Radiology chapter 38,39,40,41,42
When using a #2 film sensor for anterior views using the paralleling technique, the number of anterior images taken is:
6
Scatter radiation
A form of secondary radiation that occurs when an x-ray beam has been deflected from its path by interaction with matter
Milliamperage (mA)
A measurement unit for electrical current passing throw the tungsten filament
Calibration of dental x-ray equipment should be performed by:
A qualified technician
Who can be held legally responsible for a dental assistant's actions?
Both the dentist and dental assistant
According to the test for x-ray film freshness, the film is fresh and has been properly stored and handled when the processed film appears:
Clean with a slight blue tint
Quality assurance is a way of ensuring that everything possible is being done to produce high-quality diagnostic images and includes:
Control tests and administration procedures.
Crestal bone
Coronal portion of alveolar bone found between the teeth
The Consumer-Patient Radiation Health and Safety Act is a federal law that requires all:
Dental x-ray machines to be registered and persons who use x-rays to take dental images to be certified.
Radiographic images on an edentulous patient might be required for:
Detecting retained root tips, impacted teeth, lesions and identifying objects embedded in the bone
Vertical angulation:
Differs according to the technique being used. Refers to the up-and-down plane. Can be determined in degrees marked on the outside of the tubehead.
The process of informing the patient about the nature and purpose of dental imaging is termed:
Disclosure
All the following are true regarding the transfer of dental images except:
A reasonable fee may be charged The dentist should be informed of the request *The originals are sent When and where the images were sent need to be recorded on the patient's chart.
The American Dental Association recommends that films be mounted:
According to the labial mounting method.
The alignment of the x-ray beam in the horizontal and vertical planes formed by the long axis of the teeth and the film sensor placement is referred to as:
Angulation
If the patient is in a wheelchair, does not have the use of his or her upper limbs, and a film sensor holder cannot be used to stabilize the film sensor, you should:
Ask the patient's caregiver to assist in holding the film sensor.
All the following are true statements regarding the preparation of the operatory for dental imaging except:
Barriers do not need to be used because spatter of blood and saliva is unlikely.
Following the completion of the film-screen contact test, areas of good film-screen contact will:
Be uniform Be darker Vary in densities
What should the dental assistant do if a patient refuses dental imaging?
Document in the patient's record the fact that he or she refused recommended dental imaging and explain to the patient the importance of dental imaging.
The most critical component in film processing quality control is:
Maintaining the freshness of the processing solutions
control panel contains
Master switch, indicator light, selector buttons, exposure button
For the patient with a hypersensitive gag reflex, the teeth that should be exposed last are:
Maxillary molars
Dental records must contain documentation of the ___________of dental images taken.
Number Type Quality
The number of bitewing films needed is based on the curvature of the arch and the:
Number of teeth present in the posterior area
1st dental radiograph
Otto Walkhoff
Incorrect horizontal angulation of the PID results in:
Overlapped contact areas
When taking periapical images, it is best to start with anterior images because:
Patients are less likely to gag with anterior film sensor placement and patients can tolerate the film sensor size easier.
what are the three types of radiation
Primary radiation, secondary radiation, and scatter radiation
The simplest method for ensuring the freshness of each box of film is to:
Process one film from each box with fresh chemicals.
air spaces, soft tissue of the body, and dental pulp are examples of:
Radiolucent image
metal, enamel, and dense are of the bone are examples of :
Radiopaque structures
The number of x-ray views that makes a patient's full-mouth series depends on:
The dentists preference The number of teeth present in a patient's mouth. Whether the paralleling or the bisecting technique is used.
One technique for the management of the patient with a gag reflex is to:
Use extraoral images
Following removal of an exposed film or PSP from a patient's mouth, the film/PSP should be:
Wiped free of saliva using a dry 2 x 2-inch gauze sponge or paper towel.
Secondary radiation
X-radiation that is created when the primary beam interacts with matter
Central ray
X-ray at center of beam
Transporting PSP films should be done by placing them in:
a black transfer box
Sterilized positioning instruments should be removed from the packages:
after the patient is seated
PID used for
aiming the x-ray beam at the film in the patient mouth
Primary radiation is:
also called the useful beam; the beam of x-rays that come from the target
tubehead seal is made up of
aluminum and glass
The dental assistant exposing a periapical film occlusal surface or incisal edge to the: sensor using the paralleling technique should always start with the:
anterior teeth
A periapical view shows the tooth from the occlusal surface or incisal edge to the:
approximately 2 to 3 mm beyond the apex
PSPs
are a major source of cross-contamination
radiolucent structures appears _____ or ______ on the radiograph
black or dark
the vacuum environment allows the electrons to flow with minimum resistance between he electrodes
cathode anode
Quality control for the darkroom should include:
checking for light leaks every six months, safelight testing, and equipment testing
If the central ray of the x-ray beam is not centered on the film sensor, a partial image will result on the film sensor, which is called a(n):
cone cut
Exposure button
controls the flow of electricity to generate x-rays.
Dental images are the property of the:
dentist
It is the responsibility of the ___________to discuss the need for dental imaging.
dentist
three factors that influence density
distance from the x-ray developing time and temperature body size of the patient
Extension arm
encloses the wire between the tubehead and the control panel
impulses
exposure time is measured in a factions of a second
shorten the wavelength of an x-ray the _____ is its energy
greater
____ kilovoltage produce more penetrating x-ray and ___ radiographic contrast
higher and lower
Density
is the overall blackness or darkness of an image
extension arm functioin
is to position the tubehead
Cathode purpose
is too supplies the electrons necessary to generate x-ray
a 90-kVp setting requires ____ exposure time
less and more shades of gray
the developing processing time is too ____ the radiograph will appear dark
long
a 70-kVp setting requires a slightly ______ exposure time
longer and has fewer shades of gray
Elongated and foreshortened
longer or shorter
the degree of density is determined by the ______ seconds
milliampere or mAs
the hotter the filament become the ____ electrons are produced
more
three characteristics of the x-ray beam
quality, quantity, intensity
Radiopaque
substances that do not permit the passage of x-rays
Metal housing
the metal body of the tubehead that surrounds the x-ray tube
the only person that can help during a x-ray process
the only time anybody can help with the x-ray process is when a kid is unable to sit still long enough to a x-ray the patient parents/whoever with them/ person assistant for special needs
Basic principles of the bitewing technique include the:
* image receptor is placed in the mouth parallel to the crown of both the upper and lower teeth * image is stabilized when the patient bites in the bitewing * Central ray is directed through the contacts of the teeth using +10 degrees horizontal angulation.
The bitewing view shows the:
-The crowns and interproximal areas of the maxillary and mandibular teeth. -The crestal bone
three components of the dental x-ray machine
-tubehead -extension arm -control panel
30 impulses = __ second
0.5
the aluminum filter for a tubeheads is ____ mm thick
0.5
60 impulses =__second
1
What size film sensor is used for the anterior region of the mouth?
1
An intraoral full-mouth survey on an adult consists of __________images.
18 to 20
what year was the radiograph used
1896
For a film to be properly processed, it should be left in a fixer solution, at full strength, for:
2 mins
filament circuit used __ to __ V to heat the tungsten filament
3 to 5
In adults, a size #_______intraoral film is used for the occlusal technique.
4
When using a size #1 film sensor for anterior images using the paralleling technique, ________ maxillary and__________ mandibular images are exposed
4: 3
1st practical to use of radiology
Dr. C.Edmund Kell
Incorrect vertical angulation can result in an image that is:
Elongated and foreshortened
An administrative quality control plan:
Ensures that each individual is trained to perform assigned duties. Maintains a written description of the quality insurance plan. Maintains records of control tests.
Given normal use, processing solutions should be changed:
Every 3 to 4 weeks
Factors that can affect the quality of dental radiographs include:
Film sensor placement Exposure Processing
A good protocol to follow for decreasing the contamination of dental imaging equipment and supplies is to:
Gather all supplies needed before beginning the procedure. Use overgloves if additional supplies are needed during a procedure. Ask for help
Once films are removed from the mouth, they are considered contaminated and should be:
Handled only with gloved hands
Which of the following must be disclosed to the patient before obtaining informed consent for dental radiographs?
Risks and benefits of the images Person who will be exposing Consequences of not having images
All the following statements are true regarding the care of intensifying screens except
Screens should be cleaned with a commercial cleaner after each use.
According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Guidelines for Infection Control in Dental Healthcare Settings- 2003, digital radiography sensors:
Should use FDA-cleared barriers.
PID
position indicating device
Tubehead
tightly sealed, heavy metal housing that contains the x-ray tube that produces dental x-rays
the developing ______ and ______ can affect the overall density
time and temperature
Kilovoltage peak (kVp)
used to control the penetrating power of the x-ray beam
master switch
used to turn the x-ray machine on and off
When a daily radiograph is lighter than the reference radiograph, it indicates the developer is too:
weak
Radiopaque structures appears _____ or ____ on the radiograph
white or light gray