Research methods exam 1 review

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A researcher predicts that there will be no significant relationship between attitude scores and grade point average. This is an example of what?

A research hypothesis

A thesis was submitted with the title "A study comparing the achievement of sixth-grade students in Moscow, Idaho, instructed in health education through closed-circuit television and regular classroom procedure for a period of 16 weeks." This title A. fails to identify the broad area of research B. is likely to be indexed improperly C. is too long D. does not tell what the study has done

C. is too long

Why is the null hypothesis important?

Eliminates potential bias

What is a type 2 error?

False negative, fail to reject the null even though it's false

What is a type 1 error?

False positive, reject the null when it's actually true

A researcher wishes to determine the effects of an outdoor adventure summer camp on the self-concept of inner-city boys. Boys are randomly assigned to the summer camp and to a control situation. The experimental treatment is for three months. A secondary purpose is to see if age (ages 6, 9, and 12) affects the relationship of the camp effects and self-concept. What is the independent variable? Dependent variable?

Independent: summer camp, control situation, age, gender Dependent: self concept

What is the IRB?

Institutional Review Board

When a researcher rejects H0 when H0 is false, she has made what type of error?

No error. The null is false, so it is to be rejected.

What is informed consent?

Permission granted with the knowledge of the possible risk and outcome of a procedure

What is empirical research?

Research based on information that can be verified by using our direct experience

What is basic research

Research done to increase knowledge

Well-designed sampling methods are most important for obtaining what type of results?

Valid results

The probability that a specific result will occur strictly as a result of chance is called what?

alpha

References to journal articles should include

author, date, article title, journal name, volume, inclusive pages, doi

Randomly assigned subjects to treatments or exposures are known as

between subjects

What is the only type of research that can manipulate and establish a cause and effect?

experimental

Findings are said to be statistically significant when there is a ______ probability that differences among treatment groups were caused by chance.

low

The introduction to a research report should

move from a general description of the theoretical problem to the specific area to be studied

p > .05 means

no significance

Recognizing that grade point average may not completely reflect success in school is an example of a

null hypothesis or limitation

Why is it desirable to carry out a pilot study prior to the actual research study?

permits a thorough check of the planned data collection and analysis procedures

What is a research hypothesis?

prediction of the outcome of a study

In which part of the methods section should you expect to find information about when the participants were tested

procedures

The part of the methods section of the research paper that describes the activities of each treatment group is titled

procedures

Researchers set small alpha levels because they want to avoid what type of errors?

rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true

What is applied research

research done to solve a specific problem

Which sources would make a good beginning point in literature search

secondary sources and literature reviews

What is a null hypothesis?

states that two variables are not related

What is internal validity

the degree to which data in a study reflect a true cause-effect relationship.

What is external validity?

the degree to which the investigator can extend or generalize a study's results to other subjects and situations.

What is plagiarism?

the practice of taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them off as one's own.

At the end of a well-written introduction, the reader should be able to predict what?

the problem or the purpose of study

When a person concludes that there is a difference between population means when she has actually observed an improbable difference between two sample means that come from identical populations, she has made what type of error?

type 1 error

Which of the following is most important to an evaluator: reliability objectivity, validity?

validity

In a study designed to assess the comparative effectiveness of two workbooks used in teaching students about laboratory procedures. What is the independent variable? Dependent variable?

workbooks, comparative effectiveness


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