Reproductive Disorders
pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
(acute) inflammation of organs in the pelvic cavity; usually includes the fallopian tubes, ovaries, and endometrium; most often caused by bacteria
Follicular cyst
Fluid filled structure associated with low progesterone levels
Sx of PID
Low grade fever, pelvic pain, abdominal pain, bearing down backache, foul discharge, nausea, vomiting, abnormal bleeding, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, pelvic tenderness.
tx of dysmenorrhea
NSAIDs or acetaminophen may relieve mild discomfort. Addition of continuous heat to the abdomen in addition to NSAIDs decreases pain significantly. For severe pain, codeine or other stronger analgesics may be needed, and bed rest may be desirable. Occasionally, emergency treatment with parenteral medication is necessary. Analgesics may cause drowsiness at the dosages required.
AUB tx
NSAIDs, oral hormonal contraceptives, leveongestrel intrauterine device, ablation, hysterectomy
secondary dysmenorrhea
Painful menstruation related to pelvic pathology Can occur any time in the menstrual cycle
Tx of uterine prolapse
Proph -Kegel exercises, weight reduction Nonsurg -vaginal pessary Surg -hysterectomy; uterosacral or sacrospinous ligament fixation
Causes of vaginitis
STDs, overgrowth of normal flora, and irritation caused by low estrogen levels
Tx Bartholinitis
antibiotics
thelarche
beginning of breast development
abnormal uterine bleeding
bleeding in duration, volume, frequency, or regularity and present for 6 months
Vulvodynia
chronic vulvar pain
what happens to male reproduction system with aging
decreased erectile and ejaculatory function testes atrophy, decrease in weight, and soften
pelvic organ prolapse
descent of the uterus or bladder into the vagina
Sx of dysmenorrhea
diffuse pelvic pain with onset of menses
Benign ovarian cyst types
follicular cysts, corpus luteum cycts, dermoid cysts
ovarian cycle
follicular phase, luteal phase, menstruation
risk factors of rectocele
genetic and familial predisposition
Gonadarche
gonadal maturation
menopause
gradual ending of menstruation
Rectocele
hernia of the rectum into the vagina
polycystic ovary syndrome
hormonal disturbance characterized by lack of ovulation, amenorrhea, and infertility
adrenarche
increased production of androgens
Bartholinitis
inflammation of one or both ducts that lead from the vaginal opening to the bartholin glands
cervictits
inflammation of the cervix
mucopurulent cervicitis
inflammation of the cervix with exudate; almost always related to a chlamydial infection
Vaginits
inflammation of the vagina
permenopause
ovarian, uterine, systemic changes
Enterocele
pouching sac of peritoneum between the vagina and the rectum congenital or acquired
Spermatogenesis
production of sperm
Cystocele
protrusion of the bladder
Dysmenorrhea Primary
severe cramping pain related to excessive release of prostaglandins during endometrial shedding
spermatozoom
sperm cell
premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
syndrome involving physical and emotional symptoms occurring in the 10 days before menstruation
secondary amenorrhea
the absence of menstruation after a period of normal menses
anovulation
the absence of ovulation when it would be normally expected
Uterine prolapse
the condition in which the uterus slides from its normal position in the pelvic cavity and sags into the vagina
Primary amenorrhea
the failure to begin menstruating at puberty
menarche
the first menstrual period
anovulation is associated with
thyroid disorders, hyperprolactinoma, excessive stress, weight loss, polycystic ovary syndrome
