Red Book - Gynecologic Review
The space of Retzius is located :
Between the bladder and pubic bone
Pseudoprecocious puberty may be associated with all of the following except :
Brain tumor Includes: Ovarian tumor Adrenal tumor Liver tumor
The pelvic ligament that extends from the lateral aspect of the uterus to the side walls of the pelvis is the :
Broad ligament
The ligament that houses the vasculature of the uterus is the :
Cardinal ligament
The rigid region of the uterus located between the vagina and the isthmus is the :
Cervix
All of the following are sonographic findings consistent with adenomyosis except :
Complex adnexal mass Includes: Diffuse , enlarged uterus Myometrial cysts Hypoechoic areas adjacent to the endometrium
Which of the following is best defined as difficult or painful menstruation ?
Dysmenorrhea
The inner mucosal lining of the uterus is the :
Endometrium
Which of the following statements would be considered an acceptable disadvantage of endovaginal imaging ?
Endovaginal imaging has a limited field of view .
The most superior and widest portion of the uterus is the :
Fundus
Precocious puberty is best defined as :
Pubertal development before the age of 8
What structure within the female pelvis lies posterior to the urinary bladder and anterior to the rectum ?
Uterus
Fluid noted anterior to the uterus would most likely be located within the :.
Vesicouterine pouch
All of the following are proper techniques for providing patient care for patients during a peIvic sonogram except :
A probe cover should be placed on the transducer for transabdominal imaging to prevent the spread of infection . Is true : All transducers and their cords should be cleaned before performing a pelvic sonogram . Endovaginal transducers should be cleaned with a high - level disinfectant . Sterile jelly should be used as a lubricant for endovaginal imaging .
The sonographic pelvic examination of a female patient reveals an extensive amount of ascites . In the transverse plane , you visualize two echogenic structures extending from the side walls of uterus to the pelvic side walls bilaterally . These structures are most likely the :
Broad ligaments
All of the following are common indications for a pelvic sonogram except :
Evaluation of pelvic anatomy immediately following a motor vehicle accident Is common: Evaluation of congenital anomalies Localization of an intrauterine contraceptive device Postmenopausal bleeding
The inferior portion of the cervix closest to the vagina is the :
External os
The layer of the endometrium that is significantly altered as a result of hormonal stimulation during the menstrual cycle is the :
Functional layer
What laboratory value would be most useful to evaluate in a patient with suspected internal hemorrhage ?
Hematocrit
A simple fluid accumulation within the vagina secondary to an imperforate hymen is :
Hydrocolpos
Pelvic bones , when visualized on sonography , will appear :
Hyperechoic
Which of the following would be best defined as regularly timed menses but light flow ?
Hypomenorrhea
The paired muscles that are located lateral to the uterus and anterior to the iliac crest are the :
Iliopsoas muscles
The right ovarian vein drains directly into the :
Inferior vena cava
The uterine artery branches off of the :
Internal iliac artery
The innominate bones of the pelvis consist of the :
Ischium , ilium , and pubic bones
Having the same echogenicity means :
Isoechoic
What section of the uterus is also referred to as the lower uterine segment ?
Isthmus
Which of the following laboratory tests may be used as a tumor marker for an ovarian dysgerminoma ?
Lactate dehydrogenase
The left ovarian vein drains directly into the :
Left renal vein
The true pelvis is delineated from the false pelvis by the :
Linea terminalis
All of the following would be relevant laboratory tests to evaluate before performing a routine pelvic sonogram except
Lipase
Which of the following is best described as an artifact that is produced by a strong reflector and results in a copy of the anatomy being placed deeper than the correct location ?
Mirror image
Which of the following diagnostic tests is used to evaluate emitted radiation from the patient to assess the function of organs ?
Nuclear medicine
The muscle located lateral to the ovaries is the :
Obturator internus muscle
The ovary is supplied blood by the :
Ovarian artery and uterine artery
Which of the following most often leads to an elevation of CA - 125 ?
Ovarian carcinoma
The pelvic ligament that provides support to the ovary and extends from the ovary to the lateral surface of the uterus is the :
Ovarian ligament
Leukocytosis would most likely be associated with :
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Which of the following would be the least likely to cause abdominal distension ?
Polycystic ovarian disease Most likely: Ascites Multiple leiomyoma Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
Which of the following would most likely be associated with hirsutism ?
Polycystic ovary syndrome
Pelvic bones , when visualized on sonography , will produce :
Posterior shadowing
Another name for the rectouterine pouch is the :
Pouch of Douglas
Fluid noted posterior to the uterus would most likely be located within the :
Pouch of Douglas
What is considered the most dependent part of the peritoneal cavity ?
Pouch of Douglas
Which vessels supply blood to the deeper layers of the myometrium ?
Radial arteries
Both the straight and spiral arteries are branches of the :
Radial artery
Which of the following would be most indicative of a leiomyosarcoma ?
Rapid growth
The uterine arteries supply blood to all of the following except :
Rectum Includes: Fallopian tubes Ovaries Uterus
Which of the following are the paired anterior abdominal muscles that extend from the xiphoid process of the sternum to the pubic bone ?
Rectus abdominis muscles
What other term is used to describe the space of Retzius ?
Retropubic space
Which of the following would be caused by a large acoustic interface and subsequent production of false echoes ?
Reverberation
What artifact could be noted emanating from air or gas within the endometrium in a patient with endometritis ?
Ring - down
What congenital malformation of the uterus is common and has a clear association with an increased risk for spontaneous abortion ?
Septate uterus
Which of the following would be considered the more common uterine anomaly ?
Septate uterus
What artifact would be seen posterior to a tooth within a cystic teratoma ?
Shadowing
The arteries that directly supply blood to the functional layer of the endometrium are the :
Spiral arteries
Which of the following fibroid locations would most likely result in abnormal uterine bleeding because of its relationship to the endometrium ?
Submucosal
Upon sonographic evaluation of a patient complaining of abnormal distention , you visualize a large , hypoechoic mass distorting the anterior border of the uterus . What is the most likely location of this mass ?
Subserosal
The pelvic ligament that provides support to the ovary to the pelvic side wall is the :
Suspensory ligament of the ovary
The breast cancer drug that inhibits the effects of estrogen in the breast is :
Tamoxifen
The best way to communicate with a patient who speaks a language other than your own is to :
Use a trained medical interpreter
p Endovaginal transducers may be cleaned by submerging in a ( n ) ______ -based solution
glutaraldehyde
The vagina is located____ to the uterus :
inferior
Ovulation typically occurs on day ___ of the menstrual cycle .
14
The average menstrual cycle lasts :
28 days
An 84 - year - old patient presents to the sonography department with sudden onset of vaginal bleeding . Her endometrium should not exceed :
5 mm
With endometrial atrophy , the endometrial thickness should not exceed :
5 mm
Precocious puberty is defined as the development of pubic hair , breasts , and the genitals before the age of :
8
An asymptomatic 65 - year - old patient presents to the sonography department with pelvic pain but no vaginal bleeding . Her endometrial thickness should not exceed :
8 mm
The measurement of the endometrium during the early proliferative phase ranges from :
8 to 12 mm
A patient presents to the sonography department with a history of uterine prolapsed . Which of the following best describes this disorder ?
A condition that results from the weakening of the pelvic diaphragm muscles and allows for the displacement of the uterus , often through the vagina .
A change in menstrual bleeding associated with lesions within the uterus relates to :
AUB
What is the most common form of endometrial carcinoma ?
Adenocarcinoma
Ectopic endometrial tissue within the uterus that leads to AUB is termed :
Adenomyosis
The invasion of endometrial tissue into the myometrium of the uterus is referred to as :
Adenomyosis
Which of the following wouldpypically not be associated with amenorrhea ?
Adenomyosis
Peritoneal spaces located posterior to the broad ligament are referred to as the :
Adnexa
What Doppler artifact occurs when the Doppler sampling rate is not high enough to display the Doppler shift frequency ?
Aliasing
Absence of a menstruation is referred to as :
Amenorrhea
The absence of menstrual bleeding is termed :
Amenorrhea
Which of the following is typically not a clinical complaint of women who are suffering from adenomyosis ?
Amenorrhea
The longest and most tortuous segment of the fallopian tube is the :
Ampulla
The segment of the fallopian tube where fertilization typically occurs is the :
Ampulla
What term describes the echogenicity of a simple ovarian cyst ?
Anechoic
Which of the following sonographic findings would not increase the likelihood of an ovarian malignancy ?
Anechoic components with acoustic enhancement
The uterine position in which the corpus tilts forward and comes in contact with the cervix describes :
Anteflexion
FSH is produced by the :
Anterior pituitary gland
LH is produced by the :
Anterior pituitary gland
The normal position of the uterus is :
Anteverted
The right ovarian artery branches off of the :
Aorta
The peripheral arteries of the uterus are the :
Arcuate arteries
A Causes of postmenopausal bleeding include all of the following except :
Asherman syndrome
All of the following are associated with acute pelvic pain except :
Asherman syndrome
Assisted reproductive therapy can result in all of the following except :
Asherman syndrome
The development of adhesions within the uterine cavity is termed :
Asherman syndrome
Which of the following is not associated with endometrial hyperplasia ?
Asherman syndrome Does include: Tamoxifen therapy Polycystic ovary syndrome Ovarian thecoma
The outer layer of the endometrium is the :
Basal layer
The best description for endometrial polyps is :.
Benign nodules of hyperplastic endometrial tissue
Fitz - Hugh - Curtis syndrome could be described as :
Clinical findings of gallbladder disease as a result of PID
The abdominal aorta bifurcates into the :
Common iliac arteries
The area of attachment of the fallopian tubes to the uterus is the :
Cornua
Endometrial polyps are associated with all of the following except :
Coronary heart disease
The largest part of the uterus is the :
Corpus
Which structure remains after the corpus luteum has regressed ?
Corpus albicans
After the Graafian follicle ruptures , the remaining structure is termed the :
Corpus luteum
The cystic mass commonly noted with a pregnancy is the :
Corpus luteum
The temporary endocrine gland that results from the rupture of the Graafian follicle is the :
Corpus luteum
The structure noted within the Graafian follicle containing the developing ovum is the :
Cumulus oophorus
Difficult or painful intercourse is referred to as :
Dyspareunia
What term is used to describe painful intercourse ?
Dyspareunia
Which of the following is defined as pain during intercourse ?
Dyspareunia
What would increase a patient's likelihood of suffering from thromboembolism ?
ERT
Asherman syndrome is associated with :
Endometrial adhesions
All of the following statements are true of endovaginal imaging except :
Endovaginal imaging requires a full urinary bladder . Includes: Endovaginal imaging leads to reduced waiting time for the patient and quicker medical management . Endovaginal imaging offers improved resolution of the endometrium , uterus , and ovaries , especially in the obese patient . Endovaginal imaging is contraindicated for pediatric patients , and for those with an intact hymen .
What form of permanent birth control would be seen sonographically as echogenic , linear structures within the lumen of both isthmic portions of the fallopian tubes ?
Essure devices
What hormone plays a major role in the symptoms associated with menopause ?
Estrogen
Which hormone released by the ovary during the proliferative phase stimulates endometrial thickening ?
Estrogen
A 24 - year - old female patient presents to the sonography department for a pelvic sonogram with an indication of pelvic pain . Upon sonographic interrogation , the sonographer notes an anechoic mass within the vagina . This mass most likely represents a :
Gartner duct cyst
What term relates to the number of pregnancies a patient has had ?
Gravida
A 13 - year - old girl presents to the sonography department with a history of cyclic pain , abdominal swelling , and amenorrhea . Sonographically , you visualize an enlarged uterus and a distended vagina that contains anechoic fluid with debris . What is the most likely diagnosis ?
Hematocolpos
Blood accumulation within the uterus is termed :
Hematometra
Blood within the fallopian tube is termed :
Hematosalpinx
The occurrence of having both an intrauterine and extrauterine pregnancy at the same time describes :
Heterotopic pregnancy
The hormone that surges at ovulation is :
LH
The two hormones produced by the anterior pituitary gland that impact the menstrual cycle are :
LH and FSH
Amenorrhea is defined as :
Lack of menstrual flow
During which phase of the endometrial cycle would the endometrium yield the three line sign ?
Late proliferative
The periovulatory phase may also be referred to as the :
Late proliferative phase
Abnormally heavy and prolonged menstrual flow between periods is termed :
Menometrorrhagia
Cessation of menstruation with advanced age is termed :
Menopause
Which of the following would be best defined as abnormally heavy menstrual flow ?
Menorrhagia
Which of the following could also be described as intermenstrual bleeding ?
Metrorrhagia
Which of the following is best defined as intermenstrual bleeding ?
Metrorrhagia
An edometrioma most likely appears as a :
Mostly cystic mass with low - level echoes
The malignant ovarian mass that is associated with pseudomyxoma peritonei is the :
Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma
The inner layer of the wall of the fallopian tube is the :
Mucosal layer
The surgical removal of a fibroid is termed :
Myomectomy
All of the following are clinical findings associated with leiomyoma except :
Myometrial cysts
A patient presents to the sonography department for a pelvic sonogram with a history of adenomyosis that was diagnosed following an MRI of the pelvis . What are the most likely sonographic findings ?
Myometrial cysts with enlargement of the posterior uterine wall
A 24 - year - old female patient presents to the emergency department with severe right lower quadrant pain , nausea , and vomiting . The sonographic examination reveals an enlarged ovary with no detectable Doppler signal . What is the most likely diagnosis ?
Ovarian torsion
Patients with OHS are at increased risk for :
Ovarian torsion
What abnormality results from the ovary twisting on its mesenteric connection ?
Ovarian torsion
Leiomyomas that project from a stalk are termed :
Pedunculated
Which of the following could be described as an infection of the female genital tract that may involve the ovaries , uterus , and / or the fallopian tubes ?
Pelvic inflammatory disease
The muscles that may be confused with the ovaries on a pelvic sonogram include the :
Piriformis and iliopsoas muscles
The bilateral muscles that are located posterior to and extend from the sacrum to the femoral greater trochanter are the :
Piriformis muscles
The sonographic " string of pearls " sign is indicative of :
Polycystic ovary syndrome
Causes of female infertility include all of the following except :
Previous intrauterine device use Does include: Polycystic ovary syndrome Asherman syndrome Endometriosis
The corpus luteum primarily releases :
Progesterone
What hormone maintains the thickness of the endometrium after ovulation ?
Progesterone
Which of the following hormones is released by the ovary during the second half of the menstrual cycle ?
Progesterone
The first phase of the endometrial cycle is the :
Proliferative phase
Malignant ovarian tumors may leak mucinous material , and this condition is known as :
Pseudomyxoma peritonei
The " S " in the STAR criteria stands for :
Smooth walls Through transmission Anechoic Round in shape
The arteries within the functional layer of the endometrium that are altered by the hormones of the ovary and are shed with menstruation are the :
Spiral arteries
Amenorrhea , hirsutism , and obesity describe the clinical features of :
Stein - Leventhal syndrome
Excessive hair growth in women in areas where hair growth is normally negligible would be seen with :
Stein - Leventhal syndrome
Polycystic ovarian syndrome may also be referred to as :
Stein - Leventhal syndrome
What is another name for adhesions within the endometrial cavity ?
Synechiae
Which of the following definitions best describes the term adnexa ?
The area located posterior to the broad ligaments and adjacent to the uterus
Infertility is defined as :
The inability to conceive a child after 1 year of unprotected intercourse
Leiomyosarcoma of the uterus denotes :
The malignant counterpart of a fibroid
Measurement of the endometrium should include :
The measurement from the basal layer to the basal layer
All of the following are sonographic findings of a tubo - ovarian abscess except :
The presence of 10 or more small cysts along the periphery of the ovaries Does include: Cul - de - sac fluid Thickened , irregular endometrium Fusion of the pelvic organs as a conglomerated mass
The ovarian cyst associated with gestational trophoblastic disease is the :
Theca lutein cyst
OHS can cause multiple large follicles to develop on the ovaries termed :
Theca lutein cysts
The ovarian cysts that are most often bilateral and are associated with markedly elevated levels of hCG are the :
Theca lutein cysts
Which of the following would be described as functional cysts that are found in the presence of elevated levels of human chorionic gonadotropin ?
Theca lutein cysts
Which of the following is an estrogen - producing ovarian tumor ?
Thecoma
Which of the following ovarian tumors would be most likely to cause postmenopausal bleeding ?
Thecoma
All of the following are clinical findings with endometrial hyperplasia except :
Thickened endometrium Does include: Obesity Polycystic ovary syndrome Abnormal uterine bleeding
A patient presents to the sonography department with a history of Chlamydia and suspected PID . Which of the following would be indicative of the typical sonographic findings of PID ?
Thickened irregular endometrium , cul - de - sac fluid , and complex adnexal masses
Sonographic findings of the endometrium in a patient with a history of PID , fever , and elevated white blood cell count would include all of the following except :
Thin , hyperechoic endometrium Does include: Ring - down artifact posterior to the endometrium Endometrial fluid Thickened , irregular endometrium
The sonographic appearance of an ovarian dermoid tumor in which only the anterior elements of the mass can be seen , while the greater part of the mass is obscured by shadowing is consistent with :
Tip of the iceberg sign
Which of the following statements is not true concerning transabdominal pelvic imaging ?
Transabdominal imaging is contraindicated for pediatric patients . Is True: Transabdominal imaging of the pelvis provides a global view of the entire pelvis . Transabdominal imaging lacks the detail of endovaginal imaging . Obese patients and patients with a retroverted or retroflexed uterus present a unique challenge to the transabdominal technique .
The urinary bladder , uterus , and ovaries are located within the :
True pelvis
Which of the following would increase the risk of a patient developing endometrial cancer ?
Unopposed ERT
When does the Centers for Disease Control recommend that alcohol - based handrub not be used by the sonographer ?
When your hands are visibly soiled Includes: After performing a sonogram Before performing a sonogram Between patients
A patient with an ovarian mass presents with an elevated serum AFP . Which of the following would be the most likely ?
Yolk sac tumor
The hormone produced by the trophoblastic cells of the early placenta is :
hCG
Which hormone maintains the corpus luteum during pregnancy ?
hCG
What is used as a tumor marker for endometrial carcinoma ?
CA - 125
What is another name for an endometrioma ?
Chocolate cyst
Hairlike projections within the fallopian tube are called :
Cilia
The removal of tissue from the endometrium by scraping is termed :
Curettage
Tamoxifen effects on the endometrium will sonographically appear as :
Cystic changes within a thickened endometrium
Which of the following does not occur as a result of menopause ?
Cystic enlargement of the ovaries
A 25 - year - old patient presents to the sonography department complaining of pelvic pain , dyspareunia , and oligomenorrhea . An ovarian mass , thought to be a chocolate cyst , is noted during the examination . Which of the following is consistent with the sonographic appearance of a chocolate cyst ?
Cystic mass with low - level echoes
The most common benign ovarian tumor is the :
Cystic teratoma
Which of the following would most likely lead to the development of endometrial adhesions ?
D & C
The ovarian mass that contains fat , sebum , and teeth is the :
Dermoid
The sonographic findings of an endometrial polyp may include :
Diffuse thickening of the endometrium
The ovarian tumor associated with an elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase is the :
Dysgerminoma
Painful and difficult menstruation is termed :
Dysmenorrhea
A 35 - year - old patient presents to the sonography department with a history of tubal ligation and positive pregnancy test . What condition should be highly suspected ?
Ectopic pregnancy
A 60 - year - old patient presents to the emergency department with sudden onset of vaginal bleeding . The sonographic examination reveals an endometrium that measures 4 mm . There are no other significant sonographic findings . What is the most likely diagnosis ?
Endometrial atrophy
A 68 - year - old patient presents to the sonography department complaining of vaginal bleeding The most likely cause of her bleeding is :
Endometrial atrophy
The most common cause of postmenopausal bleeding is :
Endometrial atrophy
Endometrial hyperplasia may be caused by all of the following except :
Endometrial atrophy Does include: HRT ERT Tamoxifen
The most common female genital tract malignancy is :
Endometrial carcinoma
Unopposed estrogen therapy has been shown to increase the risk for developing :
Endometrial carcinoma
A 67 - year - old patient on HRT presents to the sonography department with abnormal uterine bleeding . Sonographically , the endometrium is diffusely small cystic areas , and measures 9 mm in thickness . The most likely cause of her thickened , contains bleeding is :
Endometrial hyperplasia
An increase in the number of endometrial cells is termed :
Endometrial hyperplasia
Tamoxifen has been linked with all of the following except :
Endometrial leiomyoma Does include: Endometrial polyps Endometrial hyperplasia Endometrial carcinoma
A 34 - year - old patient presents to the sonography department for an endovaginal sonogram complaining of intermenstrual bleeding . The sonographic findings include a focal irregularity and enlargement of one area of the endometrium . The most likely diagnosis is :
Endometrial polyps
A patient presents to the sonography department with complaints of infertility and painful menstrual cycles . Sonographically , you discover a cystic mass on the ovary consisting low - level echoes . Based on the clinical and sonographic findings , what is the most likely diagnosis ?
Endometrioma
Which of the following is a tumor of ectopic endometrial tissue ?
Endometrioma
Which of the following is also referred to as a chocolate cyst ?
Endometrioma
The presence of functional , ectopic endometrial tissue outside the uterus is termed :
Endometriosis
The hormone of the pituitary gland that stimulates follicular development of the ovary is :
FSH
Sonographically , which of the following would most likely be confused for a pedunculated fibroid tumor because of its solid appearing structure ?
Fibroma
With what ovarian tumor is Meigs syndrome most likely associated ?
Fibroma
The fingerlike extensions of the fallopian tube are called :
Fimbria
The development of adhesions between the liver and the diaphragm as a result of PID is termed :
Fitz - Hugh - Curtis syndrome
The first phase of the ovarian cycle is the :
Follicular phase
The recesses of the vagina are the :
Fornices
The hormone produced by the hypothalamus that controls the release of the hormones for menstruation by the anterior pituitary gland is :
GnRH
The dominant follicle prior to ovulation is termed the :
Graafian follicle
What structure may be noted on the ovary just prior to ovulation ?
Graafian follicle
Normal ovarian flow is said to be :
High resistant during menstruation and low resistant at the time of ovulation
Which of the following is defined as excessive hair growth in women in areas where hair growth is normally negligible ?
Hirsutism
Anechoic fluid noted distending the uterus and vagina within a pediatric patient is termed :
Hydrometrocolpos
The sonographic finding of a tubular , simple - appearing , anechoic structure within the adnexa is most consistent with :
Hydrosalpinx
Which of the following would be the least likely clinical finding for a patient with endometriosis ?
Hyperandrogenism
What is the typical sonographic appearance of the endometrium during the secretory phase ?
Hyperchoic and thick
Pelvic muscles appear :
Hypoechoic
When the sonographic three - line sign is present , the functional layer of the endometrium typically appears :
Hypoechoic
What is the radiographic procedure used to evaluate the patency of the fallopian tubes ?
Hysterosalpingography
What is a gynecologic procedure to remove an endometrial polyp ?
Hysteroscopy with polypectomy
The most distal part of the fallopian tube is the :
Infundibulum
The superior portion of the cervix is the :
Internal os
The location of a fibroid within the myometrium is termed :
Intramural
The short and narrow segment of the fallopian tube distal to the interstitial segment is the :
Isthmus
The malignant ovarian tumor with gastrointestinal origin is the :
Krukenberg tumor
What ovarian tumor will most likely have a moth - eaten appearance on sonography ?
Krukenberg tumor
Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating ovarian volume ?
Length x width x height x 0.5233
Prolapse of the pelvic organs most often involves the :
Levator ani and coccygeus muscles
The pelvic muscle group that is located between the coccyx and the pubis is the :
Levator ani muscles
What is the most likely pulsed Doppler characteristic of endometrial cancer ?
Low - impedance flow
The first menstrual cycle is termed :
Menarche
The paired embryonic ducts that develop into the female urogenital tract are the :
Müllerian ducts
A 38 - year - old female patient presents to the sonography department for a pelvic sonogram with an indication of pelvic pain . Upon sonography interrogation , the sonographer notes an anechoic mass within the cervix . This mass most likely represents a :
Nabothian cyst
A female patient presents to the sonography department with a clinical history of Clomid treatment . She is complaining of nausea , vomiting , and abdominal distension . What circumstance is most likely causing her clinical symptoms ?
OHS
Sonographic findings of OHS include all of the following except :
Oliguria
Stein - Leventhal syndrome is related to all of the following except :
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
What would be a predisposing condition that would increase the risk for suffering from ovarian torsion ?
Ovarian mass
Which of the following is associated with the " whirlpool sign " ?
Ovarian torsion
Which of the following would not be a cause of AUB ?
Ovarian torsion
What structure produces hormones that directly act upon the endometrium to produce varying thicknesses and sonographic appearances ?
Ovary
A 26 - year old patient presents to the sonography department with a history of infertility and oligomenorrhea . Sonographically , you discover that the ovaries are enlarged and contain multiple , small follicles along their periphery , with prominent echogenic stromal elements . What is the most likely diagnosis ?
PCOS
All of the following statements concerning PID are true except :
PID is typically a unilateral condition .
All of the following adnexal masses may appear sonographically similar to a uterine leiomyoma except :
Paraovarian cyst
During a pelvic sonogram , you visualize a small cyst located adjacent to the ovary . What is the most likely etiology of this cyst ?
Paraovarian cyst
What leiomyoma location would have an increased risk to undergo torsion ?
Pedunculated
PID can lead to all of the following except :
Polycystic ovarian disease Does include: Infertility Ectopic pregnancy Scar formation in the fallopian tubes
Which of the following is said to be a common cause of DUB ?
Polycystic ovary syndrome
What is defined as frequent regular cycles but less than 21 days apart ?
Polymenorrhea
Which of the following is not a potential cause of PID is ?
Pyelonephritis Does include: Intrauterine contraception use Postabortion Chlamydia
The presence of pus within the uterus defines :
Pyometra
Complex - appearing fluid within the fallopian tubes seen with PID is most likely :
Pyosalpinx
Pus within the fallopian tube is termed :
Pyosalpinx
What substance does hysterosalpingography utilize for the visualization of the uterine cavity and fallopian tubes ?
Radiographic contrast
Possible benefits of ERT include all of the following except :
Reduction in endometrial cancer risk
The sonographic evidence of a hyperemic fallopian tube is consistent with :
Salpingitis
When the ovary is in the luteal phase , the endometrium is in the :
Secretory
The second phase of the endometrial cycle is the :
Secretory phase
The second phase of the ovarian cycle is called the :
Secretory phase
A 55 - year - old patient presents to the sonography department with a history of pelvic pressure , abdominal swelling , and abnormal uterine bleeding . A pelvic sonogram reveals a large , multiloculated cystic mass with papillary projections . What is the most likely diagnosis ?
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
Which of the following the most common malignancy of the ovary ?
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
What ovarian mass is associated with virilization ?
Sertoli - Leydig cell tumor
A 31 - year - old patient presents to the sonography department for a saline infusion sonohysterogram complaining of intermenstrual bleeding and infertility . Sonographically , a mass is demonstrated emanating from the myometrium and distorting the endometrial cavity . What is the most likely diagnosis ?
Submucosal leiomyoma
The breast cancer treatment drug that may alter the sonographic appearance of the endometrium is :
Tamoxifen
A patient presents to the sonography department with a fever , chills , and vaginal discharge . Sonographically , what findings would you most likely not encounter ?
Uterine adhesions
All of the following are considered risk factors for PID except :
Uterine leiomyoma Does include: IUD Multiple sexual partners Post childbirth
Congenital malformation of the uterus that results in complete duplication of the genital tract is :
Uterus didelphys
The most common initial clinical presentation of PID is :
Vaginitis
The sonographic appearance of a 59 - year - old woman on HRT is :
Variable depending upon the menstrual cycle
The anterior cul - de - sac is also referred to as the :
Vesicouterine pouch