Restorative Justice Final MC

We learn from the Quakers' development of the penitentiary that:

A good vision is only as effective as its outcomes

Which system model would allow for the decision of which process to use be made by the stakeholders?

Dual track model

Which of the following is NOT a strategic goal suggested by the authors for implementing restorative justice?

Ensure that every convicted offender is given opportunities for rehabilitation

Support for implementing restorative justice is most likely to be built within a particular advocacy group or political party.

False

According to the text, crime and injustice are moral problems at their root. Therefore:

There is an essential moral dichotomy between criminals and non-criminals

Why are many crime victim advocates cautious about restorative justice?

They fear that victims' interests will be subordinated by an overriding concern for offender rehabilitation

One of the most difficult challenges an ex-prisoner encounters is findng employment. Other common problems are:

all of the above

restitution requires the offender to recompense the victims, and it is typically made by:

all of the above

the effect of an apology is to make the wrongdoer ________ before the person wronged

powerless

According to Van Ness and Strong, the elements of reintegration are: safety, practical material help, moral, and spiritual care, and:

respect for dignity and worth

According to the text, if restitution is not feasible because of an offender's circumstances:

restitution should still be a sentencing policy, along with a commitment to find ways to make it more feasible

According to the text, the most immediate need for victims of crime is:

safety

According to the text, restitution is appropriate for who have suffered the most direct and specific injuries. The more indirect or general the injuries, the less likely it should be for a judge to order restitution.

true

Offenders have "paid their debt to society" but find they are still excluded from it.

true

The needs of victims and offenders are different but they often share at least one common problem: each is stigmatized and treated as an outcast.

true

The regimen inside prison walls produces an institutionalized mentality that can make even simple matters on the outside paralyzing to the ex-offender.

true

The stigma of victimization may have long-term, unexpected negative results in a victim's life.

true

One of the reasons crime victims give for becoming involved in restorative processes is to help "turn the offender around" in order to keep from becoming victims. Why is this?

victims do not want others to suffer the same fate they did

True justice requires that we ask:

- Who has been hurt? -What do they need? -Who has a stake in this situation?

One of the keys to successful implementation of restorative practices is to build support at various levels. What establishment is considered part of the core layer?

-Agency -Nonprofit organization -Legislative committee

In building support, what does Kay Pranis advocate

-Avoid becoming affiliated with a particular political or sectarian label -Put victims first -Find your natural allies

According to the text, in order to transform perspectives, we need to apply which of the following?

-Creativity in trying new things -Openness to learning to think differently -Looking outside our usual framework

What is a reason why there may be an imbalance of power between a victim and offender?

-Differences in gender -Differences in economic status -The history of the relationship (domestic violence)

What is/are a strategic goal(s) when implementing restorative practices?

-Give every victim and offender the opportunity to participate in an encounter program -Expect offenders to pay restitution and make it possible for them to do so -Let victims be parties in criminal cases, if they wish, in order to pursue restitution

Mark Umbreit and Marilyn Peterson Armour believe the following will increase the availability and acceptance of restorative justice in communities:

-Giving victims of all but the most serious violent crime the opportunity to choose a restorative justice response before going into the criminal justice system - Giving victims of all but the most serious violent crime the opportunity to choose a restorative justice response before going into the criminal justice system -Using restorative practices in school and workplace settings

In building support, what does Kay Pranis advocate?

-Avoid becoming affiliated with a particular political or sectarian label -Listen to those who disagree -Find your natural allies

A hallmark of restorative justice is transformation, not just reformation, of:

-People -Structures -Perspectives

According to the text, a hallmark of restorative justice is ongoing transformation of:

-Perspective -Structures -People

What occurs in a restorative intervention?

-The victim's safety will be protected -Offenders will not be threatened -The community's need for safety will be accommodated

What did philosopher Conrad Bunk argue?

That retribution and restoration are not polar opposites

What is a good feature of our traditional criminal justice system?

-It provides a police force, prosecutors, and prisons -It does not expect individual victims to prosecute and punish offenders -It aspires to overall fairness and consistency of punishment

What is/are factor(s) that insulate the justice system from the community

-Limited disclosure of information -Removal of emotion from the justice system -Intimidating physical surroundings

According to the text, the strengths of restorative justice begin with its more holistic view of crime. This includes recognizing the resulting harm and not just the law-breaking, as well as:

-Measuring success by the amount of damage that has been repaired, not by the amount of punishment imposed -Taking the needs of victims seriously -Expecting community participation in response to crime

There are several reasons for providing restorative processes in prison including:

-To help prisoners rebuild relationships with family and community members -To give prisoners ways to handle conflicts and problems within the prison -To help prisoners develop an awareness of and empathy for victims

Justice will not be served if we maintain our exclusive focus on the questions that drive our current justice system. What is/are these question(s)?

-What laws have been broken? -Who did it? -What do they deserve?

The authors suggest several essentials that would be present in any system that integrates restorative principles. These include safety as well as:

Consent

Howard Zehr likes to equate restorative justice with a:

Creek

According to the text, a system is either restorative or it isn't.

False

According to the text, restorative justice will be successful and grow more prevalent wherever its ideas have wide public appeal, which is the key to political support. a. True

False

According to Griffiths, Packer's adversarial models assumed disharmony and fundamentally irreconcilable interests amounting to a state of war. Griffiths proposed assuming "reconcilable—even mutually supportive—interests, a state of love" which he called the "family" model.

Fasle

Justice structures—even restorative justice structures—may have flaws that result in less justice for some. According to the text, this is inevitable and must be accepted.

Fasle

According to Kay Pranis, what is her first recommendation in building support?

Find your natural allies

In building support, it is typically best practice to:

Focus on values and vision, but be flexible on practice

Restorative justice developments are proceeding at a great rate all around the world, so, according to the text, it is important for advocates to learn from, collaborate with, and challenge each other as well as those who hold other visions and agendas.

True

Restorative justice processes are now used in virtually every phase of contemporary criminal justice, including use by police, prosecutors, and courts, as well as in probation, prison, and parole.

True

The UN Basic Principles on Restorative Justice protect the fundamental rights of victims and defendants without losing the strengths of informal approaches.

True

The authors suggest the most feasible way to incorporate restorative justice is to create a unitary system that addresses all crimes, victims, and offenders in a restorative manner without relying on contemporary criminal justice systems for anything.

True

Victim concerns and issues should be at the center of work for restorative justice.

True

In assessing restorativeness, the availability of restorative programs is only one indicator; according to the text, far more critical is:

Whether the programs are given priority in actual usage

According to the text, "meaningful work" in prisons has the following benefit:

all of the above

As laid out in the text, reintegration for victims focuses first on crisis intervention and help with trauma resulting from the crime and then on:

all of the above

Crime can create a spiritual or moral crisis for victims such as:

all of the above

How can offenders learn new behaviors?

all of the above

John Braithwaite suggests that for reintegration to take place, the relationship between the one reintegrated and teh reintegrating community must be characterized by:

all of the above

making genuine amends requires going beyond the basic demands of justice and equity. This is called:

all of the above

According to the text, an ongoing commitment to evaluation based on the principles and values of the restorative justice vision is critical for the following main reason:

build It s the research and experience base needed to verify restorative justice and keep it on track

One way to make amends is to change behavior, although this means to stop committing crimes, according to the text, genuine change in behavior is rooted in:

changed values

One way to make amends is to change behavior; although this means to stop committing crimes, according to the text, genuine change in behavior is rooted in:

changed values

Regarding what harms judges should consider in a restitution order, the American Bar Association Guidelines specifies that:

damages should be easily quantified and directly related to criminal conduct

Admission of guilt is the main thing that ensures an apology is genuine

false

Families, support groups, and faith communities all can play helpful roles, but reintegration is mostly a government-structured process.

false

According to the text, offenders must face honestly what they have done, accept accountability, and recognize the effects of their crime on others. However, the community may have some responsibility for:

fostering obstacles that hinder offender's reintegration

According to the text, reintegration means:

re-entry into commnity life as a whole, contributing, productive person

Both retributive and restorative theories of justice acknowledge a basic moral intuition that a ______________ has been thrown off by a ________________.

Balance, Wrongdoing

Griffiths contended that Packer's dual models (crime control and due process) really constituted just one model, which he called the:

Battle Model

How does restorative justice measure success?

By the amount of damage that has been repaired

What is the approach to creating safety?

The imposition of order by the government, and Creation of a peaceful community

Since one of the fundamental principles of restorative justice is that victims, offenders, and communities should have the opportunity for active involvement in the justice process as early and as fully as they wish, it is difficult to think of any system as restorative that does not fully exhibit the "cornerpost" value of:

Inclusion

One of the keys to successful implementation of restorative practices is to build support at various levels. Who makes up the first layer of support?

Staff, volunteers, oversight board members, and others in the core agency

What factor(s) insulate the justice system from the community?

The community's general mentality that the justice system and its agents should solve justice problems

What is one of the most important functions of the facilitator during an encounter?

To create a safe environment within which the parties meet

According to the text, communities rightly understand that justice problems should be solved by professionals in the justice system.

True

One prerequisite of a restorative system is that consent, not coercion, is required for participation in its programs and practices. In other words, it offers but does not compel participation, and the social controls it exerts interfere as little as possible with the restoration of the parties.

True