Religion, Spirituality, and Nursing Care
Buddhism : Following death the spirit enters?
"Bardo" or intermediary spirit for up to 49 days before the new life beginning
AIRS Survey : Spiritual Groups
- 1/3 are nones - 2/3 were raised in religious homes
Essential practices are the "Five Pillars of Faith"
- Profession of faith - Ritual prayer fives daily at dawn, noon, afternoon, sunset and night facing Mecca (Saudi Arabia) - Almsgiving to the needy - Fasting from dawn until sunset throughout Ramadan - Making a pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in one's lifetime
Nurses sometimes neglect to address spiritual needs of their patients due to several factors :
- Religion and spirituality is viewed as a private matter - Nurses are uncomfortable with their own beliefs or deny having any religious/spiritual beliefs - Lack of knowledge regarding different religions and beliefs - Psychosocial needs are mistaken for spiritual needs - Meeting the religious or spiritual needs are not seen as a nursing responsibility
Buddhism : eightfold path leads to Nirvana and includes :
- Understand suffering - Renounce all attachments - Express oneself lovingly - Behave correctly - Avoid hurting others - Work towards spiritual growth - Develop the ability to reflect on personal experience - Establish perfect intellectual concentration
Hinduism : Birth control and other health care practices
- acceptable practice - males not circumcised - breastfeeding is expected - no restriction on blood, medicines and therapies - no specific beliefs regarding abortion - some believe that illness is Gods way of punishing people for their sins
Islam : Founded
- in the seventh century by the prophet Muhammad who is the messenger of God or Allah - translated as literally "submission to the will of God" - Recognizes one God
Christianity : Health Care Practices
- some denominations practice sacraments for the sick and blessing by a minister or priest - most do not have restrictions on medications or therapies - organ transplantation and donation is permitted by most denominations
Buddhism : Foundation based on 4 noble truths :
1) truth of suffering 2) truth of origin of suffering 3) suffering can be destroyed 4) the way that leads to the cessation of pain
ARIS Surgery : Secular Groups (believe government should be neutral on matters of religion - church and state should be separate)
70% Nones (profess no religion, agnostic, or atheist) - 49% raised in religious homes - 51% attended early in life
ARIS Surgery : Religious Groups :
70% are firm believers (similar to American Adult Population) - most attended religious services on regular bassi in childhood
Christianity : Holidays
Advent, Christmas, Epiphany, Ash Wednesday, Lent and Easter - Not all holidays are recognized by all denominations - Most recognize Christmas and Easter
This surgery gives some insight into the religious affiliation trends in America
American Religious Identification Survey (ARIS) conducted National College Student Survey
Judaism : is a what religion
Ancient - recognizes one God as the creator and sustainer of the universe
Judaism Birth
Brit Milah - the covenant of circumcision is performed on all males on the 8th day after birth and performed by a Mohel
Judaism fundamental sect
Hasidism - hasidic jews usually live and work only within their Jewish communities
Buddhism : Spiritual peace and liberation from anxiety promote
Healing and recovery
Buddhism : Health Care practices : believe in?
Karma (for every action is a consequence in this life and future life - illness may be attributed to poor choices in this or previous life)
Islam : A follower of islam is referred to as a :
Muslim
Buddhism : Mourning Periods
Not usual as reincarnation allows the person to be "reborn"
Judaism : three main divisions
Orthodox, Conservative, and Reform
Buddhism : Birth
Reincarnation allows for the opportunity to reach Nirvana
Males and Females identify with the :
Religious group
College - age Americans identify with three distinct world views :
Religious, Secular, and Spiritual
Judaism Holidays "high holidays" and Holiest?
Rosh Hashanah, the Jewish New Year, and Yom Kippur are the "high holidays" - Sabbath is the holiest day
More males identify with what groups?
Secular group
Buddhism : Death : Peace and Quiet
Should be provided at the time of death
Buddhism : Dietary Practices
Some are vegetarian some are not - moderation is encourages
More families identified with?
Spiritual groups
The population that has been identified as being responsible for the recent changes in the nation's patterns of religiosity and religious identification are :
Young Adult Americans
Islam : 10 days after giving birth and 5-6 days after menstruation is considered
a cleaning period for women and they are exempt from daily prayers
Faith Community Nursing refers to
a model of care that uses nurses based within faith communities to provide health services to other members of those communities, including health promotion and disease prevention programs, chronic disease management and culturally sensitive services"
Christianity began as
a sect of judaism - followers believed Jesus was the promised Messiah - many denominations exist within Christianity
Islam : Birth : Babies
are washed before being handed to the mother
Christianity and God
belief in one God and most believe in the three dimensions of God (trinity) known as Father, Son, and Holy Spirit - Death and resurrection of Jesus provides an opportunity for salvation
Christianity Death
believe in the afterlife - prayers, ritual, sacraments may be offered for the dying - euthanasia is not permitted, autopsy and organ donation are permitted
Judaism : after death
body is ritually washed and clothed in simple white shrouds
Christianity birth?
considered a time of celebration - many denominations prohibit the use of birth control
Strictly observant Jews diet
do not eat pork or predatory fowl - milk dishes are not mixed with meat dishes - only fish with fins and scales are eaten and shellfish are prohibited
Hinduism : Dietary Practices
eating of meat is forbidden so most are vergitarian - some do eat meat but avoid beef and pork
Judaism : a person near death is
encourage to unburden themselves of worries, fears, and guilt
Islam : Practitioners
females prefer female doctor and males prefer male
Judaism : Kosher practices , dishes
included proper slaughter of animals, and proper prep of food - Dishes and utensils for different types of foods may be kept separate
Christianity - The sacrament of communion
is a symbol of the body and blood of Jesus Christ
Buddhism : Death : Euthanasia
is allowed if life cannot be prolonged - this allows person to be reincarnated and continue their path to enlightenment
Hinduism : Death
is considered one more step towards Nirvana - Euthanasia is not practiced - Autopsy and organ donation is acceptable - prefer to die at home with a priest present to give last rites - believe in reincarnation with the soul reborn over and over until its karma is used up - excessive mourning is discouraged
Judism Basic belief
is that god created people, provide them with guidance and free will to choose between good and evil, gives redemption, salvation, and ultimate justice after life
Hinduism : Brahman
is the principle and the center from which all things proceed and return - believe in karma
Buddhism : After death the body is
kept in a peaceful state for 3 days - the body is taken home and is untouched
Islam : Death
may wash face to is tin mecca when dying - Koran recited when dying - immediately after death body is covered and placed with the diet facing towards mecca - only another muslim can prepare the body for burial - burial is performed as soon as possible - no cremation
Judaism : if condition is not life threatning
medical procedure should not be performed on the Sabbath or on holy days
Islam : meds
no restrictions on meds, blood product, or therapy - euthanasia is prohibited - organ donation and transplants are allowed
Buddhism : Meds?
no restrictions on meds, vaccines, or other medical interventions. As long as the therapy aids in the persons path to enlightenment it is allowed - Birth control is accepted
Buddhism : Saga Dawa
observation of Buddhism birth - fasting may be observed
Nursing in Faith Communities is based on the principle :
of holistic nursing that recognizes the dynamic relationship between spirituality and health of the mind and body through the lifespan
Islam : Diet
pork and pork products are not allowed - alcohol is not allowed - only fish with scales may be eaten
Judaism : Prayer and Meds
prayer is an important aspect to healing - no restriction with medication and therapies
Judaism Euthanasia
prohibited
Judaism : embalming, public view
prohibited not performed
Hindusim : Holidays
recognize the different deities - recognition of the holiday depend on the deity that is worshipped
Hinduism : Birth
reincarnation - the exact time of birth is important to determine the baby's horoscope - the infant is not traditionally named until the 10th day of life although in American hospitals and baby is often named at birth
Hinduism Founded on
sacred written scripture called the Vedas
Judaism : Shiva and cremation
shiva is the mourning period - cremation is not allowed
Judaism Dietary practices
strict but the degreee to which they are followed varies according to the individual
To provide holistic care to patients and families nurses must :
support, not only the physical concerns, but also the mental/emotional and spiritual needs
Judaism : dying person may be
surrounded by family, friends, and heir rabbi
Islam : The father, mother, or Imam whispers what in babies ear
the call to prayer in babies ears so that the first sound it hears are about the Muslim faith
Buddhism : The more composed and calm the mind is at death
the greater opportunity for a better rebirth
Christianity - the sacrament of baptism signifies
the passage into Christianity
Hinduism :
thought to be the oldest religion in the world - many variations found around the world - some worship one God, while others worship more than one God
Christianity : Dietary
vary among the different denomination - some believe in fasting of some form such as no meat during some religious observance