Radiology Final quizlet (test 1,2,3,4, & weeks after)
which film size is used for 3-5 year olds
0
you are taking bw images on a 7 year old, what size film or sensor should you use
1
you set your exposure timer at 30 impulses, what portion of a second what that be
1/2
lets do that backwards, 1/6 of a second would be how many impulses
10
what is the minimum time in fixer if your solution is 68 degrees
10 minutes
what is the minimum time in fixer, if your solutions are at 68 degrees
10 minutes
To prevent overlap in the automatic process, how long should you wait before placing a film in the same slot
10 seconds
to prevent film, overlap in the automatic process, how long should you wait before placing a film in the same slot
10 seconds
If a child does not yet have their second molars, how many total bitewings should you take
2
what is the maximum diameter of the round PID
2 3/4 inches
what is the maximum time you should have an opened film in the darkroom prior to processing
2.5 minutes
if you are operating an x-ray machine with a kVp of 76, the thickness of the filter should be
2.5 mm
What is the recommendation for an adult recall patient with no history of decay or periodontal disease for BW's
24-26 months
How many minutes was the first x-ray exposure
25 minutes
this film size is used for adult occlusal projections
4
what is the minimum distance that the darkroom safelight can be from the work area
4 feet
processing solutions, regardless of the amount of use, should be replaced at least every
4 weeks
processing solutions, regardless of the amount of use should be replaced at least every
4 weeks (one month)
film should be stored at what humidity level
40-60%
The annual maximum permissible dose for the general public is?
5 mSv
The nonpregnant healthcare worker can receive an MPD of:
50 mSv
the max permissible dose (MPD) for persons occupational involved with radiation is how many mSv per year
50 mSv
if we are standing 2ft from the radiation source and radiation level is 20 Sv. if we move out to 4ft from the radiation source, what would be radiation level
5Sv
Which is the recommendation for an adult recall patient with recent caries and high risk of disease for BW's
6-18 months
To test the fixer solution, an exposed undeveloped film placed in fixer, should become clear in how many seconds:
60
The maximum cumulative permissible dose of radiation for a 30 year old dental assistant is:
600 mSv
what is the ideal temperature for manual processing of films
68
What is the minimum amount of time you should retain the radiographs of an adult patient after they no longer are your patient
7 years
what is the minimum amount of the time you should retain radiographs of an adult patient after they no longer are your patient
7 years
if you are taking an FMX 14/4 or an FMX 16/4, how many posterior radiographs/images would you take
8
which of the following is not an advantage of digital radiography A. size and comfort of the sensor B. reduced patient radiation C. paperless film storage
A
which of the following would cause a darker film A. overused developer solution B. temperature too high in developer C. too long in the developer D. overexposure
A
the primary source of energy for our x-ray machine is
AC current
The step wedge can be used to test each of the following except
Adequacy of the safelight
Interproximal caries that is in dentin but less than ½ to the pulp is called
Advanced
Which of the following restorations is the most radiopaque
Amalgam
The darkroom safelight should be checked for cracks etc.
Annually
name the equipment used to make the first x-ray exposure
Anode Ray Tube and Cathode Ray Tube
Which of the following quality control tests should be done most frequently?
Automatic processor or solution tests
all of the following are advantages of the automatic processor except A. increased capacity for processing B. less maintenance of equipment C. decreased time for processing D. less labor intensive
B
which of the following does not apply to panoramic images A. may use a 5X12 or 6X12 inch fim B. good for evaluation of periodontal disease C. may be easier for patient to tolerate procedure
B
BW films should be taken:
Based on individual needs
the deflection of the electron at the target causing the production of an x-ray photon is called "braking radiation" or
Bremsstrahlung radiation
all of the following affect the quality of processing solutions except A.the age of the solutions B. the size of the films processed C. the type of safelight
C
tomography is associated with which of the following A. a transcranial image B.a cephalogram C. a panoramic image
C
Which of the following is seen as a shadow at the CEJ area and can be confused for decay
Cervical burnout
Which of the following is not a quality control test for the x-ray machine?
Coin test
The dental assistant should consider all of the following to deal with cultural sensitivity except:
Communicate in writing only
Which safety act requires training for those individuals working with radiation?
Consumer/Patient Radiation Health and Safety Act of 1982
the lateral head or "chep" image may include all of the following except A. may use an 8X10 size film B. helpful for evaluating need for orthodontic treatment C. film or receptor is parallel to the midsagittal plane D. X-ray enters from the posterior position of the head
D
which of the following does not cause a clear film A. no exposure B. overfixing C. overwashing D. overdeveloping
D
You note decay on tooth "T", what type of caries is that
Deciduous caries
The courts have ruled that radiographs are the property of the
Dentist
what is the current manual processing sequence
Developer, Wash, Fix, Wash
A very curved root is called a
Dilacerated root
Ideally, which of the following is the correct infection control procedure for a digital sensor?
Disinfect, apply plastic barrier, disinfect after use
the name of the individual who made the first x-ray exposure in 1895 was
Dr. Roentgen
What term works best for comparing radiation exposure?
Effective dose equivalent
BW for a child with primary teeth and caries risk should be taken how often
Every 6-12 months
When a patient expresses opposition to take radiographs to, the radiographer should
Explain why the radiographs are needed and the benefits
when a patient expresses opposition to take radiographs, the radiographer should
Explain why the radiographs are needed and the benefits
Although we try to limit objects and sue the spray/wipe method, which of the following should not be sprayed?
Exposure button and control panel
A dosimeter will tell you immediately if the radiographer has been exposed to too much radiation
False
A new patient exam requires a new FMX, regardless of recent radiographs taken elsewhere
False
A patient who is told gagging is "all in your mind" will experience fewer gagging problems
False
A supplemental radiograph or image is the same as an unnecessary radiograph or image
False
A thin radiolucent line across the root surface may be an indicator of a fracture
False
After completion of radiographic procedures, you may spray all surfaces handled with a disinfectant.
False
An individual radiograph that is not completely diagnostic must always be retaken.
False
As long as a patient signs a form to say they refuse radiographs, the dentist is not liable for images
False
Caries that is advanced can be reversed with proper home care
False
Composite resin restorations can look like decay on radiographs
False
If a patient has a shallow pallet and you are unable to get the sensor/film positioned correctly, you should use the paralleling technique
False
If a patient is pregnant and presents with a toothache and chip of tooth #30, you should treat without a radiograph and take radiographs after delivery date
False
If the processor solutions are weak or the x-ray machine output is weak, the step wedge will turn out darker than normal.
False
It is important to check the expiration date on the film box and use your oldest expired film first
False
Legally dental radiographs or images must be retained for 5 years
False
Nonmetallic restorations such as composite show up more radiopaque than metallic restorations
False
Rampant caries is when you identify multiple severe areas of decay
False
Roentgen, RAM, and REM are all current terms used to for radiation measurement
False
The MPD for an occupational worker is 100 mSv
False
The biteguard in the panoramic machine is considered a noncritical item
False
The horizontal and vertical angle must be modified for vertical bitewings
False
The patient record is considered confidential, but not the radiographs
False
Transfer of the patient to a dental chair for radiographs is required for all wheelchair patient's
False
True or False: the panoramic radiograph is as accurate as an FMX in detecting dental caries
False
True or False: the rapid process solution chemistry used in manual processing is the same as regular processing solutions
False
When doing the coin test; when an image of the coin appears on the processed radiograph, the safelight is adequate
False
When taking vertical bitewings, you do not need to see the distal of the canine on the premolar bitewing
False
When the automatic processor is functioning properly, an unexposed film will exit the processor dry and clear
False
When using film, a panogram is about 1/4th exposure of an FMX
False
stainless steel crowns and gold crowns are radiolucent on an x-ray
False
the angle of the mandible is usually visible on a panoramic image
False
the anterior nasal spine is radiolucent
False
the head of the condyle is seen on a molar PA
False
the mental ridge is usually seen only in the premolar region
False
Which of the following is not true of the edentulous survey?
Film mounting is easier since there are no teeth
Which of the following removes longwave and soft radiation?
Filtration
which of the following solutions is acidic and hardens the film
Fixer Solution
a safelight filter used for high speed or extraoral film
GBX filter
Interproximal caries that is on the surface or just in to the enamel of the tooth is called
Incipient
Which of the following would allow you to see more of the distal 3rd molar area on a mandibular periapical film/sensor:
Increase horizontal angle
The greatest negative effect of increasing horizontal angle to record a third molar is
Interproximal overlap
Which of the following is a radiopacity outline of the tooth root
Lamina dura
Which foramen is surrounded by the genial tubercle
Lingual
a safelight filter used for slow speed D film
ML2 filter
which will appear radiolucent on a dental x-ray
Mandibular canal
Placing the image receptor in which of the following is most likely to initiate a gag reflex:
Maxillary molar
Which of the following is not seen in a maxillary central incisor PA
Maxillary tuberosity
Which foramen is visible in the mandibular premolar area
Mental
a supernumeatory tooth between the maxillary centrals is called a
Mesiodens
a supernumeratory tooth between the maxillary centrals is called a
Mesiodens
which of the following is not seen in a maxillary molar PA
Nasal fossa
Cultural barriers
Non-English speaking, different beliefs or traditions affecting patient care
Which of the following may be autoclaved or heat sterilized?
Non-disposable film/sensor holder
The lead apron is classified as:
Noncritical object
Which of the following is noted as decay on the biting surface
Occlusal caries
which of the following is noted as decay on the biting surface
Occlusal caries
Which of the following is a radiolucent line that outlines the tooth root
PDL space
stores the x-ray energy until a laser scanner reads the plate and converts it into a digital image
PSP
which of the following stores the x-ray energy until a laser scanner reads the plate and converts it into a digital image
PSP
a device used to convert latent image on the PSP plate to a visible image
PSP scanner
Which of the following is not radiolucent
Palate
What is the recommendation for a child with mixed dentition that is a new patient
Panoramic and BW's
what is the recommendation for a child with mixed dentition that is a new patient
Panoramic and BW's
Each of the following is a factor that influences radiation effect, EXCEPT:
Patient gender
Radiographs are best at detecting incipient caries at which location
Proximal (between the teeth)
Calcified area in the pulp is called a
Pulp stone
Which of the following cells would be most sensitive to radiation?
Red blood cells
which filter is used for fast speed or sensitive extraoral films
Red or GBX filter
When using a step wedge or quality control device test, the film processed under ideal conditions and exposure is called?
Reference film
Which type of periodontal bone loss involves at least 50% bone loss
Severe
Which of the following is not true of the patient apron?
Should be neatly folded when not in use
Which of the following is not radiopaque
Sinus
Which of the following is not a result of high-level radiation exposure?
Skin erythema
Which of the following would be least sensitive to radiation?
Slow growing mature tissue
Nutrient canals visible in the lower anterior PA's, appears as
Small radiolucent lines
Which of the following does not help the apprehensive patient?
Tell them it won't be that bad
Each of the following aids in reducing patient radiation exposure, except:
The PID should be 1 inch from the patients face
Dens in Dente appears radiographically as a
Tooth in a tooth
Which of the following may indicate the need for radiographs?
Tooth mobility, history of large or deep carious lesions, evidence of periodontal disease, patient history of pain or trauma
A dental abscess as a radiolucency near the root apex
True
A gag reflex is a result of both a physiologic and behavioral response
True
A panogram, which usually requires a 12-15 second exposure exposes the patient to more radiation than an FMX
True
A periodontal patient with bone loss often requires the use of vertical bitewings
True
A porcelain fused to metal crown appears radiopaque on an x-ray
True
A stainless steel crow is radiopaque like a gold crown on an x-ray
True
As part of the quality assurance program for radiology, quality control testing should be documented, and a retake log should also be recorded
True
Beginning exposures in the front of the mouth helps to decrease gag reflex
True
Both the dentist and the dental assistant taking the radiographs are liable for procedures performed by the dental assistant
True
Caries appear more radiolucent than the surrounding tissue because the areas of decay are less dense and less mineralized
True
Competent radiographers are part of a quality assurance program
True
Composite resins appear more radiolucent than amalgam on an x-ray
True
Dental radiographers who demonstrate confidence and organization can lead to improved patient cooperation
True
Depending on need patient BW's may be taken anywhere from 6-36 months
True
Excess amalgam often caused by improper matrix placement is called an amalgam overhang
True
For patients with erupted 3rd molars, 6 bitewings may be required for vertical BW's
True
Informed consent allows the patient to make good decisions regarding a procedure
True
Mandibular tori show up as radiopaque areas in the premolar region
True
Measures taken to protect the patient from excess radiation also benefit the radiographer
True
Motor and hearing disorders are items to consider when treating the elderly
True
Resorption of tooth surface can occur internally or externally
True
Risk management strategies and good patient relations reduce the risk of possible legal actions
True
Taking the time to explain the procedure in language a child understands can reduce a child's apprehension
True
The best area to locate proximal caries is at the contact point
True
The computer monitor should be checked for minimal glare or proper resolution
True
The decay is usually deeper than what we see on the radiograph
True
The laws allowing qualified individuals to place and expose dental radiographs vary from state to state
True
The occupational MPD (mSv) for a health care worker allows for 10 times as much radiation compared to a non-occupational exposure.
True
The purpose of "spilling" the x-ray film out of the film packet in the darkroom is to prevent contamination of the film
True
The quality control portion of the quality assurance plan includes tests that ensure the radiographic procedures are producing diagnostic quality radiographs
True
Two of the primary benefits of a radiology quality assurance program are production of diagnostic quality radiographs and minimal radiation exposure.
True
Wheelchair patients who can temporarily support their own weight are easier to transfer than those who are unable to support their own weight
True
When taking radiographic images, the use of medication for a patient with involuntary movement to decrease movement is a possible option
True
a dental abscess may show up as a radiolucency near the root apex
True
a porcelain fuse to metal crown appears both white and gray on an x-ray
True
both the dentist and the dental assistant taking the radiographs are liable for procedures performed by the dental assistant
True
cementum is usually seen on most PA images
True
informed consent allows the patient to make good decisions regarding a procedure
True
mandibular tori show up as radiopaque areas in the premolar region
True
the cervical spine and palate are both radiopaque areas that may be visible on a panoramic image
True
the coronoid process is the only mandibular structure visible on a maxillary PA
True
the mandibular canal is a radiolucent band that houses the inferior alveolar nerve and is often seen on the mandibular molar PA
True
the mental foramen is located close to the mandibular premolars
True
the nasal fossa are located on both sides of the anterior nasal spine
True
Following the radiographic procedure, the treatment area should be disinfected using which type of gloves?
Utility gloves
When the bone loss is angled and not parallel to the CEJ lines, it is called
Vertical bone loss
which extra-oral image best shows maxillary sinus pathology
Water's projection
which extra-oral image, best shows maxillary sinus pathology
Water's projection
A patient is less likely to gag or have difficulty with sensor placement
When instructing the patient to breathe through their nose
Where may the barrier packets work best?
With regular film and daylight loader and PSP plates
which of the following film holders uses a ring of a plastic to help orient the PID to the film or sensor
XCP
On a PA image of the maxillary molars, which structure may be superimposed over the roots of the molars
Zygomatic process
you have a light leak in your darkroom, how will the coin test appear
a black film with a white circle in the center
incomplete fixing would cause
a brownish yellow coloring on the film
PSP scanner
a device used to convert latent image on the PSP plate to a visible image
pixel
a dot or picture element that when put together create an image
Consumer Patient Radiation Health and Safety Act
a federal act that requires states to determine training requirements and eligibility to take radiographs
Hypersensitive gag reflex
a greater than average response involving tactile and behavioral influence
Anesthetic rinse
a liquid used to numb or anesthetize the tissue surface
tomography is associated with which of the following
a panoramic image
what would be equivalent in a sensor of the silver crystals in a dental film
a pixel
what would be the equivalent in a sensor of the silver crystals in a dental film
a pixel
gag reflex
a protective mechanism that serves to keep the airway from obstruction
GBX Filter
a safelight filter used for high speed or Extraoral films
ML2 Filter
a safelight filter used for slow speed D film
barrier envelope
a special plastic envelope that covers a size 1 or 2 film
Coin Test
a test to evaluate darkroom light leaks
which selection is descriptive of panoramic imaging technique
a thyroid collar cannot be used because it will block the x-ray beam
The amount of exposure for an FMX using high speed film is equivalent to how many days of background radiation?
a. 2.9
White circles on the processed film may be caused by
air bubbles on film during development
white circles on the processed film may be caused by
air bubbles on the film during development
Calcium Tungstate and rare earth minerals that fluoresce are found in
an intensifying screen
calcium tungstate and rare earth minerals that fluoresce are found in
an intensifying screen
the ideal head position for exposing the maxillary topographic occlusal radiograph is
an occlusal plane parallel to floor and midsagital plane perpendicular to floor
several visual features of the dentition can be used to asses whether the teeth are positioned correctly within the focal trough. which selection is a visual assessment feature
anterior teeth in focus with pulp canal clearly seen
protective barrie
any material often plastic that prevents contamination
distraction technique
anything that helps divert the patient's attention from film or sensor placement
noncritical area
areas that may contact intact skin or aerosols
if a barrier is not present, the safest place to stand in an area of radiation exposure is
at least 6 ft from radiation source and at a right angle to source of radiation
which plane is like horizontal slice and is used with CBCT
axial
the best place to stand when radiation is being produced
behind a suitable barrier
the main advantage of the bisecting technique is perpendicular or at a right angle to the
bisector
digital radiography can be used for which of the following
bitewing images, panoramic images, periapical images
the standard dental x-ray unit
can be used for either direct or indirect digital radiography
the primary use of a bitewing radiograph or image is for evaluation of
caries
which PA is the horizontal angle parallel to the midsagital plane
central incisor
conecut
central ray not directed at the center of film or sensor
resolution
clarity of an image
which criterion is NOT associated with a diagnostic panoramic radiographic image
clear view of the interproximal teeth
a test to evaluate darkroom light leaks
coin test
an accessory radiographic technique that uses 3D imaging and multiple plane exposure is
cone beam computed tomography
selection criteria
criteria used when determining which patients should have radiographs
film or image density
darkness of the film or image
considering the image shift principle. if you miss the canine on your premolar PA which way should you move your horizontal angle
decrease horizontal angle
when taking a maxillary canine using the bisecting technique, the resulting film was foreshortened, how would you change the angle to correct the error
decrease vertical angle
you missed all the molar crowns on your molar PA, how should you change your angle
decrease vertical angle
object density
density of the object being radiographed
when working from left to right, which solution is on the left
developer
what is the correct manual processing sequence
developer, wash, fix, wash
vertical angle
dial located on the side of the tubhead identifies these angles
when using a special type scanner to convert old dental films to a digital image that is called
digitization
a type of technology that uses a sensor to convert x-ray image directly to a computer
direct digital imaging
a type of technology that uses a sensor to convert x-ray image directly to a computer screen
direct digital imaging
match the errors seen on the films to the cause
dirty rollers image, incomplete fixing image, developer stain image, developer stain image, static electricity image
your processed film has black bands, what is likely the cause
dirty transport rollers
your processed film has black bands, what is the likely cause
dirty transport rollers
the periaplical premolar film should contain the
distal of the canine
what is the source of radiation for dental x-rays
electricity
when using the bisecting technique, which of these errors results from inadequate vertical angulation
elongation
which of the following is not a reason for taking an occlusal radiograph
evaluating periodontal disease
panoramic radiographic images are recommended in each of the following clinical situations EXCEPT:
evaluation of periodontal furcation involvement
film fog may be caused by:
exhausted developer solution, improper film storage, light leak
dark image
exposure timer set too high
Negligence
failure to use a reasonable amount of care resulting injury or damage
Standing behind a suitable barrier is more important than your position relative to the radiation source
false
True or False: PSP plates are very similar in size to a sensor
false
True or False: an XCP film holder can be used for a digital sensor
false
True or False: digital intraoral sensors only come in one size
false
True or False: one advantage of digital sensors is their large size provides a greater field of view
false
True or False: rapid film processing produces an archival or permanent image on the film
false
True or False: the developer and fixer solutions used in film processing will disinfect the film
false
True or False: the reduction in radiation exposure using digital over film is 50%-100% reduction
false
True or False: when using direct digital software, you do not need to determine the type of survey you will be using until you are done with the exposure
false
True or False: you are taking digital BW's and underexposed the sensor, to be able to see dental caries you can use the digital software to darken the film and see the caries that were not visible on the original image
false
True or False: your manual processing developer is at 70 degrees, the time for films to be in developer would be greater than 5 minutes
false
a double exposure would cause a double image and lighter image
false
a film may be exposed to room light for a short period of time before developing, rinse and fixing if the light is exposed for less than 30 minutes
false
an FMX 14/4 consists of 2 PA's and 4 size 2 BW's
false
an XCP/Rinn cannot be used for a digital sensor
false
an amalgam restoration appears radiopaque on an x-ray
false
decrease the mA and exposure time will create a darker film/image
false
duplicating film is exactly the same as regular film, with the exception is has emulsion on only one side
false
during the early stages of x-ray development, safety was not a primary concern
false
even a low dose of radiation can damage tissue
false
for a wall to be a suitable, it must contain lead
false
it is okay to stand in the open doorway to the radiology room as long as you are 6ft from the source
false
one advantage of the digital sensors is their larger size provides a greater field of view
false
setting the kVp at 80 rather than 60 would create an image that has low contrast and is more diagnostic
false
special computer software is required to use digital radiographic systems
false
speed f film is the slowest film and requires more radiation exposure
false
the PID or position indicating device is that part of the machine that is shaped like a cylinder and helps us align the x-ray beam
false
the biggest advantage of the automatic film processing over manual processing is the shorter exposure time
false
the chemicals used in the darkroom are neutral pH, so no need to be concerned about chemical barriers
false
the developer and fixer solutions used in film processing will disinfect the film
false
the exposure button is the NDSCS radiology unit is located on the control panel in the radiology room
false
the image will be more clear and less magnified when the film or sensor is close to the teeth
false
the larger the (silver bromide) crystals on a film, the more clear and detailed will be resulting radiograph
false
the molar PA usually has a smaller horizontal angle than the central PA
false
the most common method of film mounting is the lingual method
false
the occlusal film is smaller than a size 2 film
false
the panoramic radiograph is as accurate as an FMX in detecting dental caries
false
the purpose of the lead foil in the film packet is to protect the film base from light leaks
false
the steps when using an automatic processor do not require a water rinse right after the film goes thru the developer
false
to be an effective radiation barrier, walls and ceilings must be lead lined
false
to correct a foreshortened image we would increase the vertical angle
false
walls must be painted black in a darkroom
false
when positioning the ID dot with the concave toward you, that is like you are looking at eh teeth from the inside of the mouth
false
when taking a mandibular canine PA you will set the numbers on the dial of the tubehead so they read -20*
false
when taking an extra-oral image or radiograph, areas closest to the film/cassette are the clearest
false
when taking an extraoral image or radiograph, areas closest to the film/cassette are the clearest
false
when using direct digital software, you do not need to determine the type of survey you will be using until you are done with the exposures
false
when you are mounting molar PA's, the maxillary molars show bone between the roots
false
with good techniques and proper barriers, the operator exposure to occupational radiation should be at 0
false
you are taking a molar BW and you conecut the premolar and 1st molar region, you should move the PID distally
false
your manual processing developer is at 70 degrees, the time for films to be in developer would be greater than 5 minutes
false
you are concerned about radiation exposure, what can help you know the occupational exposure you are receiving
film badge or dosimeter
you took a maxillary premolar PA film, the resulting radiograph showed distorted roots but the crowns were clear, what is the likely cause
film bending
missing canine on Bitewing
film or sensor placement error
which of the following procedures produces more distortion
film/sensor positioned perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth
which phase of processing removes the undeveloped unexposed silver crystals
fixer
which solution is acidic and hardens the film
fixer solution
during film processing, reticulation is a result of what
going from a warm to cold solution
during film processing, reticulation is the result of
going from warm to cold solution
which of the following does not apply to panoramic images
good for evaluation of periodontal disease
the purpose of the cephalogram is to asses
growth and development
the purpose of the cepthalogram is to assess
growth and development
which of the following is not a property of x-radiation
has a long wavelength and low frequency
if the tubehead drifts, you should
have the equipment fixed prior to taking any radiographs
artifacts can be produced on panoramic images when the clinician does not pay attention to technical details. which of the following scenarios would produce radiopaque artifacts
head and neck jewelry not removed prior to exposure
an exaggerated smile on a panogram is caused by
head or chin tipped down
which of the following is associated with a low contrast image
high kVp, more diagnostic, long scale contrast
which of the following would make the film or image more dense or darker
higher kVp
overlap
horizontal angle error
you see lots of canine on the premolar BW and the inter-proximal surface are overlapped, what is the likely error
horizontal angle was too small
image detail
image clarity or definition
image shows inaccurate and unequal dimensions
image distortion
image shows and equal enlargement of an object
image enlargement
image shows a shorter image
image foreshortening
short scale contrast
images that displays more black and white
long scale contrast
images that how many shades of gray
film fog may be caused by
improper film storage, light leak, deterioration of processing solutions
you elongated a mandibular central incisor PA, how should you change the angle
increase the negative vertical angle (a greater negative angle)
which of the following will increase x-ray beam intensity and cause a darker film
increased kVp, mA, exposure time, decreased distance from film/sensor to source of radiation
a type of technology that uses a PSP plate that is scanned and then transmitted to a computer screen
indirect digital imaging
semicritical areas
instruments or equipment that contact oral cavity but do not penetrate through tissue
digital images can be
integrated into an office record system, enlarged or magnified, easily duplicated
when an electron is ejected from its shell, the atom is no longer neutral and becomes positively charged, this is called
ionization
when do you set the timer when manually processing
just before placing films in developer solution
the hidden image on the film before processing
latent image
the advantage of the parallel technique is
less distortion
all of the following are advantages of the automatic processor, except
less maintenance of equipment
developer stain would cause
light washed out looking image
static electricity would cause
line marks across the film
you want to see a foreign object in the floor of the mouth, which survey or film type is best
mandibular occlusal film
when determining ideal panoramic image density. what is the best region to examine to asses adequate density
mandibular parasymphyseal area
which occlusal film should the head be tipped back
mandibular right angle
a mandibular arch projection that uses a negative 90* angle
mandibular right angle occlusal projection
each of the following is helpful in mounting radiographs except
mandibular teeth are usually larger than maxillary teeth
a mandibular arch projection that uses a negative 45 to negative 55* vertical
mandibular topographic occlusal projection
none of the films
maxillary 1st, 2nd, and 3rd molars
which film will have the greatest vertical angle
maxillary central incisor PA - bisecting technique
a maxillary arch projection that uses a 90* vertical angle
maxillary right angle occlusal projection
which occlusal radiograph follows the bisecting technique principles
maxillary topographic
a maxillary arch projection that uses a 45-65* angle
maxillary topographic occlusal projection
the horizontal angle is usually close to 90* with this periaplical film/image
molar PA
horizontal angle
movement of the PID to the left or right in horizontal direction
the panoramic PID is collimated in to what shape
narrow slit
the panoramic PID is collimated into what shape
narrow slit
which selection is NOT an accurate description of the focal trough
narrower in the posterior region and wider in the anterior
Do walls have to be painted black in a darkroom
no
what images are usually not needed in an edentulous survey
no bitewings and fewer number of anterior images
Digital intraoral sensors are:
none of the above
the purpose of infection control in radiology is to prevent the transmission of disease between
operator and patient, patient and operator, patients
which selection is an accurate description of panoramic x-ray machines
operator can adjust the kVp and mA but not the exposure time
which specialist is most likely to use a "ceph"
orthodontist
which of the following does not cause a clear film
overdeveloping
which of the following problems would produce a high density panoramic image
overestimation of patient size, stature, bone density
a light film with a trend of herringbone pattern is caused by
overexposure
which of the following would not cause a darker film
overused developer solution
what appears radiopaque on a panoramic image or radiograph
palate
which of the following appears radiopaque on a panoramic image or radiograph
palate
the general dentist and trained staff are most likely to use which radiograph/image
panoramic radiograph
exposure time
part of the control that controls the number of impulses or portion of a second
filament
part of the machine where a cloud of electrons are produced
target
part of the machine where the electrons is changed to a x-ray photon
Informed consent
patient consent to provide care and given by an adult or parent for child
what is the cause of narrow blurred anterior teeth on a panoramic radiograph
patient positioned too anteriorly
large anterior incisors on a panogram is caused by
patient too far back
ti see the complete tooth and its associated structure the best radiograph or image is the
periapical
latent period
period after radiation exposure and before effect
a dot or picture element that when put together create an image
pixel
which of the following could be a source of operation radiation exposure
primary beam, secondary beam, leakage of x-ray tubhead, radiation deflects from objects in unit
Which of the following is radiolucent
pulp
ALARA
radiation exposure that is as low as reasonably achievable
a darker area on a film/image
radiolucent
a lighter area on a film/image
radiopaque
which of the following is the longest
radiowaves
which phrase is inconsistent with the appearance of panoramic ghost images
recorded on the same side as the original object
Which of the following exposes the patient to the least amount of radiation?
rectangular PID and F speed film
filter
removes the unwanted x-ray photons
clarity of an image
resolution
mA
responsible for the number of x-ray photons produced
kVp
responsible for the penetrating ability of the x-ray photon
radiation that has passed through a substance and becomes deflected
scatter radiation
which of the following can cause film fog
scatter radiation exposure, unintentional light leaks, exhausted darkroom chemicals
dirty rollers would cause
scattered lines across the film
the barrier that protects the operator from scatter or secondary radiation is
secondary barrier
radiographic image receptor holders are classified as
semi critical instruments
you miss the crowns on the premolar PA, what is the likely cause
sensor placement or vertical angle error
collimator
shapes the x-ray beam
which of the following is not an advantage of digital radiography
size and comfort of the sensor
a brief rinse step after removing films from developer
stop-bath
what type of image distortion is characteristic of midsagittal head plane errors
structures are narrow on one side and wide on the other side
what is a disadvantage of the panoramic radiograph vs. a FMX
superimposition of structures which can make interpretation challenging
which of the following is a disadvantage of the panoramic radiograph vs a FMX
superimposition of structures which can make interpretation of challenging
in panoramic radiography, the "U" shaped focal trough is
the area of sharpness
in panoramic radiography, the "u" shaped focal trough is
the area of sharpness
Stop-bath
the brief rinse step after removing films from developer
0 degree horizontal angle
the central ray of the x-ray beam is parallel to the midsagital plane
mandibular premolar PA
the crown and root of the mandibular distal of the canine, premolars, and mesial of the 1st molar
maxillary central incisor PA
the crown and root of the maxillary central incisors
molar bitewing
the crowns of the last erupted maxillary and mandibular molars
which of the following is not true of the parallel technique
the film is always parallel to the mid-sagital plane
PID
the filter is located at the base of this portion of the tubhead
what type of distortion will occur if the patient's head is positioned too high up
the hard palate is superimposed over the maxillary teeth apices
latent image
the hidden image on the film before processing
what error would cause of the production of a wedge-shaped radiopaque artifact near the midline on a panoramic image
the lead apron was placed too high up on the back of the patient's neck
when positioning your patient for radiograph/images, which of the following does not require the ala-targus line be parallel to the floor
the mandibular premolar PA
if the patients' head is positioned too far back, what type of distortion will be evident on the panoramic image
the maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth will be blurred and widened
Maxillary premolar PA
the maxillary distal of the canine, the crown, and root of the maxillary premolars and mesial of the molar
what type of error is produced when the head it tiled to one side
the occlusal plane and the lower border of the mandible are canted
when the patients' head is positioned too far down, which manifestations will the clinician observe on the panoramic image
the occlusal plane will display a big grin or jack-o-lantern configuration
which of the following is not true of PSP plates
the plates are very similar in size to a sensor
dose rate
the rate of radiation exposure/time
what is the biggest advantage of the automatic film processing over manual processing
the short time required to produce a diagnostic film
when the x-ray exposure button is pushed this part of the machine has a positive charge and draws the electrons across the machine so they may be converted to photons
the tungston target
all of the following affect the quality of the processing solutions, EXCEPT:
the type of safelight
panoramic imaging demonstrates each of the following features except one. which one is the exception
the x-ray beam travels in a labial to lingual direction just like in intraoral imaging
PID
this part of the machine can be round or rectangular shaped
rectangular collimation
this type of PID can reduce radiation exposure up to 70%
critical areas
those instruments that penetrate soft tissue or bone
the panogram shows a palatalglossal airspace, what is the cause
tongue not on the roof of the mouth
when you take a radiograph of the front fo the mouth, we often set the exposure timer to a lower number or less exposure, if you take an image on the molar region and forget to change the timer, how would the image appear
too light
which does not create an ideal image
tooth and film/sensor perpendicular
where should the ID be positioned when placing an occlusal film
toward the anterior
Rapid film processing produces a permanent image on the film
true
True or False: a major advantage of direct digital radiography is it gives immediate image and does not require a darkroom
true
True or False: an MRI is useful in identifying soft tissue pathology and does not use radiation
true
True or False: an intensifying screen should be periodically inspected for scratches and cleaned with a mild detergent if needed
true
True or False: another advantage of digital sensors is less environmental waste as compared to film
true
True or False: digital images can be enlarged or magnified, easily duplicated, and integrated into an office system
true
True or False: digital radiography can be used for panoramic images, periaprical images, and bitewing images
true
True or False: during the developing stage of processing, the silver crystals that have been energized by the x-ray photon produce a dark precipitate on the film
true
True or False: not closing the cassette tightly and the film not tight to the intensifying screen can cause a fogged film
true
True or False: one of the disadvantages of daylight loader type processor is they typically do not accept large films and infection control can be a challenge
true
True or False: special computer software is required to use digital radiographic systems
true
True or False: static on extraoral film can be caused by removing the film too quickly from the cassette
true
True or False: the greater number of pixels in an image the better the clearness or resolution
true
True or False: the greater the number of shades of gray in an image the more diagnostic the image
true
True or False: the standard dental x-ray unit can be used for either direct or indirect digital radiographs
true
True or False: the steps when using an automatic processor do not require a water rinse right after the film goes through the developer
true
True or False: when taking a panoramic radiograph, the Frankfort plane should be parallel to the floor
true
True or False: when the canine line is not lined up correctly when taking a panoramic radiograph, you will produce a panogram with an exaggerated smile
true
a CBCT 3D image can be helpful in determining implant placement
true
a film may be exposed to room light for a short period of time after developing, rinse and fixing for at least 3 minutes
true
a major advantage of direct digital radiography is it gives an immediate image and does not require a darkroom
true
a personal dosimeter or film badge is used to monitor your occupational exposure and must not be worn outside the dental office
true
after you place all films in the film mount, you should do a final check to be sure ID dot is correct, no radiographs are reversed or in the wrong spot
true
an MRI is useful in identifying soft tissue pathology and does not use radiation
true
an object that is more dense will show up as a lighter film/image
true
another advantage of digital sensors is less environmental waste as compared to film
true
digital sensors are expensive, reusable and must be handled with care
true
during the developing stage of processing, the silver crystals that have been energized by the x-ray photon produce a dark precipitate on the film
true
facial jewlery, eyeglasses, and removable dental items such as partial dentures or orthodontic retainers should be removed prior to taking an FMX
true
having the films organized anatomically in a film mount helps to decrease interpretation errors, less handling of films and some mounts with a dark border block out distracting light
true
less dense objects show up darker on an x-ray
true
miss-mounting or incorrectly mounting a radiograph could lead to extraction of the wrong tooth
true
one of the disadvantages of daylight loader type processor is they typically do not accept large films and infection control can be a challenge
true
proper viewing conditions is important for the interpretation of dental radiographs
true
static on an extra-oral film can be caused by removing the film too quickly from the cassette
true
the PID may be lined with lead to decrease scatter radiation
true
the advantage of the XCP image receptor holder is is it uses a plastic ring to help eliminate conecuts and keep the film or sensor perpendicular to the central ray
true
the all white side of the film should face the source of radiation or PID when taking a film type radiograph
true
the canine is the longest rooted tooth of the anterior
true
the developer solution acts to soften the film
true
the digital sensors are available in size 0,1,2
true
the greater the number of pixels in an image the better the clearness or resolution
true
the greater the number of shades of grey in an image the more diagnostic the image
true
the intensifying screen should be periodically inspected for scratches and cleaned with a mild detergent if needed
true
the patient should be instructed to place their tongue on the roof of the mouth for a panoramic radiograph
true
the purpose fo the ID dot is to allow the viewer to determine the right side from the left side
true
the purpose of the ID dot is to help orient the film
true
the rapid process solution chemistry used in manual processing is the same as regular processing solution
true
the reduction in radiation exposure using digital over film is 50-90% reduction
true
the topographic or occlusal x-ray is better for identifying a salivary stone in the floor of the mouth
true
to assist in the safety of others in the radiology area you should say "clear" before pushing the button
true
when labial film mounting, the first step in mounting radiographs is to orient the ID with the convexity toward you
true
when reviewing the BW films in your film mount, if you follow the occlusal plane, you should note the "Curve of Spee" or see a gentle smile
true
when taking a BW film or image, the vertical angle should be set at 8-10 degrees
true
when taking a PA film, the ID dot should be placed toward the slot of the biteblock
true
when taking a central incisor PA using the bisecting technique, the imaginary bisector line is determined by the film and the long axis fo the central incisors
true
when taking a panoramic radiograph, the Frankfort plane should be parallel to the floor
true
when taking radiographs or images, the horiztonal angle usually is between 0 and 90 degrees
true
when the canine line is not lined up correctly when taking a panoramic radiograph, you will produce a panogram with an exaggerated smile
true
x-ray beam that came directly from the tubhead and have not interacted with the patient or chair is called the primary beam
true
you are taking digital BW's and underexpose the sensor, to be able to see dental caries you can use the digital software to darken the film and see the caries that were not visible on the original image
true
missing root tips
vertical angle error
what is the best choice for a periodontal patient with bone loss
vertical bitewing
to operate safety in the dental radiology lab, you should
watch for people walking by when exposing is happening, don't push button is someone is there, say clear so others know exposure is happening
0 degree vertical angle
when the line on the side of the PID or central ray is parallel to the floor
positive vertical angle
when the open end of the PID is lower than the base of the tubehead (x-ray photons are emitted downward)
control panel
where the on/off button switch is located
the lateral head or "Ceph" image, may include all of the following except
x-ray enters from the posterior position of the head
Federal Safety Act of 1974
x-ray equipment standards must meet federal safety standards
does developer act to soften the film
yes