Renal and Urinary System

A patient has acute renal failure. What is another term the nurse can use to describe this condition? A. acute kidney injury B. glomerulonephritis C. kidney stones D. acute tubular necrosis

A. acute kidney injury

A patient has an acute kidney injury. Which intervention will the nurse incorporate into a plan of care for this patient? A. carefully monitor fluid and electrolyte balance B. administer higher doses of medication to enhance healing C. encourage hypovolemia to reduce the workload of the kidneys D. suggest a low-calorie, low-carbohydrate, and low-protein diet

A. carefully monitor fluid and electrolyte balance

Which information will help the nurse determine the severity of a patient's urinary tract obstruction? A. duration of the blockage B. supersaturation C. aggregation D. precipitation of the salts

A. duration of the blockage

Which of the following concepts should the nurse include when describing the pathophysiology for chronic renal disease? A. glomerulosclerosis, tubulointerstitial inflammation, and proteinuria B. glomerular hypotension, fibrosis, and aldosterone C. glomerulonephristis, IgA neuropathy and antidiuretic hormone D. glomerular compensatory hypertrophy, pyelonephritis and natriuretic peptide

A. glomerulosclerosis, tubulointerstitial inflammation, and proteinuria

A patient has IgA nephropathy (Berger disease). What classic finding will the nurse assess for in this patient? A. hematuria after a GI viral infection B. renal colic after stone formation C. large tumor on the kidney x-ray D. uncontrolled hypertension

A. hematuria after a GI viral infection

A urologist is describing a procedure that uses ultrasound waves to break large renal calculi into smaller stones that can be passed through the urinary tract. Which procedure is the urologist discussing? A. lithotripsy B. pyelography C. renal biospy D. enterocystoplasty

A. lithotripsy

A nurse is asked why hyperlipidemia occurs in nephrotic syndrome. What is the nurse's best response? A. loss of albumin stimulates lipoprotein synthesis by the liver and hyperlipiemia results B. loss of immunoglobulins stimulates the liver to produce more lipoproteins C. sloughing of tubular cells results in scarring and liver production of lipoproteins D. sodium retention is common, causing the liver to overproduce lipoproteins

A. loss of albumin stimulates lipoprotein synthesis by the liver and hyperlipiemia results

Which of the following terms will the nurse use to describe bladder dysfunction caused by a neurological disorder? A. neurogenic bladder B. bladder dyssynergia C. bladder prolapse D. cystitis

A. neurogenic bladder

The nurse is reading the patient's history. Which of the following will help confirm the diagnosis of overactive bladder? A. nocturia B. dysuria C. polyuria D. hematuria

A. nocturia

A patient has bladder cancer. Which assessment finding is most typical for this patient? A. painless hematuria B. stones in the urine C. jaundice D. fever

A. painless hematuria

A patient has a loss of urine when laughing or sneezing. Which type of incontinence does the nurse suspect the patient is experiencing? A. stress B. urge C. overflow D. functional

A. stress

Which patient is most prone to the development of pyelonephritis? A patient with: A. urinary reflux B. nephrotic syndrome C. respiratory disease D. glomerulonephritis

A. urinary reflux

A patient has pyelonephritis from chronic backup of urine into the ureters and kidneys. Which predisposing factor does this patient have for pyelonephritis? A. vesicoureteral reflux B. neurogenic bladder C. instrumentation D. kidney stones

A. vesicoureteral reflux

Which microorganism will the nurse most likely observe on the report of a patient who has developed a urinary tract infection (UTI)? A. Klebsiella B. E. Coli C. herpes simplex virus D. Candida albicans

B. E. Coli

A patient has renal cell carcinoma that is confined to the kidney capsule. What stage is the patient's cancer? A. 0 B. I C. II D. III

B. I

The nurse is describing the pathophysiology of post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. Which information should the nurse include? The cause of this type of glomerulonephritis is: A. infection of the glomerular capsule secondary to urinary tract infection B. antigen-antibody complexes that deposit on the glomerular membrane C. hydronephrosis from kidney stones D. viral infection in the blood stream that migrates to the glomerulus

B. antigen-antibody complexes that deposit on the glomerular membrane

A major modifiable risk factor for the development of renal calculi in the general population is: A. obesity B. dehydration C. smoking D. drinking alcohol

B. dehydration

Which patient is most prone to cystitis? A. active male with a neurogenic bladder B. diabetic woman with an indwelling catheter C. hydrated elderly man taking an antibiotic D. elderly woman with sedentary lifestyle

B. diabetic woman with an indwelling catheter

A consequence of an upper urinary tract obstruction is: A. renal stone formation B. hydronephrosis C. dilation of the urethra D. nephrolithiases

B. hydronephrosis

A patient has a dilated ureter from an obstructed upper urinary tract. Which term will the nurse use to describe this condition? A. hydronephrosis B. hydroureter C. ureterohydronephrosis D. ureterduct

B. hydroureter

A patient has nephrotic syndrome. Which laboratory result will the nurse monitor? A. elevated serum proteins B. hyperlipidemia C. vitamin D excess D. hyperthyroidism

B. hyperlipidemia

A patient has prerenal acute renal failure/acute kidney injury. What does the nurse suspect caused this condition? A. an enlarged prostate B. hypovolemia C. tubular necrosis D. glomerulonephritis

B. hypovolemia

A patient has chronic pyelonephritis. What does the nurse suspect occurred in the patient's body? A. bladder infection B. kidney scarring C. ureter dilation D. ureteral blockage

B. kidney scarring

The patient is admitted to the hospital with acute renal failure or acute kidney injury. Which assessment finding will the nurse observe initially? A. proteinuria B. oliguria C. hematuria D. diuresis

B. oliguria

A patient with cystitis has dysuria. Which of the following assessment findings are consistent with dysuria? A. frequent urination B. painful urination C. urgent urination D. low back pain upon urination

B. painful urination

Obstruction of the lower urinary tract in males is often caused by: A. congenital stricture of a calyx B. prostate enlargement C. pelvic organ prolapse D. urinary tract infection

B. prostate enlargement

The nurse is reviewing laboratory results. Which finding would the urinalysis show in a patient who is developing glomerular disease? A. increased urine creatinine B. proteinuria C. low urine sodium D. renal calculi

B. proteinuria

The main clinical manifestation of a kidney stone that obstructs the ureter is: A. pyuria B. renal colic C. urge incontinence D. an abdominal mass

B. renal colic

A patient has a sudden and strong desire to urinate that is associated with involuntary contractions of the detrusor. Which type of incontinence is this patient experiencing? A. stress B. urge C. overflow D. functional

B. urge

A patient has an obstruction of urine flow in the lower urinary tract. After the patient voids, what equipment should the nurse have ready? A. radiation implants B. urinary catheterization kit C. lithotripsy machine D. antibiotics

B. urinary catheterization kit

For a patient with chronic renal failure, which of the following hormones often needs to be therapeutically replaced? A. antidiuretic hormone (ADH) B. cortisol C. erythropoietin D. aldosterone

C. erythropoietin

A patient with nephrotic syndrome asks the nurse what causes the edema. How should the nurse respond? The edema results from: A. systemic inflammation B. right-sided heart failure C. loss of plasma proteins in the urine D. sodium excretion

C. loss of plasma proteins in the urine

nurse is describing the following conditions: detrusor hyperreflexia, vescicosphincter dyssynergia, and detrusor areflexia/acontractile. Which type of urinary disorder is the nurse discussing? A. pyelonephrisits B. overactive bladder syndrome C. neurogenic bladder D. renal calculi complications

C. neurogenic bladder

If a patient's right kidney becomes blocked/obstructed, what should the nurse suspect will happen in the patient's left kidney? A. acute and chronic hypoperfusion B. obligatory and compensatory atrophy C. obligatory and compensatory growth D. acute and chronic hyperperfusion

C. obligatory and compensatory growth

A symptom that manifests with both urinary tract infection and pyelonephritis is: A. stone formation B. overactive bladder C. painful urination D. mixed incontinence

C. painful urination

Which of the following dietary nutrients should be restricted when the patient has renal failure/ chronic kidney disease? A. fats B. carbohydrates C. protein D. fiber

C. protein

A nurse is reviewing laboratory results and notices that the patient's renal function is less than 25% of normal functioning. Which term will the nurse use to describe this condition? A. end-stage renal failure B. hydronephrosis C. renal insufficiency D. tubulointerstitial fibrosis

C. renal insufficiency

A patient has a suspected urinary tract infection. Which laboratory test is it most important for the nurse to obtain? A. arterial blood gas B. 24 hour urine collection C. urine culture D. hemoglobin level

C. urine culture

A nurse is teaching about end-stage renal failure. Which information should the nurse include? End-stage renal failure refers to a decline in renal function to ____ or less of normal. A. 75% B. 50% C. 25% D. 10%

D. 10%

Which of the following patients is most at risk for the development of renal cell carcinoma? A. a menopausal woman B. an elderly active male C. a nonsmoker female patient D. an obese male patient

D. an obese male patient

A nurse is describing the pathophysiology of chronic renal failure or chronic kidney disease. Which substance should the nurse discuss? A. calcium oxalate B. struvite C. cystine D. angiotensin II

D. angiotensin II

Which of the following indicates that the nurse needs more instruction regarding chronic renal failure? The nurse states that a cause of chronic renal failure is: A. hypertension B. chronic glomerulonephritis C. diabetes D. angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors

D. angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors

A patient with glomerulonephritis has nephritic type sediment. What will the nurse observe in the urine? A. massive amount of protein B. waxy and granular casts C. very little hematuria with lipids D. hematuria with red cell casts

D. hematuria with red cell casts

Which of the following complications associated with renal failure should cause the nurse to notify the primary care provider of the need for immediate dialysis? A. uremia B. increased creatinine C. hypertension D. hyperkalemia

D. hyperkalemia

A patient has uremic frost. Which of the following is it most important for the nurse to assess? A. skeletal system B. central nervous system C. reproductive system D. integumentary system

D. integumentary system

A nurse is describing a glomerular disorder. Which disease is the nurse discussing? A. pyelonephritis B. obstructive uropathy C. interstitial cystitis D. nephrotic syndrome

D. nephrotic syndrome

A nurse assesses a patient with chronic renal failure for osteomalacia and spontaneous bone fractures because: A. excess potassium leaches calcium from the bone B. erythropoietin secretion is impaired C. bilirubin causes demineralization of the bone tissue D. of a vitamin D deficiency

D. of a vitamin D deficiency

A patient had both kidneys obstructed but is now unobstructed and urinating large amounts of urine. What term should the nurse use to describe this process? A. tubulointerstitial fibrosis B. obligatory and compensatory growth C. hypoperfusion D. postobstructive diuresis

D. postobstructive diuresis

Extreme loss of which substance alerts the nurse that the patient is most likely experiencing nephrotic syndrome? A. potassium B. sodium C. glucose D. protein

D. protein

What type of diet will the nurse encourage for a patient with nephrotic syndrome? A. high caloric B. high carbohydrate C. protein restricted D. salt restricted

D. salt restricted

Which patient is most at risk for developing bladder cancer? A patient who: A. presents with exposure to asbestos B. experiences urethral obstruction C. has cystitis D. smokes

D. smokes

A patient's glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is 13 ml/min. Which stage of chronic kidney disease is the patient experiencing? A. stage II B stage III C. stage IV D. stage V

D. stage V

Renal calculi can be formed from: A. urea B. calcium ammonium C. urobilirubin D. uric acid

D. uric acid