Research Methods Exam 3

An abstract for a published paper is much longer than one for a dissertation, usually between 200 and 250 words

False

The independent variable in an analysis is the outcome

False

According to the text, the proposal should be written in

Future tense

A type of study that matches individuals with and without disease on factors such as age and ethnicity is the

case-control study

A study design uses, for example, two groups of people representing a disease-free population who are then classified as exercisers and nonexercisers. After a period of time, the mortality rates of each group are compared. This design is called a(n)

cohort study

In the journal format for theses and dissertations, the appendixes contain

an extended review of literature

In the results section of a research report, the author should include

Information contained in tables and information concerning statistical significance and meaningfulness

Which of the following statements about constructing tables is not true?

The table should include whatever test of significance was used

Measurements are frequently made and then averaged across several participants. To what degree of precision should the average be reported in a research paper?

To the precision with which it was measured

Tables and figures should be adapted from their paper version for use during a visual presentation. Paper versions typically contain too much information and are too small to read during visual presentations

True

The most frequent errors in oral research presentations are spending too much time on the methods and presenting the results poorly

True

The results section is the most important section because it presents the study's findings

True

Additional factors that can affect the relationship between physical activity and blood cholesterol, such as smoking, body fat, and so on, are called

confounding factors

In the journal format for theses and dissertations, the preliminary part

contains materials that are typically required by the institution and is left off when submitting the study for publication

A baseline in single subject research

establishes initial rates of behavior before an intervention

It is reasonable to expect volunteer participants to be similar in nature to

other volunteers from similar populations

Determinants of disease are often called

risk factors

The one characteristic of true experimental designs that pre-experimental and quasi-experimental designs do not have is

random assignment to groups

In comparison to the traditional chapter format, the body of a dissertation using the journal format is almost always

shorter

A researcher finds that the control group performs above its usual performance when compared with the experimental group. The effect is named the

Avis effect

Which of the following would be included in a grant proposal but not in a thesis proposal?

Curriculum vitae of the author

The internal validity of an experimental design is concerned with what question?

Did the independent variable really produce a change in the dependent variable?

Individuals performing well merely because they are being observed (and not necessarily because of any effect of treatment) are considered to be under the influence of

Hawthorne effect

Which of the following should be included in the discussion section of a research report?

Implications of the results

Which of the following terms is used in connection with intensity of exercise and refers to the ratio of metabolic rate during exercise to the rate while resting?

MET

A table of descriptive data should include which information for each group?

Mean, standard deviation, and number

Which of the following should not be included in the results section of a research report?

Raw data

Which of the following is not included in a proposal?

Tables of results

In a research study in which the treatment involved quite intense physical training, 40% of the participants in the treatment group dropped out as compared with 5% of the control group. This threat to internal validity is called

experimental mortality

A variable in an epidemiological study that is tested for its relationship with the outcome of interest

exposure

"To what populations, settings, treatment variables, and measurement variables can this effect be generalized?" might most appropriately be asked in relation to

external validity

Of the surveys frequently used for measuring physical activity in epidemiological research, the shortest is the

global questionnaire

The major weakness of epidemiological studies is

inability to experimentally establish cause and effect

Interviewers may become more skilled with practice, which could cause differences between the results of participants interviewed early in the study and those of participants interviewed later. This threat to internal validity is known as

instrumentation

In the alternative format for a thesis or dissertation, the body of the thesis or dissertation

is a paper in research journal format

Generally speaking, an oral presentation at a conference has

less detail than a poster

A double-blind experiment is one in which

neither the researcher nor the participants know which participants receive the experimental treatment

Prevalence of disease differs from incidence of disease in that prevalence refers to the number of

people who presently have a disease, whereas incidence relates to new cases

The lengths and contents of abstracts differ according to their intended use. The important parts of an abstract for a published research paper include the

problem, methods, results, discussion

The five-chapter format for theses and dissertations differs from the four-chapter model in that a separate chapter is devoted entirely to

the literature review