Renal neoplasms
x-ray exam where fluid is injected into the ureter in a reverse fashion to look for filling defect
pyelography
benign renal tumors are ______ and most tumors are treated as ______ until proven otherwise
rare, malignant
no color in eye
sporatic aniridia
what are the malignant tumors of the kidneys
renal cell CA, transitional cell CA, Renal lymphoma, Nephroblastoma, squamous cell CA, adenocarcinoma
what type of malignant renal tumor is this? most common abdominal malignancy in children AND most common colid renal tumor in peds patients (1-8 y/o),
Nephroblastoma
the most common of all renal tumors, 2x as likely in MALES, usually ages 60-70, can be multiple, usually unilateral, increased incidence in patients with VON HIPPEL-LINDAU disease, tuberus sclerosis, and those on long term dialysis
Renal cell carcinoma
what type of malignant renal tumor is this? usually solid with areas of hemorrhage and necrosis, if less than 2-3 cm it is hyperechoic, may have vascular pseudocapsule on doppler and hypoechoic rim grayscale, the bigger, the more heterogeneous, can contain calcifications, hypervascular, renal vein or IVC thrombosis, RARELY cyctic and WILL NOT meet simple cyst criteria, WILL HAVE thick irregular walls, septations and calcification
Renal cell carcinoma
type of transitional cell carcinoma- majority of _______ tumors in adults, not usually detected until advanced, more common in men, symptoms of hematuria, dysuria, urinary frequency/urgency, could be primary to the bladder or mets from prostate, ut or colon cancers. Ultrasound very useful in detection- appears as a non-mobile wall mass or focal wall thickening
TCC of the bladder
these symptoms can occur with _____ _____ _____: Hematuria, palpable mass, flank or abdominal pain, can cause hypertension if tumor causes renal artery stenosis, . Can have these symptoms not specific to renal disease but can pertain to all types of cancer: weight loss, leg edema, nausea and vomiting
renal cell carcinoma
rare, almost all pts will also have a UTI and a stone (often staghorn calculus), hematuria is symptom, poor prognosis
adenocarcinoma
most common benign renal tumor made of tubular epithelial cells, patient asymptomatic and usually found incidentally, looks like a well defined hyperechoic mass with calcifications in the renal cortex
adenoma
what are the benign tumors of the kidney? ________, _______, _________, ________
adenoma, angiomyolipomas, lipoma, oncocytoma
if the kidney is displaced inferiorly then it usually means
adrenal tumor or neuroblastoma
composed of fat, muscle and blood vessels, seen in cortex, more common in women in their 40's-60's, more common on rt kid, multiple and bilateral masses are associated with tuberous sclerosis in children. normal lab values
angiomyolipoma
what is another term for renal hamartoma
angiomyolipoma
looks sonographically: focal , solid hyperechoic mass in the cortex, may have posterior enhancement . solitary = nonhereditary multiple= tuberous sclerosis
angiomyolipoma (AML)
clinically as many as 50% of pts with tuberous sclerosis will have _________
angiomyolipomas
renal mets are a common finding at ______
autopsy
which malignant tumor is the basket sign associated with
renal cell carcinoma
what are the two most common types of renal cancer
renal cell carcinoma(RCC) and transitional cell carcinoma (TCC)
an overgrowth disorder usually present at birth, characterized by an increased risk of childhood cancer and certain congenital feature.
beckwith-wiedemann syndrome
RCC by stage: MRI or CT better than US to stage 1- tumor confined within renal ________ 2- tumor invasion of __________ ______ still in gerotas fascia 3- tumor involvement of regional lymph nodes or venous structures (renal vein or IVC) 4- invasion of _______ ______ or distant mets
capsule, perinephric fat, adjacent organs
renal cell ca
what is this image of
renal cell carcinoma
what is this image of
what is another term for nephroblastoma
wilm's tumor
how do we differentiate or describe solid masses from normal cortical tissue
hypoechoic, heterogeneous, irregular
an echogenic mass that is made up of fat, more common in females, asymptomatic, can cause hematuria, well- defined echogenic mass, similar appearance to angiomyolipoma- well defined echogenic mass
lipoma
renal mets are primarily from: malignant _______, lymphoma, lung cancer, breast cancer, _______/colon cancer, cervix, ________
melanoma, stomach, pancreas
renal tumor
nephroblastoma
adrenal tumor
neuroblastoma
due to the close relation of the adrenal to the kidney it is possible to confuse nephroblastoma with a ___________
neuroblastoma
appear with a spokewheel pattern of enhancement, with central scar can vary,
oncocytoma
consists of large epithelial cells, originate from intercalated cells of renal collecting duct, older men, often mistaked for CA, can also occur in parapthyroid and thyroid gland, varying size, (avg 7 cm), asymptomatic then hematuria and pain, grow large more pain, prognosis after total or partial nephrectomy is excellent
oncocytoma
hemihypertrophy
one side of the body larger than the other
where abdominal organs protrude in a sac outside of the body cavity
oomphalocele
secondary process usually from retroperitoneum, bilateral invasion with multiple nodules, kidneys are a common place for mets from lymphoma, non-hodgkin's is more common than hodgkin's . appearance is non sspecific. usually hypoechoic, enlargement of kidneys, may be no definite mass identified, poorly defined margin, can appear cystic but will not have posterior enhancement
renal lymphoma
highly invasive tumor with a poor prognosis, rare, can be caused by chronic infections, irritation, stones and hematuria often a plapable kidney secondary to severe hydronephrosis, on US appears as a large mass in the renal pelvis, often obstruction from kidney stones
squamous cell carcinoma
a large stone that takes up renal pelvis and spreads appearing like horns- often from recurrent infection. often in women
staghorn calculus
what type of malignant renal tumor is this? mass in renal pelvis with low level echoes, not well defined, low vascularity, rarely calcifications, may invade adjacent renal tissue
transitional cell CA
these symptoms can occurs with _____ _____ ______: hematuria, weight loss, fatigue, fever, flank pain
transitional cell ca
the most common tumor of COLLECTING SYSTEM/RENAL PELVIS- frequently found in bladder, often multiple, men 2x more likely , in 70's , may be flat or papillary, most often seen as a hypoechoic mass within collecting system
transitional cell carcinoma
type of transitional cell carcinoma- rare, more common in men, typical location is lower 1/3rd of ureter, with symptoms of hematuria, dysuria, and pain, best seen with retrograde pyelography
transitional cell carcinoma of the ureter
a rare, multi-system genetic disease that causes benign tumors to grow in the brain and on other vital organs such as kidneys, heart, eyes, lungs and skin
tuberous sclerosis
what type of malignant tumor is this? usually unilateral, 90% have plapable ab mass, ab pain, fever, hematuria, hypertension, associated with beckwith - wiedemann syndrome, sporatic aniridia, oomphalocele and hemihypertrophy
wilm's tumor
what type of malignant tumor is this? on ultrasound, tumor may spread beyond renal capsule, invade venous channels or extend to IVC
wilms tumor
angiomyolipoma
what is this
angiomyolipoma (hamartoma)
what is this
oncocytoma
what is this
squamous cell ca
what is this
wilms
what is this
wilms tumor
what is this
renal lymphoma
what is this an image of
transitional cell ca
what is this an image of