RBT Exam

Which of the following would be the least intrusive intervention for sitting on the floor and refusing to go to the next activity?

showing the person a visual for stand up, wait until they complied, then give a small reward for compliance in getting to the destination

When delivering a discrete trial session, which is the most important reason to minimize distractions the environment?

so the learner can focus on what they are being asked to do

When teaching learners to begin to use 2-word lands, why is it important that both words are critical to the mand?

so the listener will clearly understand the mand and can act accordingly

Automatic reinforcement is associated most closely with:

stereotypic behaviors

Spontaneous recovery refers to:

sudden recurrence of a behavior that was extinguished

Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?

taking away a chore for making good grades

Extinction of behavior maintained by positive reinforcement works by:

taking away the reinforcer for problem behavior

What is dyadic eye gaze?

taking turns exchanging facial expressions, noises, or speech

Which of the following could be a replacement behavior for grabbing or stealing food?

teaching the person to ask for food

What can your documentation related to a persons health screenings help to ensure?

that they are receiving the health screenings that are recommended for their sex, age, and medical conditions

What is ratio strain?

the disruption in the display of the behavior when reinforcement is thinned too quickly

When preparing for a naturalistic teaching session involving requesting items, which of the following is important to obtain ahead of time?

the items to be requested

Secondary reinforcers become reinforcing after:

the secondary reinforcer is associated with other reinforcers

Which of the following describes a potential issue with environmental stimuli and people with disabilities?

they sometimes overreact or under react to stimuli

What is the purpose of the Community Support Skills Standards (CSSS)?

to identify and define the skills needed to support people with disabilities

Why are intermittent reinforcement schedules used?

to maintain previously acquired behaviors

What is the best way to prevent ratio strain?

to thin reinforcement gradually

Triadic eye gaze is:

two individuals sharing eye gaze on an object and then looking at each other

What are two things you can do to organize and prepare for each day ahead of time?

use a to-do list and keep a calendar to review what is up ahead

A most-to-least prompting sequence involves:

using the most intrusive prompt, then less intrusive prompts until the least is used

Good record keeping assures that the team is not making decisions based on random impressions but on what?

valid information

Which of the following should be used to teach the concept of blue?

various shades of blue on different objects

Prompting strategies used in naturalistic teaching approaches:

vary according to child responses

What replacement behavior might be functionally equivalent to screaming a demand (undesirable behavior)?

verbalizing what is wanted

Which of the following may be necessary to create for a functional skills intervention session?

visual task analysis

Which of the following is an example of gaze following?

watching a race car as it zooms across the track

Antecedents are:

what happens before a behavior occurs

Which of the following is true about reinforcement?

what one individual finds reinforcing may not be true for others

What is an inter observer agreement (IOA)?

when 2 data collectors agree on data collected at the same time during a behavior

What is shared gaze?

when 2 individuals look at an object or event at the same time

A concurrent schedule of reinforcement is operating when:

when 2 schedules of reinforcement are simultaneously available

What is stimulus control?

when an individual behaves one way in the presence of a stimulus and another way in its absence

The Matching Law states:

when given a choice between reinforcers, an individual will engage in the behavior that yields the more valuable reinforcer (re: they will pick the one they like best)

When might not obtaining informed consents, possibly violating confidentiality, be justified?

when there is significant and immediate health and safety risk to the person you support, or to others

Why is it important to leave work at work and take breaks?

you can slip into bad habits if you do not have a break

Who is the first person you should report allegations of abuse and neglect to?

your agency's designated investigator

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the role of the RBT in communication with families?

Agencies may have specific guidelines with the BACB's professional and ethical compliance code

The 4 basic conditions set up for a functional analysis are:

Alone Attention Demand Tangible

Which of the following is a question you can ask yourself to help monitor your interaction with families?

Am I leaving my shift on time?

Which of the following is an example of overzealous intrusive intrusive intervention?

An RBT running over to a client who is slapping himself and screaming for help while they are trying to hold the persons hands

Before a behavior change plan can be developed, what has to happen?

An assessment of the clients skills and needs must be conducted

Who may conduct the competency assessment?

An experienced assessor with BCBA supervision

Initiating joint attention is when:

An individual initiates a bid for attention

Which part of the 3-term contingency addresses factors that occur before the display of a behavior?

Antecedents

Which of the following dimensions of ABA refers to the social importance of problems?

Applied

Being punctual means:

Arriving 5 to 10 minutes early to prepare

When is it acceptable to videotape a client receiving an intervention?

If the client and family provide informed consent, which means they know why the videotaping is occurring

How would you know if you have successfully paired yourself as a reinforcer?

If the learner approaches you and the session easily

Which of the following tasks are RBT's allowed to perform?

Implement behavior change programs

What is one way you can help to establish or improve a relationship with a family with whom you are working?

Not judge them and listen to their concerns

In providing written communication, RBT's should use which of the following?

Observable and measurable terms and descriptions

Which of the following activities is needed in order to make sure behavior plans are effective?

Ongoing data collection and analysis

Ethical codes and supervision of behavior analytic services are important because:

People receiving behavior analytic services are vulnerable and deserve the best interventions available

Which of the following naturalistic techniques places a heavy emphasis on self-management and the development of behaviors associated with empathy?

Pivotal Response Treatment

Which of the following can be done to try to elicit a request (mand) from a child?

Place the reinforcer in a place where they have to ask for it

Motivating operations can exert stimulus control over a behavior by:

Playing a role in the effectiveness of the reinforcer at that point in time

What needs to be included as part of data collection for a naturalistic teaching session?

Prompt levels needed to elicit the targeted behavior

Which of the following are steps in behavioral skills training (BST)?

Providing instructions, modeling, role play, and feedback

The doctrine of "least restrictive alternative" when it comes to punishment states that:

Punishment is the last resort after other interventions have been attempted and failed

Which of the following statements is true about the role of an RBT in the behavior change process?

RBTs implement behavior change interventions

Which of the following is true in reference to tacts and reinforcement?

Reinforcement is not necessarily specific to the tact

When punishment is used, it should be paired with which procedure?

Reinforcement of replacement behaviors

Consequence interventions involve:

Reinforcing desired behaviors and reducing the display of undesirable behaviors

Which of the following is the best definition of shaping?

Reinforcing successive approximations of a behavior

Which of the following is an example of an echoic?

Say "juice". "Juice"

A behavior technician gave a learner a cue card to use when she needs to ask a question in class. This is the beginning stage of which type of naturalistic intervention?

Script fading

Which of the following is an example of naturally occurring discriminative stimulus at work?

Seeing a stop sign and stopping

What is the best reason to train parents and caregivers on how to implement naturalistic teaching?

So they can help the child acquire the intervention targets quicker

Which of the following is an example of discretionary effort as defined by Daniels (2000)?

Susanna cleans the work area and organizes materials without being asked

If you witness an abusive situation that is dangerous or life threatening, what should you do?

Take immediate action to remove anyone in the area from harm and call 911

Which of the following is one stress management technique that can help prevent burnout?

Talking to a professional

Strategies for promoting generalization of tacts include:

Teaching different forms of the tact and varying teaching conditions

Which of the following could be a replacement behavior for cutting in line?

Teaching to stand in line and wait

Your supervisor tells you to use a strategy that you have no idea how to use. What is the best response to the request?

Tell the supervisor immediately that you do not know how to use the strategy and ask for them to demonstrate it

Which of the following is not an example of positive punishment?

Telling someone "no" when they are about to run into the street

Which behaviors could be reinforced on a fixed interval schedule of reinforcement?

The amount of time spent on a task

The crisis section of the crisis plan includes which of the following?

The behaviors and responses to such behaviors

When you receive important phone calls or other forms of communication related to the person you support what should you be sure to document?

The date, time, and method of communication, the person who you were communicating with, and the content of that communication

Replacement behaviors are taught so:

The individual has a more desirable option for the behavior of concern

Why is saying "what do you want?" a bad idea during initial and training?

The learner can become dependent on the phrase to produce bands

Which of the following best describes the value of stimulus control?

The learner can focus on what's important

Which of the following statements is true?

While family members may disagree, it is important to work with all members the best way you can

When you document, you will want to consider how the information may be used. What else will you want to consider?

Who will be reading or using it

Which of the following is an example of an exploitative relationship?

a clients mother dating his rbt

What should be contained in the receipt of an expenditure?

a description of the item, the date of purchase and the amount of the expense

Responding joint attention is when:

a person responds to a bid for attention

Punishment has occurred when the behavior it followed:

decreases

To achieve momentum during a discrete trial session, you must:

deliver discriminative stimulus (SD) quickly

Which makes reinforcement more effective?

deprivation state, immediacy, adequate size, and contingency

Discrete trial teaching differs from naturalistic teaching strategies in that:

discrete trial instruction is adult-initiated and naturalistic teaching strategies are child initiated

What is one thing you can do to maximize accuracy of what you document when assessing a person?

document immediately after an observation

Which of the following is an example of a fine motor imitation skill?

drawing a line in the air with a finger

When are data typically collected during a discrete trial session?

during the inter trial interval

Discrete trial instruction that is delivered from 25 to 40 hours a week is called:

early intensive behavioral intervention (EIBI) inhumane

Prompting before a learner can select an incorrect response is called:

errorless teaching

Which of the following functions of behavior involves avoiding a task or interaction?

escape

The 2 main functions of behavior are:

escape and gain

Which of the following is important to do before starting a group intervention?

establish a group goal and align individual goals with those of the group

Continuous reinforcement schedules are most often used to:

establish new behaviors

True or false: An RBT can be the employer of their supervisor

false

Crisis plans should have interventions based on which of the following?

function of the behavior

Which of the following ways of approaching intraverbal intervention involves answering answering questions about the properties of an item?

function, feature, or category

Which of the following evidence based practices in ABA could help someone learn to communicate their wants and needs?

functional communication training

Which of the following is an example of an advanced level of following directions?

get the large red and blue cup

If you take a job working with adults on the autism spectrum but have only worked with children on the autism spectrum, which of the following should you do?

get training on working with that population

Which of the following is an example of secondary reinforcement?

getting a good grade on a test

Maintaining accurate documentation while dependably providing excellent services requires what from you?

good judgment to strike a abalone

Which of the following might be a response that follows a discriminative stimulus?

hands card to instructor

Effective treatments must also be:

humane

Which of the following increases the value of a reinforcer for an individual?

if it is delivered immediately and only available for the display of the targeted behavior

Which of the following imitation skills is the most difficult for a person with autism?

imitating facial expressions

If an intervention is implemented with a "high degree of fidelity," it is:

implemented consistently and accurately

Differential reinforcement works by:

increasing desirable behaviors while decreasing problem behavior

Who needs a crisis plan?

individuals who engage in self-injurious or aggressive behavior

Which of the following best explains why discrete trials are effective with those who have learning difficulties?

information is broken down into small parts that are taught systematically and reinforced

Why is role playing helpful in behavioral skills training (BST)?

it can provide a dry run of what to do eventually with a child

Which is true about behavioral skills training (BST)?

it is considered to be a component of many evidence based training packages

Discrete trials should be delivered rather quickly in order to:

keep the momentum going

Intermittent schedules of reinforcement are necessary to:

maintain behavior and get reinforcement on a more naturally occurring schedule

If an intrusive intervention such as punishment or physical intervention must be used, it is important to:

make sure the client and data are monitored for unintended side effects and the rate of progress

Which of the following behaviors might serve a "gain attention" function?

making silly noises

Which of the following prompt sequences is the preferred one to use in listener responding programs?

most-to-least

Errorless learning typically uses:

most-to-least prompt sequences

Which of the following is a joint attention behavior that is often exhibited by individuals with autism?

not following the point of another person

Behavioral definitions should be:

observable and measurable

Which of the following is a conflict of interest with a clients family?

offering to babysit for the family

Which of the following is an example of negative punishment?

paying a speeding ticket

Fixed ratio schedules:

produce high and steady rates of behavior

For learners who are new to following directions, which of the following approaches would be a good first step:

provide a simple request such as "come here," prompt if necessary, and provide them with a reinforcer

Variable ratio schedules of reinforcement:

provide high and steady rates of the behavior targeted for reinforcement

When a learner imitates the correct sound during a discrete trial, what is the next thing the interventionist should do?

provide reinforcement

What are the steps of behavioral skills training (BST)?

providing instructions, modeling, role play, and feedback

_ is defined as a stimulus that follows a response and decreases the future probability of that response

punishment

Skinner used the term "operant conditioning" to describe:

rats pressing a level to receive food until they were full

Multiple exemplar training involves teaching target words as:

receptive identification, tacts, and intraverbals

Behavior intervention plans that work:

reduce problem behaviors and increase desirable behaviors

Punishment is the result of a stimulus following a behavior that serves to:

reduce the behavior

Which of the following is a consequence that is likely to result in the increase of a behavior?

reinforcement

Which of the following is an example of a progressive schedule of reinforcement?

reinforcement after the 2nd behavior, then after the 4th, then after the 5th

Which is true about the concept of motivating operations (MO)?

reinforcers work better when they are in effect ex: food will be a stronger reinforcer if the client is hungry

Behavioral shaping involves:

reinforcing successive approximations of a larger behavior

The results of Lovaas studies yielded:

remarkable gains on intelligence tests

Stimulus-stimulus pairing is:

repeated pairing of a neutral stimulus with a reinforcing one

What is response cost?

response cost is a punishment that works by withdrawing a reinforcer following the display of a specific undesirable behavior

For documentation to be beneficial it must be?

reviewed

What are some of the logistical issues families face when they decide to enroll in ABA therapy for their child?

securing payment, transportation, and preparing the home for intervention

Variables that are in operation before the display of a behavior and are related to the behavior are:

setting agents

Which is the best way to help families prioritize their efforts in working with their child?

Help them address the most critical issue first

Stimulus equivalence occurs when:

A response is correctly displayed in the presence of a stimulus that has not been trained or reinforced

How does functional communication training (FCT) address problem behavior?

By addressing communication skills needed to replace the problem behavior

George was assigned to work with Franklin at his home today. As part of his therapy, Franklin was learning to use his electric razor to shave his face. He had been shaving the area under his nose independently. Today Franklin flatly refused to do so and shouted "No shave" over and over again. Franklin's mother came in from her garden outside and asked George how the shaving was going. What should George say to Franklin's mother?

"Franklin did not want to shave under his nose today, that's unusual. I would like to try a different reinforcement schedule with him to see if that will help."

Which of the following is an example of an intraverbal?

"I like chocolate. What do you like?"

Which of the following statements represents using clear language when discussing intervention progress?

"Joey's hand waving behavior has been reduced by 45% since he started being reinforced for doing other things"

Which of the following is an example of an advanced listener responding skill?

"Put the banana behind the tool box"

Which of the following statements made by an RBT to a parent shows practicing "non-judgment"?

"Sometimes it is hard to be consistent with the visual schedule. How do you think we could make this a bit simpler to use?"

Approximately how many different 3-step directions should an advanced learner be able to follow?

10

At about what age do children start to answer who, what, and where questions?

3 to 4 years

The Renewal Competency Assessment requires _ skills to be demonstrated with clients

5

What percentage of the time of the provision of ABA services must be devoted to supervision?

5%

Intermediate learners should be able to respond to:

50 simple noun/verb combinations

In a typically developing child, at what age do they respond to hearing their name?

6 months

High-quality documentation is important because it can result in which of these outcomes?

A full and safe life for the person served

Water might have a value altering effect when:

A person is very thirsty

Which of the following items would be the best choice for using during a naturalistic teaching session with a young child?

A toy car with a racetrack

What are two things you will need to maintain if you assist a person with banking and bill paying?

A transaction record and a reconciliation of the transactions

Which of the following is an illustration of reflexivity in relation to stimulus equivalence?

A=A

Extinction works by:

Abruptly stopping reinforcement for problem behavior

Which of the following is unique to data collection for naturalistic interventions vs discrete trials?

Activities or routines used to illicit target behaviors

Asking a learner to select items using a preposition is an:

Advanced skill

Jerry the RBT comes to his clients home for his ABA session. When he gets there, he finds the client yelling and his mother crying in the corner. How can Jerry help with this intermediate situation within the boundaries of his role as an RBT?

Ask his mom what happened in order to know what to do with the client. Make sure she is physically okay and start therapy/behavior plan implementation

Which of the following is an intervention target for teaching responding joint attention?

Attending to a noisy toy when it is activated and positioned across the room

Which of the following are functions of behavior?

Attention Tangible Escape Automatic Reinforcement

Which of the following is an example of how to interact with your supervisor?

Be friendly, ask for assistance when needed, ask questions, and welcome feedback

Why is it important to establish a healthy professional relationship with a clients family?

Because you need to be able to communicate information back and forth

When is the best time to allow for a break during a discrete trial session?

Before or when the learner shows signs of tiring but is not yet resisting requests to respond to discriminative stimulus (SD)

Which of the following evidence based practices in ABA helps someone learn a new skill step by step?

Behavior Shaping

The quote "All behavior has a communicative intent" (Carr, 1977) can be best explained by the statement:

Behavior always serves a purpose for the person engaging in the behavior

John Watson used which term to describe the study of behavior?

Behaviorism

In which situations are reinforcement of low rates of behavior (DRL) used?

Behaviors that are acceptable at low rates

The behavioral dimension of ABA refers to:

Being able to observe and measure behavior

What does the professional and ethical compliance code say about multiple relationships?

Communicate in a way that does not encourage multiple relationships

The Early Start Denver Model (ESDM) places a large emphasis on:

Developmental trajectories for intervention

The foundation for any behavior change plan should be:

Ethical standards and best practices

If an RBT is unknowingly assigned to work with a relative, which of the following is the best course of action for the RBT to take?

Inform the supervisor and ask not to work with the client

In studying problem solving behavior in kittens, Thorndike used which term to describe behaviors they displayed to escape an enclosure by pulling a string on a latch?

Instrumental behavior

How do a motivating operation work to increase the effectiveness of mand training?

It makes it more likely that the individual will want the reinforcer and will mand for it

What is a "back-up" reinforcer?

Items that tokens are exchanged for

Which of the following is an example of an issue related to boundaries of competence?

Jenny was told to use non-contingent reinforcement with Annie and she does not know what that is

The acquisition of which 2 types of skills serves as the foundation for learning?

Joint attention and imitation skills

Fixed ratio schedules are best used for:

Learning a new behavior

All of the following are ways DSP's can help reduce risk factors for abuse and neglect except what?

Limit the persons social circle and exposure to perpetrators

The term "receptive language" is similar in meaning to the term:

Listener responding

Which of the following is true of mandatory reporters?

Mandatory reporters must report any alleged or suspected incidents of abuse or neglect, even if they did not witness it

Which of the following is an example of a continuous schedule of reinforcement (CRF)?

Mike gets a point each time he raises his hand

Which approach uses a combination of other naturalistic techniques?

Milieu teaching

As the interventionist, the first step in echoic training is to:

Model the sound

Which of the following is an activity that would be appropriate during an RBT supervision session?

Modeling and coaching new ABA techniques

What are two reasons that documentation is beneficial?

More complete documentation in emergencies, and more accurate assessments, will improve services to that person

The components of the 4-term contingency include:

Motivating operation, discriminative stimulus, the behavior, the consequence

Which of the following naturalistic techniques involves teaching language according to behavioral function explicitly?

Natural Environment Teaching (NET)

Which of the following approaches are used to teach listener responding?

Natural environment teaching

Which of the following naturalistic techniques places a heavy emphasis on teaching verbal operants such as bands, tacts, and intraverbals?

Natural environment teaching

Escape extinction works by:

Not allowing the individual to escape what they were trying to avoid

Which of the following best explains the primary purpose of the BACB's RBT ethics code?

The purpose of the RBT Ethics Code is to provide guidelines for certified and credentialed individuals to follow when they are providing behavior analysis services

What is the difference between differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA) and differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior (DRI)?

The replacement behavior in differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA) does not have to be incompatible with the problem behavior

Why are prevention strategies a valuable part of behavior intervention plans?

They decrease the likelihood that an undesirable behavior will get reinforced

Which of the following is the most objective statement regarding a tantrum displayed by an individual receiving services?

This tantrum lasted 10 minutes. Maybe we should review the behavior plan

To maintain organization, what choices should you give yourself for every piece of paper you receive or generate?

Throw it away, route it to someone else, act on it now or file it and put it on your master to-do list

Which of the following is an example of a multiple relationship?

Tina and Lois are best friends. Lois is an RBT who works with Tina's son

Which of the following is an example of a multiple or dual relationship?

Tina and Louis are best friends. Louis is an RBT that works with Tina's son

Which of the following is the best reason for conducting a reinforcer assessment before implementing a naturalistic intervention?

To know what to have available as reinforcers and possibly intervention materials

Environmental manipulations are discussed in the training for which reasons?

To make a safe environment for you and the client

Under what circumstances would it be important to provide an echoic training session related to targeted tacts?

To make sure the learner knows how to repeat words and sounds when asked

Michelle is an RBT who is teaching a mother how to implement a visual schedule for her new child. What is Michelle doing?

Training a parent how to implement an intervention

True or false: Echoic can be addressed in both discrete trial and naturalistic interventions.

True

True or false: Individuals with IDD are more likely to experience abuse and neglect than individuals without IDD.

True

Replacement behaviors are:

acceptable behaviors to teach in place of undesirable behaviors

Which of the following is a red flag for a boundary crossing?

accepting the use of a clients beach house for the weekend

Type 1 punishment involves:

adding a condition to reduce behavior

Which of the following statements is the best way tp describe this particular behavioral intervention to a parent of a child receiving the intervention?

after John has written 3 letters of his name, give him small piece of crunchy cereal

Interval schedules of reinforcement are delivered:

after a specified amount of time has elapsed

Which of the following is an example of a punishment?

after a student got scolded for making noises in class, he quit making noises in class

According to the BACB, a clients record should be:

all of the above

What does the "contractual" aspect of the annual service plan guide?

all services received by the person

What are the components of the 3-term contingency?

antecedent behavior consequence

Which part fo the 3-term contingency is the most responsible for stimulus control?

antecedents

__ are things that set the stage for the behavior, occurring in close proximity to the behavior such as the activity the individual is engaged in, the setting, the people they are around, or the actions of the people around them

antecedents

Which of the following is a learner characteristic that could impact the development of stimulus control?

attending skills

Why are individuals taught to use replacement behaviors in place of problem behavior?

because just suppressing problem behavior does not provide a way to get the individuals needs met

Why is it so important to always consider human rights and potential for risk of harm when establishing behavior change programs?

because people who need these programs are often vulnerable and can become victims of mistreatment

Why is modeling optimism helpful to families?

because you can show them there is hope for the future

Which of the following is the best behavioral definition?

bites self

Which of the following is a similarity between discrete trial instruction and naturalistic techniques

both require that skills be broken down into small steps in order to be taught

What is one thing you can do while you are working to remember details or events you will document later?

carry a notepad around when working to jot down notes to transcribe later

Which of the following is a target for a skill for selecting an object according to feature?

choosing all the green balls

Which of the following can RBT's do in relation to implementing intervention plans?

collect data on the effectiveness of the plan

What is not appropriate to document in a communication log book?

comments critical of others

Placing a soft object near a persons fist to block a hit is a:

consequence strategy

What is the best course of action to take in the event of an extinction burst?

continue the intervention

The Early Start Denver Model (ESDM) utilizes which feature in order to track progress of learners during the course of an intervention?

curriculum checklist

To prepare for a discrete trial session, you must gather the skill acquisition plan, materials, reinforcers, and _

data collection sheets or devices

Differential reinforcement of high rates of behavior are used to:

decrease the time from the display of one behavior to the next