Revolutions

As the Jacobins gained power, what was their reactions to women's political activity?

They banned all women's political activity, which they believed to be disorderly and a distraction from women's proper domestic duties

How did Napoleon consolidate his rule?

He appealed both to disillusion revolutionaries and members of the old nobility and offered them high posts in the expanding centralized state

Louis XV damaged the sense of his sacred authority by

Allowing his common-born mistress to exercise tremendous influence culturally and politically

What was Napoleon's Grand Empire?

An enlarged France, a number of satellite kingdoms and the independent but allies states of Austria, Prussia, and russia

The National Assembly that ruled france from 1789 to 1791 passed laws that

Broadened women's right to seek divorce and inherit property

The Declaration of the RIghts of Man and the Citizen guaranteed

Equality before the law

The legal definition of the composition of the pre revolutionary third estate included

Everyone who was not a noble or member of the clergy

How did the reaction of kings and nobles in continental Europe toward the French Revolution change over the Revolution's first two years'?

Initially pleased by the Revolution's weakening of France, they came to feel threatened by its increasingly radical message

In the 1780's, over 50 percent of France's annual budget was expanded on

Interests payments on the debt

By July 1794, how had the central government in Paris managed to reassert control over the provinces and gain momentum against in the First Collation

It harnessed the explosive forces of a planned economy, revolutionary terror, and modern nationalism into a total war

Why was the Declaration of Independence so important to the American revolution?

It universalized the traditional rights of English people and made them the rights of all mankind

The men elected to represent the third estate at the Estates General were primarily

Lawyers and government officials

Who wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Man and A vindication of the Rights of Women, the latter a founding text of the feminists movement?

Mary Wollstonecraft

According to Olympe de Gouges

Men and woman should be equal in the eyes of the law

What occurred during the Hundred Days in France?

Napoleon returned from exile to rule France briefly

Who forced the king and the royal family to abandon Versailles and return to Paris?

Several thousand Parisian women

How did the concordat resolve the crisis over Catholicism in France in the Napoleonic era

The Catholic church gained the right to practice religion freely, while the French State gained greater control over the nominations of church officers and church activities

Why did the Directory continue French wars of conquest begun by early revolutionary governments?

The directory understood that big, victorious armies kept men employed

The attack on the Bastille has what political effect?

The king's plans to reassert his authority were forestalled, permitting the National Assembly to continue its work

The Abbe Sieyes considered the third estate

The true strength of the French nation

How did French armies during the French Revolution offer a mixed message to the people they conquered?

They presented themselves as liberators to the peasants and middle class but seemed more like foreign invaders as they requisitioned food and supplies and plundered local treasure

Why did the French commissioners in Saint- Domingue abolish slavery in 1793?

They were desperate to rally the rebel slaves to the French cause against the Spanish and English forces on the island

How did the delegates to the Legislative Assembly that convened in October 1791 differ from the delegates to the Estates General/National Assembly?

They were younger and less cautious; many joined political clubs

In the eighteenth century, many liberal thinkers believed that representatives institutions could defend the liberty and interests of the people. What did this mean in terms of political practice?

Voting for representatives would be restricted to men of property

What was the goal of the Committee of Public Safety?

To use dictatorial powers to respond to threats to France without and within

Why was France unable to manage its debt in the eighteenth century, even though the debt was much smaller, relative to its population, than the debt of either Great Britain or Holland?

France lacked a central bank and paper currency

In the wake of the Great Fear in the summer of 1789, the National Assembly restored order in

Abolishing all of the old noble and church privileges

Why did great britain seek to raise taxes on its American colonies in the 1760's?

After doubling its national debt in the Seven Years' War, Great Britain sought to tax the American colonies to fund the further defense of the colonies

How did America's Constitutional Convention of 1787 deal with the discord between pro- and anti- slavery delegates?

It compromised by stipulating that an enslaved person would count as ⅗ of a person for purposes of taxation and proportional representations in the House of Representatives

What was the economic effect of Napoleon's Continental System?

French artisans and the middle class suffered, for they were economically damaged by the blockade of Great Britain