Revolutions
As the Jacobins gained power, what was their reactions to women's political activity?
They banned all women's political activity, which they believed to be disorderly and a distraction from women's proper domestic duties
How did Napoleon consolidate his rule?
He appealed both to disillusion revolutionaries and members of the old nobility and offered them high posts in the expanding centralized state
Louis XV damaged the sense of his sacred authority by
Allowing his common-born mistress to exercise tremendous influence culturally and politically
What was Napoleon's Grand Empire?
An enlarged France, a number of satellite kingdoms and the independent but allies states of Austria, Prussia, and russia
The National Assembly that ruled france from 1789 to 1791 passed laws that
Broadened women's right to seek divorce and inherit property
The Declaration of the RIghts of Man and the Citizen guaranteed
Equality before the law
The legal definition of the composition of the pre revolutionary third estate included
Everyone who was not a noble or member of the clergy
How did the reaction of kings and nobles in continental Europe toward the French Revolution change over the Revolution's first two years'?
Initially pleased by the Revolution's weakening of France, they came to feel threatened by its increasingly radical message
In the 1780's, over 50 percent of France's annual budget was expanded on
Interests payments on the debt
By July 1794, how had the central government in Paris managed to reassert control over the provinces and gain momentum against in the First Collation
It harnessed the explosive forces of a planned economy, revolutionary terror, and modern nationalism into a total war
Why was the Declaration of Independence so important to the American revolution?
It universalized the traditional rights of English people and made them the rights of all mankind
The men elected to represent the third estate at the Estates General were primarily
Lawyers and government officials
Who wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Man and A vindication of the Rights of Women, the latter a founding text of the feminists movement?
Mary Wollstonecraft
According to Olympe de Gouges
Men and woman should be equal in the eyes of the law
What occurred during the Hundred Days in France?
Napoleon returned from exile to rule France briefly
Who forced the king and the royal family to abandon Versailles and return to Paris?
Several thousand Parisian women
How did the concordat resolve the crisis over Catholicism in France in the Napoleonic era
The Catholic church gained the right to practice religion freely, while the French State gained greater control over the nominations of church officers and church activities
Why did the Directory continue French wars of conquest begun by early revolutionary governments?
The directory understood that big, victorious armies kept men employed
The attack on the Bastille has what political effect?
The king's plans to reassert his authority were forestalled, permitting the National Assembly to continue its work
The Abbe Sieyes considered the third estate
The true strength of the French nation
How did French armies during the French Revolution offer a mixed message to the people they conquered?
They presented themselves as liberators to the peasants and middle class but seemed more like foreign invaders as they requisitioned food and supplies and plundered local treasure
Why did the French commissioners in Saint- Domingue abolish slavery in 1793?
They were desperate to rally the rebel slaves to the French cause against the Spanish and English forces on the island
How did the delegates to the Legislative Assembly that convened in October 1791 differ from the delegates to the Estates General/National Assembly?
They were younger and less cautious; many joined political clubs
In the eighteenth century, many liberal thinkers believed that representatives institutions could defend the liberty and interests of the people. What did this mean in terms of political practice?
Voting for representatives would be restricted to men of property
What was the goal of the Committee of Public Safety?
To use dictatorial powers to respond to threats to France without and within
Why was France unable to manage its debt in the eighteenth century, even though the debt was much smaller, relative to its population, than the debt of either Great Britain or Holland?
France lacked a central bank and paper currency
In the wake of the Great Fear in the summer of 1789, the National Assembly restored order in
Abolishing all of the old noble and church privileges
Why did great britain seek to raise taxes on its American colonies in the 1760's?
After doubling its national debt in the Seven Years' War, Great Britain sought to tax the American colonies to fund the further defense of the colonies
How did America's Constitutional Convention of 1787 deal with the discord between pro- and anti- slavery delegates?
It compromised by stipulating that an enslaved person would count as ⅗ of a person for purposes of taxation and proportional representations in the House of Representatives
What was the economic effect of Napoleon's Continental System?
French artisans and the middle class suffered, for they were economically damaged by the blockade of Great Britain