RN332 #2

A nurse is planning an in-service training session about nutrition. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching? A. "Fats provide energy." B. "Carbohydrates repair body tissue." C. "Fats regulate fluid balance." D. "Carbohydrates prevent interstitial edema."

A. "Fats provide energy." Fat serves as a stored energy source for the body, providing 9 cal/g of energy.

A nurse is teaching the parent of a school-age child who has celiac disease. Which of the following foods selected by the parent indicates an understanding of the teaching? A. Corn tortilla with black beans B. Pizza C. Canned soup D. Hot dogs

A. Corn tortilla with black beans Children who have celiac disease are placed on a gluten-free diet. Gluten is found in wheat, rye, and barley. Selecting products made from corn indicates an understanding of the teaching, as corn and beans are gluten-free foods.

A nurse is planning dietary teaching for a client who has diabetes mellitus. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take first? A. Obtain sample menus from the dietitian to give to the client B. Ask the client to identify the types of foods she prefers C. Identify the recommended range of the client's blood glucose level D. Discuss long-term complications that can result from non-adherence to the dietary plan

B. Ask the client to identify the types of foods she prefers The nurse should first ask the client about individual food preferences to provide an opportunity for the nurse to include these foods in her diet. Involving the client in the planning will promote her adherence to the dietary plan.

A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Administer 0.9% sodium chloride until TPN is available from the pharmacy B. Check the client's capillary blood glucose level every 4 hr C. Obtain the client's weight each week D. Change the IV tubing every 3 days

B. Check the client's capillary blood glucose level every 4 hr The nurse should check the client's capillary blood glucose level every 4 hours or according to facility policy due to the client's risk of hyperglycemia while receiving TPN. The dextrose concentration in TPN increases the risk of this complication.

A nurse is conducting dietary teaching with a client who has a history of renal calculi. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching? A. Consume foods containing vitamin C B. Drink 3.8 L (4 qt) of water throughout the day C. Suggest almonds as a snack D. Limit sodium intake to 3 g per day

B. Drink 3.8 L (4 qt) of water throughout the day The nurse should instruct the client to drink 3.8 L of water per day to keep urine diluted and decrease the risk of kidney stone formation.

A nurse is planning care for a client who is postoperative following a gastrectomy. Which of the following strategies should the nurse include to help prevent dumping syndrome? A. Have the client drink plenty of water with meals B. Eliminate simple sugars and sugar alcohols from the client's diet C. Limit the client's intake to 2 meals per day D. Offer the client meals that are low in protein or protein-free

B. Eliminate simple sugars and sugar alcohols from the client's diet Sugar, honey, and sugar alcohols (e.g. sorbitol and xylitol) increase hypertonicity and propel food through the intestines faster than food without sweeteners.

A nurse is teaching a client who has lactose intolerance about dietary modifications. Which of the following foods should the nurse recommend? A. Bread B. Soy cheese C. Luncheon meats D. Instant mashed potatoes

B. Soy cheese The nurse should recommend lactose-free food items like soy cheese, soy yogurt, almond milk, and lactose-free milk.

A nurse is talking with the parent of a preschool-aged child who tells the nurse, "My child has suddenly become disinterested in certain foods." Which of the following statements should the nurse make? A. "During this phase, feed your child anything that she will eat." B. "Increase the amount of calories and water your child consumes." C. "Keep a diary of the foods your child eats each day." D. "Provide a large variety of fruit juices for your child to choose from."

C. "Keep a diary of the foods your child eats each day." The nurse should encourage the parent to keep a diary of the foods the child eats throughout the day for 1 week. This can help the parent realize that the child may be eating better than expected. Evidence suggests that children can self-regulate their caloric intake. When they eat less at a meal, they can compensate by eating more at another meal or by having a snack.

A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has type 2 diabetes mellitus. The client states, "I eat pasta every day. I can't imagine giving it up." Which of the following responses should the nurse provide? A. "Let's discuss this with your doctor; giving up daily pasta may not be necessary." B. "Is there another favorite dish you can substitute?" C. "You don't have to give up pasta; just adjust the amount you eat." D. "You can use no-added-salt tomato products on your pasta."

C. "You don't have to give up pasta; just adjust the amount you eat." The American Diabetes Association recommends individualizing carbohydrate restriction for each client. A careful assessment of the client's usual dietary practices and modifications is an important part of teaching clients to manage this disorder.

A nurse is reviewing the dietary choices of a client who has chronic pancreatitis. Which of the following food items should the nurse suggest removing from the client's menu for the following day? A. White rice B. Broiled cod C. Ice cream D. Canned peaches

C. Ice cream Clients who have chronic pancreatitis should limit their fat intake to no more than 30% to 40% of total calories. Ice cream is high in fat, with 48 g of fat in a 1-cup serving of vanilla ice cream. The client should choose healthier fat-containing options to support a balanced diet, such as avocados and nuts.

A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving intermittent enteral feedings through an NG tube. The specific gravity of the client's urine is 1.035. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Deliver the formula at a slower rate B. Request a lower-fat formula C. Provide more water with feedings D. Instill a lactose-free formula

C. Provide more water with feedings The elevation in the client's specific gravity indicates dehydration. The nurse should provide more fluids either by adding free water to feedings or by instilling water between feedings. Another strategy is to request a formula that contains less protein.

A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving radiation therapy for breast cancer and reports a metallic taste in the mouth. Which of the following dietary recommendations should the nurse share with the client? A. Eat with metal utensils B. Limit coffee C. Avoid citrus foods D. Offer mints

D. Offer mints The nurse should encourage the client to suck on mints, which can overcome the metallic taste the client is experiencing as a result of the radiation therapy.

A nurse is planning an in-service training session for a group of nurses regarding the role of enzymes in digestion. Which of the following enzymes plays a role in the digestion of protein? A. Amylase B. Lipase C. Steapsin D. Pepsin

D. Pepsin Pepsin is an enzyme secreted by the gastric mucosa that breaks down protein into polypeptides. Other enzymes such as trypsin and aminopeptidase further break down the polypeptides into amino acids, which can be used by the body.

A nurse is caring for a client who has scurvy. Which of the following vitamin deficiencies should the nurse identify as the cause of this disease? A. Vitamin A B. Vitamin B3 C. Vitamin C D. Vitamin D

C. Vitamin C Vitamin C deficiency produces symptoms of scurvy such as delayed wound healing and capillary fragility.

A nurse is providing dietary teaching for a client with AIDS who has stomatitis of the mouth. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching? A. "You can suck on popsicles to numb your mouth." B. "Season food with spices instead of salt." C. "Avoid the use of a straw to drink liquids." D. "Eat foods at hot temperatures."

A. "You can suck on popsicles to numb your mouth." The nurse should instruct the client to suck on popsicles or ice chips, which can numb the mouth.

A nurse is teaching a group of clients about the functions of the liver and gallbladder. Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching as the purpose of bile? A. Digesting fats B. Producing chyme C. Stimulating gastric acid secretion D. Providing energy

A. Digesting fats Bile is a product of the liver and aids in the digestion of fats.

A nurse is caring for a client who has osteoporosis and a new prescription for calcium supplements. Which of the following foods should the nurse recommend to promote calcium absorption? A. Fortified milk B. Ripe bananas C. Steamed broccoli D. Green leafy vegetables

A. Fortified milk Fortified milk provides 2.45 mcg of vitamin D, which promotes calcium absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. Adults up to age 70 need 600 international units of vitamin D per day and 800 international units thereafter. Therefore, fortified milk is a good source of vitamin D.

A nurse is teaching a client with chronic kidney disease about predialysis dietary recommendations. The nurse should recommending restricting the intake of which of the following nutrients? A. Protein B. Carbohydrates C. Calcium D. Monounsaturated fats

A. Protein Dietary restrictions for clients who have chronic kidney disease vary based on the degree of kidney function; however, most clients need protein limitations. Predialysis protein restriction can help preserve some kidney function.

A nurse is presenting an in-service training session about nutrition. How many of the amino acids must be obtained from dietary intake? A. 6 B. 9 C. 11 D. 15

B. 9 Proteins are made up of chains of amino acids, which are composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. Nine amino acids are considered essential for the human body and must be obtained from diet. These include histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine.

A nurse is planning an in-service training session about nutrition. Which of the following pieces of information should the nurse include? A. Fat breaks down into amino acids. B. Protein serves as an energy source when other sources are inadequate. C. Glucose breaks down into ammonia. D. Carbohydrates provide 9 cal/g of energy.

B. Protein serves as an energy source when other sources are inadequate. Protein is used as an energy source for the body when carbohydrates and fat stores are unavailable or depleted.

A nurse is providing teaching about calcium intake to a client who is breastfeeding. Which of the following is the recommended daily calcium intake for a client who is breastfeeding? A. 800 mg B. 400 mg C. 1,000 mg D. 2,000 mg

C. 1,000 mg The nurse should instruct the client that 1,000 mg of calcium is recommended for women age 19 and older, as well as those who are lactating. This amount of calcium is sufficient to meet the needs of the client and the infant because additional calcium is absorbed from the intestines during this time.

A nurse is providing teaching to a client who is beginning a vegan diet and is concerned about maintaining adequate protein intake. Which of the following food servings should the nurse recommend as having the highest amount of protein? A. 1/2 cup tomato soup B. 1/2 cup of raw broccoli C. 2 tablespoons of peanut butter D. 1 cup penne pasta

C. 2 tablespoons of peanut butter The nurse should determine that peanut butter is the best food source to recommend because it contains 7.11 g of protein per 2 tablespoons.

A nurse is caring for a client who has a BMI of 29 and expresses a desire to lose weight. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first? A. Refer the client to a nutritionist B. Discuss eating strategies with the client C. Determine the client's intention to change current eating habits D. Instruct the client to perform 30 min of vigorous exercise daily

C. Determine the client's intention to change current eating habits When using the nursing process, the nurse should first assess the client's readiness to commit to a change in behavior.

A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has constipation. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? A. Use bismuth subsalicylate regularly B. Consume a low-fiber diet C. Eat yogurt with live cultures D. Use bisacodyl suppositories regularly

C. Eat yogurt with live cultures Yogurt with live bacterial cultures provides dietary probiotics that help maintain and promote bowel function.

A nurse is caring for a client who has xerostomia with a lack of saliva. Which of the following nutrients will be affected by the lack of salivary amylase? A. Fat B. Protein C. Starch D. Fiber

C. Starch Salivary amylase begins the process of digestion in the mouth with the initial breakdown of starches. The majority of starch breakdown occurs in the small intestine with pancreatic amylase.

A nurse is caring for a client who has a new diagnosis of pernicious anemia. The nurse should expect the client's provider to prescribe which of the following medications for this client? A. Ferrous sulfate B. Epoetin alfa C. Vitamin B12 D. Folic acid

C. Vitamin B12 The nurse should expect the client's provider to prescribe vitamin B12 for pernicious anemia.

A nurse is providing teaching about food choices to a client who has diabetes mellitus. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching? A. "I will need to eliminate sweet desserts from my diet." B. "I should avoid using sucralose in my coffee." C. "I should consume alcohol between meals in moderation." D. "I should replace white bread with whole-grain bread."

D. "I should replace white bread with whole-grain bread." Clients with diabetes mellitus have the same fiber requirements as the general population. Fiber content can be increased by substituting white bread, which is made with refined grains, with whole-grain bread, which retains the outer layer of the grain that is higher in fiber.

A nurse is planning care for a client who has AIDS and has developed stomatitis. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care? A. Rinse the mouth with chlorhexidine solution every 2 hr B. Limit fluid intake with meals C. Provide oral hygiene with a firm-bristled toothbrush after each meal D. Avoid salty foods

D. Avoid salty foods Stomatitis is an inflammation of the mucosa of the mouth, usually with ulcerations. Foods that are spicy, acidic, or salty should be avoided to prevent further irritation and damage to the oral mucosa.

A nurse is updating the plan of care for a client who has dumping syndrome. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? A. Consume beverages with meals B. Eat 3 large meals per day C. Include high-fiber foods in the diet D. Eat a source of protein with each meal

D. Eat a source of protein with each meal The nurse should include in the client's plan of care the instruction to eat a source of protein with each meal because protein delays gastric emptying.

A nurse is reviewing a client's 24 hr dietary recall. The client reports eating a slice of toasted white bread with butter, a banana, a glass of milk, and a cup of coffee for breakfast; grilled chicken, a baked potato, and a glass of milk for lunch; an apple and cheddar cheese for a snack; and 2 servings of chicken, 2 cups of steamed broccoli, and a glass of milk for dinner. This client's diet is deficient in which of the following food groups? A. Dairy B. Vegetables C. Fruits D. Grains

D. Grains This client only consumed 1 serving of grains on the day of the 24-hour dietary recall. USDA dietary guidelines recommend 3 or more ounce-equivalents of whole-grain products per day. Additionally, the choice of white bread is low in fiber, which can lead to constipation and an increased risk of developing hyperlipidemia. The USDA guidelines recommend that at least half of the grains consumed should be whole grain.

A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving radiation therapy for mouth cancer and reports a dry mouth. Which of the following dietary recommendations should the nurse provide? A. Offer graham crackers as a snack B. Avoid foods containing citrus C. Rinse the mouth with an alcohol-based mouthwash before eating D. Use gravies or sauces to soften food

D. Use gravies or sauces to soften food The nurse should instruct the client to use gravies or sauces to soften foods and make them easier to eat.