R.B.C, W.B.C, & Platelets

What is a lymphocyte (5 things)

- white blood cell (agranulocyte) -nucleus that is large and round -They provide immunity and product antibodies - take up 25% to 33% of the total number of circulating leukocytes -as well as being formed in the red marrow they are also formed in the lymphatic system organs

What is a Monocyte? (5 things)

- white blood cell (agranulocyte) -nucleus varies in shape -They Phagoctyize - take up 3% to 9% of the total number of circulating leukocytes -repair tissues "clean up" after initial infection

What is a Neutrophil? (4 things)

- white blood cell (granulocyte) -can phagocitize -Most abundant/make up 54% to 64% of the WBC -the nucleus is lobed and consists of 2 to 5 lobes

What is a Eosinophil? (4 things)

- white blood cell (granulocyte) -the nucleus is bi-lobed -they increase with allergies and parasitic worms - take up 1%-3% of the total number of circulating leukocytes

What is Basophil?

- white blood cell (granulocyte) -the nucleus is there but you cant see it -they release heperine and histimine - take up <1% of the total number of circulating leukocytes

what is Albumin?

-a protein present in plasma -accounts for 60% of plasma proteins -smallest in size -they help control blood volume/pressure

What is Globulin?

-accounts for 36% of the plasma proteins -can be further divided into - Alpha Globulin -Beta Globulin - Gamma Globulin

what are some factors that would serve as stimuli for hematopoiesis?

-living at a high altitude -hemorrhage -Aerobic exercise

Fibribogen

-makes up 4% of the plasma proteins -synthesized in the liver -key role in blood coagulation

what are the functions of plasma

-transporting nutrients gases and vitamins (the fed-ex of the body) -helping to regulate fluid and electrolyte balance -maintaining a favorable ph balance (7.35-7.45)

Plasma is made up of

-wastes -water -proteins -hormones -electrolytes -vitamins -nutrients -gases

what are the 3 major proteins in plasma?

1. Albumins 2. Globulins 3. Fibribogen

What are the 2 main types of Leykocyte?

1. Granulocytes 2. Agranulocytes

Name the WBC in order from most common to least common

1. Neutrophil 2. Lymphocytes 3. Monocytes 4. Eosinophil 5.Basophil

How is the shape of an erythrocyte helpful for it?

1. it provides an increased surface area through which gases can diffuse (esp when transporting gases) 2. Places the cell membrane closer to oxygen carrying hemoglobin within the cell 3. It is more flexible (it can deform quickly as it squeezes through narrow passages of capillaries)

Tell me how blood cells are made

1. starts within the red bone marrow, 2.hemocytoblasts give rise to erythroblasts 3. These young cells contain a netlike structure for a day or two, these cells are called reticulocytes 4. this is the stage they they exit the bone marrow into the blood .... when the reticulum degenerates the cells are fully matured and are considered an erythrocyte

how long does a platelet live for?

10 days

what is the average life span of a RBC?

120 days

What is the average RBCC?

4.2 Million - 6.2 Million

hemocytoblasts

:a stem cell for blood-cellular elements; especially : one considered competent to produce all types of blood cell It makes other blood cells

what happens to a damaged RBC?

A damaged or worn cells rupture as they pass through the spleen or the liver

What is anemia?

A deficiency of RBC or a reduction in the quantity of the hemoglobin

What is a granulocyte?

A white blood cell that has granular cytoplasm and is about 2x the sixe of a RBc

Leukemia

Abnormal production of WBCs.... cancer in the bone marrow and lymph glands

What is the lifespan of a granulocyte?

About 12 hours

How much blood does the average-sized adult have in their body?

About 5 Liters

one of the nutrients that is present in plasma is ________ ______.

Amino Acid

What are blood cells mostly made in ?

Blood cells are mostly made in the red bone marrow

what protein stimulates red blood cell proliferation?

Erythropoietin

on a normal bases when can the number of red blood cells generally increase?

Following exercise, a large meal, a rise in temperature, or increased altitude

what do you have to use to get a WBCC?

Hemacytometer

What takes up 1/3 of each erythrocyte's volume?

Hemoglobin

what is the protein responsible for coloring the blood ?

Hemoglobin

many of the cells in your body are removed from circulation each day yet the number remains stable . how is this possible

Homeostasis controls the rate of red blood cell production.

what is a name for a prolonged oxygen deficiency?

Hypoxia

what is a leukocyte?

In laymens terms it is a White Blood Cell

Where do blood cells originate?

In the bone marrow for hemocytoblasts

what happens when hemoglobin combines with oxygen?

It becomes oxyhemoglobin. -> Bright red

What does a differential white blood cell count do?

It lists the percentages and the types of leukocytes in the blood sample

What is LDL

Low density lipoprotein example: cheeseburger

What kind of feedback is Hematopoiesis?

Negative feedback

What is PCV? (what does it stand for)

Packed cell volume

What is the straw colored liquid in a blood sample?

Plasma

What is RBCC

Red Blood Cell Count

Which type of cell takes up 99% of all the blood cells

Red blood cells

What 3 main things are found in blood

Red blood cells White blood cells Platelets

where does hematopoiesis initially occur in?

The yolk sac, liver and spleen

what are biliverdin and bilirubin?

They are pigments released from hemoglobin

What is an Erythrocyte?

This is a fancy name for a RED BLOOD CELL

what are the 2 vitamins that affect the production of red blood cell production significantly?

Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid

erythrocyte

What is this?

Where are white blood cells made?

Within the red bone marrow

what is the lack of vitamin B12 usually due to?

a disorder in the stomach lining that could lead to pernicious anemia

Erythropoietin

a hormone secreted by the kidneys that increases the rate of production of red blood cells in response to falling levels of oxygen in the tissues.

what is jaundice

a yellow color of the skin (common in newborns)

what type of movement to platelets have

ameboid movement

what do platelets control?

blood loss form broken vessles they release serotonin which contracts smooth muscle walls in the vessel walls reducing blood flow

what is plasma

clear straw colored liquid portion of blood

what can cause decreased values of RBCC? (decreased red blood cells)

decrease in anemia, leukemia and following severe hemorrhaging

dissect the word Hemoglobin

globin: polypeptide chains (this is a fancy word for protien) Heme: a chemicle that breaks down into iron and a greenish pigment called biliverdin

what is HDL

high density lipoprotein More proteins less cholesterol example: Avocado or nuts

if the concentration of plasma proteins falls, tissues swells a condition called edema this may result from starvation of a protein-deficient diet in which the body must use protein to obtain energy

if the concentration of plasma proteins falls, tissues swells a condition called edema this may result from starvation of a protein-deficient diet in which the body must use protein to obtain energy

What are Thrombocytes

in laymens terms platelets

What is histamine

it dilates the blood vessels

What is plasma majorly made of?

it is 92% water

What is heperin

it is a anti-coagulant (it helps with shutting down blood clots.)

What is an agranulocyte?

it is a blood cell that lack cytoplasmic granules

does a platelet have a nucleus

nope

Leukocytosis

normal rise in WBC due to infection

what is positive chemotaxis

occurs if the movement is toward a higher concentration of the chemical in question.

plasma is then made up of ________

proteins (this makes up 7%) Albumins, Globulins, and Fibribogen

what are Alpha Globulin

synthesized in the liver transports lipids and fat soluble vitamins

what are beta globulins?

synthesized in the liver transports lipids and fat soluble vitamins

what are Gamma globulins?

synthesized in the lymphatic tissues

what is diapedesis

the passage of blood cells through the intact walls of the capillaries, typically accompanying inflammation.

what is hematopoiesis?

the production of blood cells and platelets, which occurs in the bone marrow.

What is a hematocrit?

the ratio of the volume of red blood cells to the total volume of blood. so the number of red blood cells in an amount of blood

what happens in the liver/spleen when the RBC pass through?

the red blood cells rupture and macorphages phagocytize and destroy their contents

why does the skin turn blueish when a person is hypoxic?

there is a high concentration of deoxyhemoglobin in the blood

when a baby had jaundice what can a doctor do?

they may use phototherapy when they basically give off uv radiation

What is the shape of an erythrocyte?

they're biconcave disks (kinda like squished marbles)

what can cause increased values of RBCC? (increased red blood cells)

values may increase as a result of severe dehydration of diarrhea

What is VLDV

very low-density lipoprotein

what is ameboid

when a cell can change its shape

What is a platelet

when a megakarycyte is fragmented like a little shattered plate

what is deoxyhemoglobin?

when the oxygen is released and the blood is rich and may appear bluish when it is viewed through blood vessel walls

Leukopenia

when your WBCC is below normal

do red blood cells have nuclei?

yes and no. in the being stages of development but they extrude them as they mature to provide more space for hemoglobin ***without nuclei red blood cells cannot synthesize protein or reproduce ***

How do you classify a leukocyte?

you classify it by its size, nucleus shape and nature of its cytoplasm