Reproductive System Test Review

What are some of the functions of semen?

> Alkanlity of semen helps to neutralize the acidic environment of vagina. > Elements of semen enhance sperm motility

Describe the stages of ovarian follicle maturation.

> Primary follicle- contains immature oocyte > Graafian follicle- growing follicle with maturing oocyte > Ovulation- when the egg is mature and the follicle ruptures > Ruptured follicle is transformed into the corpus luteum

Describe the anatomy of the testes. Be sure to include the tunica albuginea, seminiferous tubules, lobule, septa. In which part of the testes are sperm produced?

> Tunica albuginea is the covering of the testes. It is a capsule that surrounds each testis. > Seminiferous tubule- tightly coiled structures where sperm are produced/ formed > Lobule- contains one to four seminiferous tubules > Septa- extensions of the capsule that extend into the testis and divide it into lobules.

What is a vasectomy?

Cutting of the ductus deferens at the level of the testes to prevent transportation of sperm

What is a gamete? What is the male gamete? What is the female gamete?

Gamete is a sex cell. Male gamete is the sperm. Female gamete is the ova (eggs)

What are the three parts to the duct system in males? Describe the function of each part.

Three parts are the epididymis, ductus deferens, and urethra. > Epididymis- mature and store sperm cells > Ductus deferens- carries sperm from epididymis to the ejaculatory duct > Urethra- carries both sperm and urine.

What are the three regions to the penis?

Shaft, glans penis, and prepuce (foreskin)

What does the spermatic cord enclose? How do sperm travel through the duct system?

Spermatic cord encloses ductus deferens, blood vessels, and nerves. Sperm travels through duct system by the ductus deferens (peristalsis).

What is spermatogenesis? When does it begin?

Spermatogenesis is the production of sperm cells. It begins at puberty and continues throughout life.

How does the scrotum help maintain a proper temperature for sperm formation? What is the proper temperature for sperm formation?

The scrotum maintains testes at the proper temperature. Proper temperature is 3 C lower than normal body temperature.

What are the three glands that contribute to the formation of semen? What do each of the glands produce? What purpose do the products of the glands serve?

The seminal vesicles, bulbourethral gland, and prostate gland contribute to formation of semen. > Seminal vesicles- produces a thick, yellowish secretion (60% of semen) with fructose, vitamin C, and prostaglandins > Bulbourethral gland- produces thick, clear mucus. Serves as a lubricant during sexual intercourse. > Prostate gland- secretes a milky fluid. Helps to activate sperm

Which structure is used to carry both sperm and urine?

Urethra

What produces testosterone? What are the four secondary sex characteristics for males?

Interstitial cells produce testosterone. Four secondary sex characteristics are deepening of voice, increased hair growth, enlargement of skeletal muscles, and thickening of bones.

What is ovulation? How frequently does it occur?

Ovulation is when the egg is mature and the follicle ruptures. It occurs every 28 days.

What are primary sex organs referred to as? What is the male primary sex organ? What is the female primary sex organ?

Primary sex organs are referred to as gonads. Male primary sex organ is the testes. Female primary sex organ is the ovaries.