray of the x-ray beam is not centered on the film sensor, a partial image will result on the film sensor, which is called a(n):

cone cut

Exposure button

controls the flow of electricity to generate x-rays.

Dental images are the property of the:

dentist

It is the responsibility of the ___________to discuss the need for dental imaging.

dentist

three factors that influence density

distance from the x-ray developing time and temperature body size of the patient

Extension arm

encloses the wire between the tubehead and the control panel

impulses

exposure time is measured in a factions of a second

shorten the wavelength of an x-ray the _____ is its energy

greater

____ kilovoltage produce more penetrating x-ray and ___ radiographic contrast

higher and lower

Density

is the overall blackness or darkness of an image

extension arm functioin

is to position the tubehead

Cathode purpose

is too supplies the electrons necessary to generate x-ray

a 90-kVp setting requires ____ exposure time

less and more shades of gray

the developing processing time is too ____ the radiograph will appear dark

long

a 70-kVp setting requires a slightly ______ exposure time

longer and has fewer shades of gray

Elongated and foreshortened

longer or shorter

the degree of density is determined by the ______ seconds

milliampere or mAs

the hotter the filament become the ____ electrons are produced

more

three characteristics of the x-ray beam

quality, quantity, intensity

Radiopaque

substances that do not permit the passage of x-rays

Metal housing

the metal body of the tubehead that surrounds the x-ray tube

the only person that can help during a x-ray process

the only time anybody can help with the x-ray process is when a kid is unable to sit still long enough to a x-ray the patient parents/whoever with them/ person assistant for special needs

Basic principles of the bitewing technique include the:

* image receptor is placed in the mouth parallel to the crown of both the upper and lower teeth * image is stabilized when the patient bites in the bitewing * Central ray is directed through the contacts of the teeth using +10 degrees horizontal angulation.

The bitewing view shows the:

-The crowns and interproximal areas of the maxillary and mandibular teeth. -The crestal bone

three components of the dental x-ray machine

-tubehead -extension arm -control panel

30 impulses = __ second

0.5

the aluminum filter for a tubeheads is ____ mm thick

0.5

60 impulses =__second

1

What size film sensor is used for the anterior region of the mouth?

1

An intraoral full-mouth survey on an adult consists of __________images.

18 to 20

what year was the radiograph used

1896

For a film to be properly processed, it should be left in a fixer solution, at full strength, for:

2 mins

filament circuit used __ to __ V to heat the tungsten filament

3 to 5

In adults, a size #_______intraoral film is used for the occlusal technique.

4

When using a size #1 film sensor for anterior images using the paralleling technique, ________ maxillary and__________ mandibular images are exposed

4: 3

1st practical to use of radiology

Dr. C.Edmund Kell

Incorrect vertical angulation can result in an image that is:

Elongated and foreshortened

An administrative quality control plan:

Ensures that each individual is trained to perform assigned duties. Maintains a written description of the quality insurance plan. Maintains records of control tests.

Given normal use, processing solutions should be changed:

Every 3 to 4 weeks

Factors that can affect the quality of dental radiographs include:

Film sensor placement Exposure Processing

A good protocol to follow for decreasing the contamination of dental imaging equipment and supplies is to:

Gather all supplies needed before beginning the procedure. Use overgloves if additional supplies are needed during a procedure. Ask for help

Once films are removed from the mouth, they are considered contaminated and should be:

Handled only with gloved hands

Which of the following must be disclosed to the patient before obtaining informed consent for dental radiographs?

Risks and benefits of the images Person who will be exposing Consequences of not having images

All the following statements are true regarding the care of intensifying screens except

Screens should be cleaned with a commercial cleaner after each use.

According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Guidelines for Infection Control in Dental Healthcare Settings- 2003, digital radiography sensors:

Should use FDA-cleared barriers.

PID

position indicating device

Tubehead

tightly sealed, heavy metal housing that contains the x-ray tube that produces dental x-rays

the developing ______ and ______ can affect the overall density

time and temperature

Kilovoltage peak (kVp)

used to control the penetrating power of the x-ray beam

master switch

used to turn the x-ray machine on and off

When a daily radiograph is lighter than the reference radiograph, it indicates the developer is too:

weak

Radiopaque structures appears _____ or ____ on the radiograph

white or light gray