Research Methods Exam 3
An abstract for a published paper is much longer than one for a dissertation, usually between 200 and 250 words
False
The independent variable in an analysis is the outcome
False
According to the text, the proposal should be written in
Future tense
A type of study that matches individuals with and without disease on factors such as age and ethnicity is the
case-control study
A study design uses, for example, two groups of people representing a disease-free population who are then classified as exercisers and nonexercisers. After a period of time, the mortality rates of each group are compared. This design is called a(n)
cohort study
In the journal format for theses and dissertations, the appendixes contain
an extended review of literature
In the results section of a research report, the author should include
Information contained in tables and information concerning statistical significance and meaningfulness
Which of the following statements about constructing tables is not true?
The table should include whatever test of significance was used
Measurements are frequently made and then averaged across several participants. To what degree of precision should the average be reported in a research paper?
To the precision with which it was measured
Tables and figures should be adapted from their paper version for use during a visual presentation. Paper versions typically contain too much information and are too small to read during visual presentations
True
The most frequent errors in oral research presentations are spending too much time on the methods and presenting the results poorly
True
The results section is the most important section because it presents the study's findings
True
Additional factors that can affect the relationship between physical activity and blood cholesterol, such as smoking, body fat, and so on, are called
confounding factors
In the journal format for theses and dissertations, the preliminary part
contains materials that are typically required by the institution and is left off when submitting the study for publication
A baseline in single subject research
establishes initial rates of behavior before an intervention
It is reasonable to expect volunteer participants to be similar in nature to
other volunteers from similar populations
Determinants of disease are often called
risk factors
The one characteristic of true experimental designs that pre-experimental and quasi-experimental designs do not have is
random assignment to groups
In comparison to the traditional chapter format, the body of a dissertation using the journal format is almost always
shorter
A researcher finds that the control group performs above its usual performance when compared with the experimental group. The effect is named the
Avis effect
Which of the following would be included in a grant proposal but not in a thesis proposal?
Curriculum vitae of the author
The internal validity of an experimental design is concerned with what question?
Did the independent variable really produce a change in the dependent variable?
Individuals performing well merely because they are being observed (and not necessarily because of any effect of treatment) are considered to be under the influence of
Hawthorne effect
Which of the following should be included in the discussion section of a research report?
Implications of the results
Which of the following terms is used in connection with intensity of exercise and refers to the ratio of metabolic rate during exercise to the rate while resting?
MET
A table of descriptive data should include which information for each group?
Mean, standard deviation, and number
Which of the following should not be included in the results section of a research report?
Raw data
Which of the following is not included in a proposal?
Tables of results
In a research study in which the treatment involved quite intense physical training, 40% of the participants in the treatment group dropped out as compared with 5% of the control group. This threat to internal validity is called
experimental mortality
A variable in an epidemiological study that is tested for its relationship with the outcome of interest
exposure
"To what populations, settings, treatment variables, and measurement variables can this effect be generalized?" might most appropriately be asked in relation to
external validity
Of the surveys frequently used for measuring physical activity in epidemiological research, the shortest is the
global questionnaire
The major weakness of epidemiological studies is
inability to experimentally establish cause and effect
Interviewers may become more skilled with practice, which could cause differences between the results of participants interviewed early in the study and those of participants interviewed later. This threat to internal validity is known as
instrumentation
In the alternative format for a thesis or dissertation, the body of the thesis or dissertation
is a paper in research journal format
Generally speaking, an oral presentation at a conference has
less detail than a poster
A double-blind experiment is one in which
neither the researcher nor the participants know which participants receive the experimental treatment
Prevalence of disease differs from incidence of disease in that prevalence refers to the number of
people who presently have a disease, whereas incidence relates to new cases
The lengths and contents of abstracts differ according to their intended use. The important parts of an abstract for a published research paper include the
problem, methods, results, discussion
The five-chapter format for theses and dissertations differs from the four-chapter model in that a separate chapter is devoted entirely to
the literature review