R.B.C, W.B.C, & Platelets
What is a lymphocyte (5 things)
- white blood cell (agranulocyte) -nucleus that is large and round -They provide immunity and product antibodies - take up 25% to 33% of the total number of circulating leukocytes -as well as being formed in the red marrow they are also formed in the lymphatic system organs
What is a Monocyte? (5 things)
- white blood cell (agranulocyte) -nucleus varies in shape -They Phagoctyize - take up 3% to 9% of the total number of circulating leukocytes -repair tissues "clean up" after initial infection
What is a Neutrophil? (4 things)
- white blood cell (granulocyte) -can phagocitize -Most abundant/make up 54% to 64% of the WBC -the nucleus is lobed and consists of 2 to 5 lobes
What is a Eosinophil? (4 things)
- white blood cell (granulocyte) -the nucleus is bi-lobed -they increase with allergies and parasitic worms - take up 1%-3% of the total number of circulating leukocytes
What is Basophil?
- white blood cell (granulocyte) -the nucleus is there but you cant see it -they release heperine and histimine - take up <1% of the total number of circulating leukocytes
what is Albumin?
-a protein present in plasma -accounts for 60% of plasma proteins -smallest in size -they help control blood volume/pressure
What is Globulin?
-accounts for 36% of the plasma proteins -can be further divided into - Alpha Globulin -Beta Globulin - Gamma Globulin
what are some factors that would serve as stimuli for hematopoiesis?
-living at a high altitude -hemorrhage -Aerobic exercise
Fibribogen
-makes up 4% of the plasma proteins -synthesized in the liver -key role in blood coagulation
what are the functions of plasma
-transporting nutrients gases and vitamins (the fed-ex of the body) -helping to regulate fluid and electrolyte balance -maintaining a favorable ph balance (7.35-7.45)
Plasma is made up of
-wastes -water -proteins -hormones -electrolytes -vitamins -nutrients -gases
what are the 3 major proteins in plasma?
1. Albumins 2. Globulins 3. Fibribogen
What are the 2 main types of Leykocyte?
1. Granulocytes 2. Agranulocytes
Name the WBC in order from most common to least common
1. Neutrophil 2. Lymphocytes 3. Monocytes 4. Eosinophil 5.Basophil
How is the shape of an erythrocyte helpful for it?
1. it provides an increased surface area through which gases can diffuse (esp when transporting gases) 2. Places the cell membrane closer to oxygen carrying hemoglobin within the cell 3. It is more flexible (it can deform quickly as it squeezes through narrow passages of capillaries)
Tell me how blood cells are made
1. starts within the red bone marrow, 2.hemocytoblasts give rise to erythroblasts 3. These young cells contain a netlike structure for a day or two, these cells are called reticulocytes 4. this is the stage they they exit the bone marrow into the blood .... when the reticulum degenerates the cells are fully matured and are considered an erythrocyte
how long does a platelet live for?
10 days
what is the average life span of a RBC?
120 days
What is the average RBCC?
4.2 Million - 6.2 Million
hemocytoblasts
:a stem cell for blood-cellular elements; especially : one considered competent to produce all types of blood cell It makes other blood cells
what happens to a damaged RBC?
A damaged or worn cells rupture as they pass through the spleen or the liver
What is anemia?
A deficiency of RBC or a reduction in the quantity of the hemoglobin
What is a granulocyte?
A white blood cell that has granular cytoplasm and is about 2x the sixe of a RBc
Leukemia
Abnormal production of WBCs.... cancer in the bone marrow and lymph glands
What is the lifespan of a granulocyte?
About 12 hours
How much blood does the average-sized adult have in their body?
About 5 Liters
one of the nutrients that is present in plasma is ________ ______.
Amino Acid
What are blood cells mostly made in ?
Blood cells are mostly made in the red bone marrow
what protein stimulates red blood cell proliferation?
Erythropoietin
on a normal bases when can the number of red blood cells generally increase?
Following exercise, a large meal, a rise in temperature, or increased altitude
what do you have to use to get a WBCC?
Hemacytometer
What takes up 1/3 of each erythrocyte's volume?
Hemoglobin
what is the protein responsible for coloring the blood ?
Hemoglobin
many of the cells in your body are removed from circulation each day yet the number remains stable . how is this possible
Homeostasis controls the rate of red blood cell production.
what is a name for a prolonged oxygen deficiency?
Hypoxia
what is a leukocyte?
In laymens terms it is a White Blood Cell
Where do blood cells originate?
In the bone marrow for hemocytoblasts
what happens when hemoglobin combines with oxygen?
It becomes oxyhemoglobin. -> Bright red
What does a differential white blood cell count do?
It lists the percentages and the types of leukocytes in the blood sample
What is LDL
Low density lipoprotein example: cheeseburger
What kind of feedback is Hematopoiesis?
Negative feedback
What is PCV? (what does it stand for)
Packed cell volume
What is the straw colored liquid in a blood sample?
Plasma
What is RBCC
Red Blood Cell Count
Which type of cell takes up 99% of all the blood cells
Red blood cells
What 3 main things are found in blood
Red blood cells White blood cells Platelets
where does hematopoiesis initially occur in?
The yolk sac, liver and spleen
what are biliverdin and bilirubin?
They are pigments released from hemoglobin
What is an Erythrocyte?
This is a fancy name for a RED BLOOD CELL
what are the 2 vitamins that affect the production of red blood cell production significantly?
Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid
erythrocyte
What is this?
Where are white blood cells made?
Within the red bone marrow
what is the lack of vitamin B12 usually due to?
a disorder in the stomach lining that could lead to pernicious anemia
Erythropoietin
a hormone secreted by the kidneys that increases the rate of production of red blood cells in response to falling levels of oxygen in the tissues.
what is jaundice
a yellow color of the skin (common in newborns)
what type of movement to platelets have
ameboid movement
what do platelets control?
blood loss form broken vessles they release serotonin which contracts smooth muscle walls in the vessel walls reducing blood flow
what is plasma
clear straw colored liquid portion of blood
what can cause decreased values of RBCC? (decreased red blood cells)
decrease in anemia, leukemia and following severe hemorrhaging
dissect the word Hemoglobin
globin: polypeptide chains (this is a fancy word for protien) Heme: a chemicle that breaks down into iron and a greenish pigment called biliverdin
what is HDL
high density lipoprotein More proteins less cholesterol example: Avocado or nuts
if the concentration of plasma proteins falls, tissues swells a condition called edema this may result from starvation of a protein-deficient diet in which the body must use protein to obtain energy
if the concentration of plasma proteins falls, tissues swells a condition called edema this may result from starvation of a protein-deficient diet in which the body must use protein to obtain energy
What are Thrombocytes
in laymens terms platelets
What is histamine
it dilates the blood vessels
What is plasma majorly made of?
it is 92% water
What is heperin
it is a anti-coagulant (it helps with shutting down blood clots.)
What is an agranulocyte?
it is a blood cell that lack cytoplasmic granules
does a platelet have a nucleus
nope
Leukocytosis
normal rise in WBC due to infection
what is positive chemotaxis
occurs if the movement is toward a higher concentration of the chemical in question.
plasma is then made up of ________
proteins (this makes up 7%) Albumins, Globulins, and Fibribogen
what are Alpha Globulin
synthesized in the liver transports lipids and fat soluble vitamins
what are beta globulins?
synthesized in the liver transports lipids and fat soluble vitamins
what are Gamma globulins?
synthesized in the lymphatic tissues
what is diapedesis
the passage of blood cells through the intact walls of the capillaries, typically accompanying inflammation.
what is hematopoiesis?
the production of blood cells and platelets, which occurs in the bone marrow.
What is a hematocrit?
the ratio of the volume of red blood cells to the total volume of blood. so the number of red blood cells in an amount of blood
what happens in the liver/spleen when the RBC pass through?
the red blood cells rupture and macorphages phagocytize and destroy their contents
why does the skin turn blueish when a person is hypoxic?
there is a high concentration of deoxyhemoglobin in the blood
when a baby had jaundice what can a doctor do?
they may use phototherapy when they basically give off uv radiation
What is the shape of an erythrocyte?
they're biconcave disks (kinda like squished marbles)
what can cause increased values of RBCC? (increased red blood cells)
values may increase as a result of severe dehydration of diarrhea
What is VLDV
very low-density lipoprotein
what is ameboid
when a cell can change its shape
What is a platelet
when a megakarycyte is fragmented like a little shattered plate
what is deoxyhemoglobin?
when the oxygen is released and the blood is rich and may appear bluish when it is viewed through blood vessel walls
Leukopenia
when your WBCC is below normal
do red blood cells have nuclei?
yes and no. in the being stages of development but they extrude them as they mature to provide more space for hemoglobin ***without nuclei red blood cells cannot synthesize protein or reproduce ***
How do you classify a leukocyte?
you classify it by its size, nucleus shape and nature of its cytoplasm