Religion, Spirituality, and Nursing Care

Buddhism : Following death the spirit enters?

"Bardo" or intermediary spirit for up to 49 days before the new life beginning

AIRS Survey : Spiritual Groups

- 1/3 are nones - 2/3 were raised in religious homes

Essential practices are the "Five Pillars of Faith"

- Profession of faith - Ritual prayer fives daily at dawn, noon, afternoon, sunset and night facing Mecca (Saudi Arabia) - Almsgiving to the needy - Fasting from dawn until sunset throughout Ramadan - Making a pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in one's lifetime

Nurses sometimes neglect to address spiritual needs of their patients due to several factors :

- Religion and spirituality is viewed as a private matter - Nurses are uncomfortable with their own beliefs or deny having any religious/spiritual beliefs - Lack of knowledge regarding different religions and beliefs - Psychosocial needs are mistaken for spiritual needs - Meeting the religious or spiritual needs are not seen as a nursing responsibility

Buddhism : eightfold path leads to Nirvana and includes :

- Understand suffering - Renounce all attachments - Express oneself lovingly - Behave correctly - Avoid hurting others - Work towards spiritual growth - Develop the ability to reflect on personal experience - Establish perfect intellectual concentration

Hinduism : Birth control and other health care practices

- acceptable practice - males not circumcised - breastfeeding is expected - no restriction on blood, medicines and therapies - no specific beliefs regarding abortion - some believe that illness is Gods way of punishing people for their sins

Islam : Founded

- in the seventh century by the prophet Muhammad who is the messenger of God or Allah - translated as literally "submission to the will of God" - Recognizes one God

Christianity : Health Care Practices

- some denominations practice sacraments for the sick and blessing by a minister or priest - most do not have restrictions on medications or therapies - organ transplantation and donation is permitted by most denominations

Buddhism : Foundation based on 4 noble truths :

1) truth of suffering 2) truth of origin of suffering 3) suffering can be destroyed 4) the way that leads to the cessation of pain

ARIS Surgery : Secular Groups (believe government should be neutral on matters of religion - church and state should be separate)

70% Nones (profess no religion, agnostic, or atheist) - 49% raised in religious homes - 51% attended early in life

ARIS Surgery : Religious Groups :

70% are firm believers (similar to American Adult Population) - most attended religious services on regular bassi in childhood

Christianity : Holidays

Advent, Christmas, Epiphany, Ash Wednesday, Lent and Easter - Not all holidays are recognized by all denominations - Most recognize Christmas and Easter

This surgery gives some insight into the religious affiliation trends in America

American Religious Identification Survey (ARIS) conducted National College Student Survey

Judaism : is a what religion

Ancient - recognizes one God as the creator and sustainer of the universe

Judaism Birth

Brit Milah - the covenant of circumcision is performed on all males on the 8th day after birth and performed by a Mohel

Judaism fundamental sect

Hasidism - hasidic jews usually live and work only within their Jewish communities

Buddhism : Spiritual peace and liberation from anxiety promote

Healing and recovery

Buddhism : Health Care practices : believe in?

Karma (for every action is a consequence in this life and future life - illness may be attributed to poor choices in this or previous life)

Islam : A follower of islam is referred to as a :

Muslim

Buddhism : Mourning Periods

Not usual as reincarnation allows the person to be "reborn"

Judaism : three main divisions

Orthodox, Conservative, and Reform

Buddhism : Birth

Reincarnation allows for the opportunity to reach Nirvana

Males and Females identify with the :

Religious group

College - age Americans identify with three distinct world views :

Religious, Secular, and Spiritual

Judaism Holidays "high holidays" and Holiest?

Rosh Hashanah, the Jewish New Year, and Yom Kippur are the "high holidays" - Sabbath is the holiest day

More males identify with what groups?

Secular group

Buddhism : Death : Peace and Quiet

Should be provided at the time of death

Buddhism : Dietary Practices

Some are vegetarian some are not - moderation is encourages

More families identified with?

Spiritual groups

The population that has been identified as being responsible for the recent changes in the nation's patterns of religiosity and religious identification are :

Young Adult Americans

Islam : 10 days after giving birth and 5-6 days after menstruation is considered

a cleaning period for women and they are exempt from daily prayers

Faith Community Nursing refers to

a model of care that uses nurses based within faith communities to provide health services to other members of those communities, including health promotion and disease prevention programs, chronic disease management and culturally sensitive services"

Christianity began as

a sect of judaism - followers believed Jesus was the promised Messiah - many denominations exist within Christianity

Islam : Birth : Babies

are washed before being handed to the mother

Christianity and God

belief in one God and most believe in the three dimensions of God (trinity) known as Father, Son, and Holy Spirit - Death and resurrection of Jesus provides an opportunity for salvation

Christianity Death

believe in the afterlife - prayers, ritual, sacraments may be offered for the dying - euthanasia is not permitted, autopsy and organ donation are permitted

Judaism : after death

body is ritually washed and clothed in simple white shrouds

Christianity birth?

considered a time of celebration - many denominations prohibit the use of birth control

Strictly observant Jews diet

do not eat pork or predatory fowl - milk dishes are not mixed with meat dishes - only fish with fins and scales are eaten and shellfish are prohibited

Hinduism : Dietary Practices

eating of meat is forbidden so most are vergitarian - some do eat meat but avoid beef and pork

Judaism : a person near death is

encourage to unburden themselves of worries, fears, and guilt

Islam : Practitioners

females prefer female doctor and males prefer male

Judaism : Kosher practices , dishes

included proper slaughter of animals, and proper prep of food - Dishes and utensils for different types of foods may be kept separate

Christianity - The sacrament of communion

is a symbol of the body and blood of Jesus Christ

Buddhism : Death : Euthanasia

is allowed if life cannot be prolonged - this allows person to be reincarnated and continue their path to enlightenment

Hinduism : Death

is considered one more step towards Nirvana - Euthanasia is not practiced - Autopsy and organ donation is acceptable - prefer to die at home with a priest present to give last rites - believe in reincarnation with the soul reborn over and over until its karma is used up - excessive mourning is discouraged

Judism Basic belief

is that god created people, provide them with guidance and free will to choose between good and evil, gives redemption, salvation, and ultimate justice after life

Hinduism : Brahman

is the principle and the center from which all things proceed and return - believe in karma

Buddhism : After death the body is

kept in a peaceful state for 3 days - the body is taken home and is untouched

Islam : Death

may wash face to is tin mecca when dying - Koran recited when dying - immediately after death body is covered and placed with the diet facing towards mecca - only another muslim can prepare the body for burial - burial is performed as soon as possible - no cremation

Judaism : if condition is not life threatning

medical procedure should not be performed on the Sabbath or on holy days

Islam : meds

no restrictions on meds, blood product, or therapy - euthanasia is prohibited - organ donation and transplants are allowed

Buddhism : Meds?

no restrictions on meds, vaccines, or other medical interventions. As long as the therapy aids in the persons path to enlightenment it is allowed - Birth control is accepted

Buddhism : Saga Dawa

observation of Buddhism birth - fasting may be observed

Nursing in Faith Communities is based on the principle :

of holistic nursing that recognizes the dynamic relationship between spirituality and health of the mind and body through the lifespan

Islam : Diet

pork and pork products are not allowed - alcohol is not allowed - only fish with scales may be eaten

Judaism : Prayer and Meds

prayer is an important aspect to healing - no restriction with medication and therapies

Judaism Euthanasia

prohibited

Judaism : embalming, public view

prohibited not performed

Hindusim : Holidays

recognize the different deities - recognition of the holiday depend on the deity that is worshipped

Hinduism : Birth

reincarnation - the exact time of birth is important to determine the baby's horoscope - the infant is not traditionally named until the 10th day of life although in American hospitals and baby is often named at birth

Hinduism Founded on

sacred written scripture called the Vedas

Judaism : Shiva and cremation

shiva is the mourning period - cremation is not allowed

Judaism Dietary practices

strict but the degreee to which they are followed varies according to the individual

To provide holistic care to patients and families nurses must :

support, not only the physical concerns, but also the mental/emotional and spiritual needs

Judaism : dying person may be

surrounded by family, friends, and heir rabbi

Islam : The father, mother, or Imam whispers what in babies ear

the call to prayer in babies ears so that the first sound it hears are about the Muslim faith

Buddhism : The more composed and calm the mind is at death

the greater opportunity for a better rebirth

Christianity - the sacrament of baptism signifies

the passage into Christianity

Hinduism :

thought to be the oldest religion in the world - many variations found around the world - some worship one God, while others worship more than one God

Christianity : Dietary

vary among the different denomination - some believe in fasting of some form such as no meat during some religious observance