Reproductive Disorders

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

(acute) inflammation of organs in the pelvic cavity; usually includes the fallopian tubes, ovaries, and endometrium; most often caused by bacteria

Follicular cyst

Fluid filled structure associated with low progesterone levels

Sx of PID

Low grade fever, pelvic pain, abdominal pain, bearing down backache, foul discharge, nausea, vomiting, abnormal bleeding, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, pelvic tenderness.

tx of dysmenorrhea

NSAIDs or acetaminophen may relieve mild discomfort. Addition of continuous heat to the abdomen in addition to NSAIDs decreases pain significantly. For severe pain, codeine or other stronger analgesics may be needed, and bed rest may be desirable. Occasionally, emergency treatment with parenteral medication is necessary. Analgesics may cause drowsiness at the dosages required.

AUB tx

NSAIDs, oral hormonal contraceptives, leveongestrel intrauterine device, ablation, hysterectomy

secondary dysmenorrhea

Painful menstruation related to pelvic pathology Can occur any time in the menstrual cycle

Tx of uterine prolapse

Proph -Kegel exercises, weight reduction Nonsurg -vaginal pessary Surg -hysterectomy; uterosacral or sacrospinous ligament fixation

Causes of vaginitis

STDs, overgrowth of normal flora, and irritation caused by low estrogen levels

Tx Bartholinitis

antibiotics

thelarche

beginning of breast development

abnormal uterine bleeding

bleeding in duration, volume, frequency, or regularity and present for 6 months

Vulvodynia

chronic vulvar pain

what happens to male reproduction system with aging

decreased erectile and ejaculatory function testes atrophy, decrease in weight, and soften

pelvic organ prolapse

descent of the uterus or bladder into the vagina

Sx of dysmenorrhea

diffuse pelvic pain with onset of menses

Benign ovarian cyst types

follicular cysts, corpus luteum cycts, dermoid cysts

ovarian cycle

follicular phase, luteal phase, menstruation

risk factors of rectocele

genetic and familial predisposition

Gonadarche

gonadal maturation

menopause

gradual ending of menstruation

Rectocele

hernia of the rectum into the vagina

polycystic ovary syndrome

hormonal disturbance characterized by lack of ovulation, amenorrhea, and infertility

adrenarche

increased production of androgens

Bartholinitis

inflammation of one or both ducts that lead from the vaginal opening to the bartholin glands

cervictits

inflammation of the cervix

mucopurulent cervicitis

inflammation of the cervix with exudate; almost always related to a chlamydial infection

Vaginits

inflammation of the vagina

permenopause

ovarian, uterine, systemic changes

Enterocele

pouching sac of peritoneum between the vagina and the rectum congenital or acquired

Spermatogenesis

production of sperm

Cystocele

protrusion of the bladder

Dysmenorrhea Primary

severe cramping pain related to excessive release of prostaglandins during endometrial shedding

spermatozoom

sperm cell

premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

syndrome involving physical and emotional symptoms occurring in the 10 days before menstruation

secondary amenorrhea

the absence of menstruation after a period of normal menses

anovulation

the absence of ovulation when it would be normally expected

Uterine prolapse

the condition in which the uterus slides from its normal position in the pelvic cavity and sags into the vagina

Primary amenorrhea

the failure to begin menstruating at puberty

menarche

the first menstrual period

anovulation is associated with

thyroid disorders, hyperprolactinoma, excessive stress, weight loss, polycystic ovary syndrome