Renal neoplasms

x-ray exam where fluid is injected into the ureter in a reverse fashion to look for filling defect

pyelography

benign renal tumors are ______ and most tumors are treated as ______ until proven otherwise

rare, malignant

no color in eye

sporatic aniridia

what are the malignant tumors of the kidneys

renal cell CA, transitional cell CA, Renal lymphoma, Nephroblastoma, squamous cell CA, adenocarcinoma

what type of malignant renal tumor is this? most common abdominal malignancy in children AND most common colid renal tumor in peds patients (1-8 y/o),

Nephroblastoma

the most common of all renal tumors, 2x as likely in MALES, usually ages 60-70, can be multiple, usually unilateral, increased incidence in patients with VON HIPPEL-LINDAU disease, tuberus sclerosis, and those on long term dialysis

Renal cell carcinoma

what type of malignant renal tumor is this? usually solid with areas of hemorrhage and necrosis, if less than 2-3 cm it is hyperechoic, may have vascular pseudocapsule on doppler and hypoechoic rim grayscale, the bigger, the more heterogeneous, can contain calcifications, hypervascular, renal vein or IVC thrombosis, RARELY cyctic and WILL NOT meet simple cyst criteria, WILL HAVE thick irregular walls, septations and calcification

Renal cell carcinoma

type of transitional cell carcinoma- majority of _______ tumors in adults, not usually detected until advanced, more common in men, symptoms of hematuria, dysuria, urinary frequency/urgency, could be primary to the bladder or mets from prostate, ut or colon cancers. Ultrasound very useful in detection- appears as a non-mobile wall mass or focal wall thickening

TCC of the bladder

these symptoms can occur with _____ _____ _____: Hematuria, palpable mass, flank or abdominal pain, can cause hypertension if tumor causes renal artery stenosis, . Can have these symptoms not specific to renal disease but can pertain to all types of cancer: weight loss, leg edema, nausea and vomiting

renal cell carcinoma

rare, almost all pts will also have a UTI and a stone (often staghorn calculus), hematuria is symptom, poor prognosis

adenocarcinoma

most common benign renal tumor made of tubular epithelial cells, patient asymptomatic and usually found incidentally, looks like a well defined hyperechoic mass with calcifications in the renal cortex

adenoma

what are the benign tumors of the kidney? ________, _______, _________, ________

adenoma, angiomyolipomas, lipoma, oncocytoma

if the kidney is displaced inferiorly then it usually means

adrenal tumor or neuroblastoma

composed of fat, muscle and blood vessels, seen in cortex, more common in women in their 40's-60's, more common on rt kid, multiple and bilateral masses are associated with tuberous sclerosis in children. normal lab values

angiomyolipoma

what is another term for renal hamartoma

angiomyolipoma

looks sonographically: focal , solid hyperechoic mass in the cortex, may have posterior enhancement . solitary = nonhereditary multiple= tuberous sclerosis

angiomyolipoma (AML)

clinically as many as 50% of pts with tuberous sclerosis will have _________

angiomyolipomas

renal mets are a common finding at ______

autopsy

which malignant tumor is the basket sign associated with

renal cell carcinoma

what are the two most common types of renal cancer

renal cell carcinoma(RCC) and transitional cell carcinoma (TCC)

an overgrowth disorder usually present at birth, characterized by an increased risk of childhood cancer and certain congenital feature.

beckwith-wiedemann syndrome

RCC by stage: MRI or CT better than US to stage 1- tumor confined within renal ________ 2- tumor invasion of __________ ______ still in gerotas fascia 3- tumor involvement of regional lymph nodes or venous structures (renal vein or IVC) 4- invasion of _______ ______ or distant mets

capsule, perinephric fat, adjacent organs

renal cell ca

what is this image of

renal cell carcinoma

what is this image of

what is another term for nephroblastoma

wilm's tumor

how do we differentiate or describe solid masses from normal cortical tissue

hypoechoic, heterogeneous, irregular

an echogenic mass that is made up of fat, more common in females, asymptomatic, can cause hematuria, well- defined echogenic mass, similar appearance to angiomyolipoma- well defined echogenic mass

lipoma

renal mets are primarily from: malignant _______, lymphoma, lung cancer, breast cancer, _______/colon cancer, cervix, ________

melanoma, stomach, pancreas

renal tumor

nephroblastoma

adrenal tumor

neuroblastoma

due to the close relation of the adrenal to the kidney it is possible to confuse nephroblastoma with a ___________

neuroblastoma

appear with a spokewheel pattern of enhancement, with central scar can vary,

oncocytoma

consists of large epithelial cells, originate from intercalated cells of renal collecting duct, older men, often mistaked for CA, can also occur in parapthyroid and thyroid gland, varying size, (avg 7 cm), asymptomatic then hematuria and pain, grow large more pain, prognosis after total or partial nephrectomy is excellent

oncocytoma

hemihypertrophy

one side of the body larger than the other

where abdominal organs protrude in a sac outside of the body cavity

oomphalocele

secondary process usually from retroperitoneum, bilateral invasion with multiple nodules, kidneys are a common place for mets from lymphoma, non-hodgkin's is more common than hodgkin's . appearance is non sspecific. usually hypoechoic, enlargement of kidneys, may be no definite mass identified, poorly defined margin, can appear cystic but will not have posterior enhancement

renal lymphoma

highly invasive tumor with a poor prognosis, rare, can be caused by chronic infections, irritation, stones and hematuria often a plapable kidney secondary to severe hydronephrosis, on US appears as a large mass in the renal pelvis, often obstruction from kidney stones

squamous cell carcinoma

a large stone that takes up renal pelvis and spreads appearing like horns- often from recurrent infection. often in women

staghorn calculus

what type of malignant renal tumor is this? mass in renal pelvis with low level echoes, not well defined, low vascularity, rarely calcifications, may invade adjacent renal tissue

transitional cell CA

these symptoms can occurs with _____ _____ ______: hematuria, weight loss, fatigue, fever, flank pain

transitional cell ca

the most common tumor of COLLECTING SYSTEM/RENAL PELVIS- frequently found in bladder, often multiple, men 2x more likely , in 70's , may be flat or papillary, most often seen as a hypoechoic mass within collecting system

transitional cell carcinoma

type of transitional cell carcinoma- rare, more common in men, typical location is lower 1/3rd of ureter, with symptoms of hematuria, dysuria, and pain, best seen with retrograde pyelography

transitional cell carcinoma of the ureter

a rare, multi-system genetic disease that causes benign tumors to grow in the brain and on other vital organs such as kidneys, heart, eyes, lungs and skin

tuberous sclerosis

what type of malignant tumor is this? usually unilateral, 90% have plapable ab mass, ab pain, fever, hematuria, hypertension, associated with beckwith - wiedemann syndrome, sporatic aniridia, oomphalocele and hemihypertrophy

wilm's tumor

what type of malignant tumor is this? on ultrasound, tumor may spread beyond renal capsule, invade venous channels or extend to IVC

wilms tumor

angiomyolipoma

what is this

angiomyolipoma (hamartoma)

what is this

oncocytoma

what is this

squamous cell ca

what is this

wilms

what is this

wilms tumor

what is this

renal lymphoma

what is this an image of

transitional cell ca

what is this an image of