RST 255 Final Exam
Respect for persons is the foundation of human rights.
True
Servant leadership is accepted by members of many different cultures.
True
Task oriented conflicts can become dysfunctional if they last too long.
True
In _____________ cultures, leaders are honored as a special class of people.
High power distance
All of the following are true statements about servant leadership EXCEPT
It is only practiced in the United States
Explain the Principle of Veracity.
"The principle of veracity is a way to affirm our commitment to the truth." The truth should function as the moral standard. "Liars must assume the burden of truth if they want to violate this standard". Deception might be able to be justified by the liar but from the other person's perspective it isn't justified. There are certain circumstances accepted by society that are okay to lie, for example; unmarked police cars.
Why is concentration of power so dangerous?
A concentration of power is so dangerous because it can cause a "wide-range of unethical behavior".
Power distance is described as:
A term to describe acceptance of inequality between social classes
Dirk admits that he overreacted during the meeting. He is engaged in which conciliatory conflict management tactic?
Acceptance of responsibility
Which conflict style reflects a low concern for self and a high concern for others?
Accommodating
Responsible leaders:
Acknowledge and try to correct ethical problems Admit their duties to followers Hold themselves to the same standards as their followers
Any ethical apology begins with
Acknowledgement that an offense has occurred
Alan's team has trouble staying on task. What listening style should he employ with his group?
Action-oriented
Which is a true statement about aggressive behavior?
Aggressive behavior can have many forms. Aggressive behavior can be more indirect and more passive Aggressive behaviors are conscious actions that hurt or injury
The Categorical Imperative has been criticized for:
Arguing that universal principles apply in every situation
Which is a TRUE statement about dysfunctional conflict?
Avoidance may be a tactic with dysfunctional conflict, The conflict usually centers around the personalities of those involved, Strong negative emotions like sarcasm may be used
In the past, scholars and researchers did not include ________ as part of the moral decision-making process.
Emotion
Which is a true statement about Aristotelian ethics?
Build character through good habits
________________ describes the ability to identify and influence feelings in ourselves and others.
Emotional intelligence
_____________ serves as the foundation for moral rights.
Catergorical imperative
Admitting our duties to followers is key to meeting which ethical leadership challenge?
Challenge of responsibility
Which type of proactive influence tactic enlists the help and support of others?
Coalition
Although the research indicated otherwise, Matthew felt the company product could be of danger to its consumers. Because it had it in his power to do so, in an effort to prevent any further contamination in future sales, he pulled the product from the shelves. This is an example of which type of moral imagination?
Coercion
Which conflict style usually produces the best opportunity for agreement and usually proves to have successful results?
Collaboration
Diago is scheduled to get an award for his performance at work but is nervous that this honor will separate him from the rest of his group. Diago apparently puts a high value on
Collectivism
All of the following are characteristic of cosmopolitans EXCEPT:
Commitment to free trade
All of the following were identified as characteristics of servant leaders EXCEPT:
Commitment to the accumulation of personal power
Amy believes she can carry out the task assigned by her supervisor. This is which element of psychological empowerment?
Competence
If Heather likes to produce rapid results and prod her co-workers in the process, her conflict style might be considered:
Competing
Which is a true statement?
Conflict can promote personal and relational growth
Benevolent paternalistic leadership has much in common with
Confucianism Altruism Servant Leadership
Which of the following is true of benevolent paternalistic leadership?
Considerate behavior Care for employees outside of the workplace Make decisions for followers
_______________ leadership behavior serves both the organization and followers.
Constructive
Which type of listener is good at evaluating complex messages but can get bogged down in the details?
Content-oriented
Bob was struggling to make a decision. He had a ton of information that he had compiled from the team and he was feeling bogged down in the details. Which category of listener was he expressing?
Content-oriented listener
Transactional leaders rely on which two factors?
Contingent reward and management by exception
Most people are at what level of moral development?
Conventional
What is the FIRST step in keeping negative emotions from getting out of control during conflicts?
Cool down
Recognizing hot buttons is key to which phase of managing negative emotions during a conflict?
Cooling down
Jane always felt she had a larger world-view than her peers. She was always concerned about the needs of developing nations and she held deep empathy for people in need of global justice. Jane could be described as:
Cosmopolitan
________________ consider themselves to be citizens of the world
Cosmopolitans
Which type of moral imagination is needed when society doesn't recognize the issue and actors are powerless?
Creation
Refusing to lump people into categories reflects which psychological process of a mindful state?
Creation of new categories
All of the following are elements of mindfulness EXCEPT:
Data Analysis
Which of the following is a part of the definition of conflict?
Dependence on one another
Alan criticizes his secretary because he can't criticize his boss. This is an example of:
Displaced aggression
According to the principle of veracity, lying would be justified in which situation?
During a poker game, To trick a criminal suspect into a confession, To save a life
In this type of confirming response, one communicator accepts the feelings of the other as legitimate.
Endorsement
_____________ is viewing the world from our group's cultural point of view.
Ethnocentrism
______________________ is viewing the world from our cultural group's point of view, which makes our customs and values the standard by which the rest of the world is judged.
Ethnocentrism
Judging the truth of a message comes at which stage of the HURIER listening model?
Evaluating
This type of power is based on the characteristics of the individual.
Expert
Alex knows that he should have a gift for his Chinese business partner who will have a gift for him. Alex and his business partner are demonstrating which foundational moral value?
Fairness/reciprocity
According to the Categorical Imperative, acts can be judged as moral or immoral based on their consequences.
False
Aristotle lays out specific rules for making ethical decisions.
False
Copyright laws are more common in collectivist societies than in individualistic societies
False
Dialogue involves venting emotions.
False
In "quid pro quo" sexual harassment, victims claim that they have to work in hostile working conditions.
False
Servant leaders rely on positional power when making decisions.
False
Those who display a high level of moral reasoning are more likely use a compromise conflict style.
False
Transformational leaders avoid transactional leadership tactics.
False
Treating some followers better than others is a failure to meet the challenge of information management.
False
All of the following are elements of worldliness EXCEPT
Feeling pity for the less fortunate
Why should you practice ethical plualism?
Find a better solution to a dilemma
All of the following are part of unproductive conflicts EXCEPT
Focus on solving the problem
All of the following are true statements about Confucianism EXCEPT:
Forbids making a profit
Forgetting that we have violated moral rules is associated with which cognitive bias?
Forgiving our own unethical behavior
Which is a universal human right according to the UN Declaration of Human Rights?
Freedom of movement Freedom of religion Freedom to own property
Members of _______________ cultures are more likely to put money away in long-term savings plans.
Future orientation
Which set of global standards is based on corporate codes of conduct?
Global Business Standards Code
______________ is the Chinese practice of favoring those with social connections.
Guanxi
What does the "H" stand for in the HURIER model?
Hearing
When arguing for the importance of establishing Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs) for employees, Krystal cites a popular singer to support her argument. She has violated which standard of strong evidence?
High in expertise
Which virtue acknowledges the shortcomings of our own culture?
Humility
Moral ______________ describes the tendency of people to want to appear moral when acting immorally.
Hypocrisy
Which is a true statement?
Impression management can be abused if not used properly, Impression management can turn into manipulation, Careerists will use self-promotion to advance themselves at the expense of others.
Refusing to acknowledge a coworker when passing in the hall is an example of __________.
Incivility
Which is a personal cause of aggression?
Inflated self-esteem
What is the most important resource for empowerment?
Information
The forecasting team needed direction and decisions from their manager, Kathy. They were already 2 days overdue on the project deadline. Kathy didn't want to disappoint any of her colleagues and she was trying to people please all of her co-workers, even to the point of a late project. Which negative motivating factor did Kathy demonstrate?
Insecurity
Which type of bad leader only cares about her/his immediate followers?
Insular
What was the fundamental principle laid out by the Caux Principles for NGOs (nongovernmental organizations)?
Integrity
Which type of bad leader is unable to control his/her desires?
Intemperate
In this stage, the listener assigns meaning to the message:
Interpreting
Which is a criticism of empowerment?
Just a management fad, Misunderstanding of the term, Can exploit workers
Which ethical perspective emphasizes choices based on duty?
Kant's Categorical Imperative
All of the following are signs of a dysfunctional conflict EXCEPT:
Problem focus
Which Harvard psychologist developed moral stages which illustrated that individuals develop morally just as they would develop physically?
Lawrence Kohlberg
Stating: "According to the company code of ethics, you must not accept a gift over $25" is an example of which type of influence tactic?
Legitimating
According to the Principle of Veracity,
Liars must justify their lies
If Makena wanted to grow in her ethical sensitivity, a positive step would be:
Listen to others and how they handled their moral dilemmas, Look for an innovative way to respond to a scenario, Pay attention to her own feelings and emotions in a given scenario
___________________ leaders are particularly skilled at manipulating others for their own gain
Machiavellian
An ethical scandal leading to the loss of billions of dollars and the loss of thousands of jobs attracts the attention of the public for what reason?
Magnitude of consequences
A boss lying to a large group of employees about the true condition of the company is an example of
Major/intentional trust betrayal
Which is a true statement about organizational trust?
Makes an organization more productive, Those who trust put themselves in a vulnerable position, Imposes an obligation to protect the rights and interests of others
Elizabeth knows that she must control her anger if she is going to change her boss's mind about supplying more money for her project. To succeed she must demonstrate which emotional skill?
Managing emotions
Which of the following emotional skill sets is most difficult to use?
Managing emotions
What is the goal for utilitarianism?
Maximize the good effects or outcomes of decisions
Which of the following is a source of organizational conflict?
Procedures Values Roles
When a co-worker confronted Grady about the large discrepancy in the inventory list, he claimed, "The boss made me do it." This dissonance is an example of:
Moral disengagement
Susan is strongly against siblings marrying one another but cannot explain why she feels the way she does. Susan's response is an example of
Moral dumbfounding
____________ refers to a cultural community's freedom or latitude to create its own rules.
Moral free space
In _______________, organizational members step outside their current frame of reference to assess and evaluate.
Moral imagination
We are more likely to recognize a moral or ethical dilemma based on its ______________.
Moral intensity
Perspective taking skills play an important role in which component of ethical behavior?
Moral sensitivity (recognition)
All of the following are true statements about impression management EXCEPT:
Most often serves unethical objectives
Which type of selfish leader loves being the center of attention?
Narcissistic
Sam is angry about the wide gap between the wealthy and the poor in society. He is demonstrating which type of moral emotion?
Other condeming
Helene sits in her office and rarely interacts with her staff or provides direction. She is demonstrating which leadership dimension?
Passive-avoidant
___________ listeners put a priority on maintaining relationships.
People-centered
Jue is a concerned listener who is skilled at building relationships. Unfortunately, he has a tendency to overlook the faults of others. He reflects which listening style?
People-oriented
Ethical _________________ means applying multiple ethical approaches to solve the same problem.
Pluralism
What is a negative outcome of leaders having too much power?
Possible corruption
All of the following are reasons for the abuse of power EXCEPT:
Powerful people are more likely to rely on personal power bases
We are more likely to take notice of ethical issues when they involve people who are close to us. This is referred to as:
Proximity
All of the following are associated with servant leadership EXCEPT:
Public speaking
Modest dress is emphasized in many Middle Eastern cultures. This reflects which foundational moral value?
Purity/sanctity
Treating the other person with respect is which type of confirming response?
Recognition
All of the following are forms of hard power EXCEPT:
Referent
___________ power rests on the admiration one individual has for another.
Referent
Employees at the ABC Corporation honor promises to suppliers, even if they don't have a written contract. This reflects which principle of the Global Business Standards Codex?
Reliability principle
Offering to repair the damage takes place in which element of an effective apology?
Reparations
What is good advice for increasing your moral motivation?
Reward yourself for doing the right thing, Act on our moral emotions, Seek out organizations that reward ethical behaviors
_________ and ____________ play an important role in following through on ethical choices?
Rewards, emotions
What is NOT a key element of Confucianism?
Risk
The two most important causes of organizational lying are:
Self-interest and role conflict
Being aware of the emotions of the other party is critical in which stage of the Principled Negotiation Model?
Separate the people from the problem
People knew Ricardo cared deeply for them. He was known for putting other's needs above his own, even if it came at a cost. Ricardo's leadership style might best be described as:
Servant leadership
According to ___________________ theory, followers emulate the ethics of their leaders.
Social Learning
Which theory helps explain why and how organizational leaders exert so much influence over the ethical behavior of followers?
Social learning theory
In Kohlberg's stages of moral development, a child obeys the rules of the house in order to avoid a punishment. This is an example of which stage in Kohlberg's moral development theory?
Stage 1
Which type of destructive leadership behavior benefits subordinates at the expense of the organization?
Supportive-disloyal behavior
You can expect to spend most of your time in an organization sending which type of messages?
Technical dialogue
Juanita sets limits on how much her employees use work computers for personal business. However, she does not completely ban personal use. She is following which ethical principle?
The Golden Mean
Outline the steps for restoring trust that has been broken.
The first step is observing and acknowledging what has happened. This is the time where you think about how you are feeling as a result of what happened. The second step is to allow these feelings to surface and work through them. Third is to get support from your friends and your family. The fourth step is to reframe the experience. Think about what you can learn from it. Fifth, take responsibility and think about whether you played a role in what happened. Sixth, forgive yourself and others. Seventh, let go and move on.
Organizations in collectivist societies are more likely to hire based on family connections and friendships.
True
What might be a behavior of a person who holds too much power?
They may quickly dismiss proper "checks and balances" for their position, The person may attack another position who poses a threat to their position, Subordinates needs are ignored and subordinates are only seen as a means to an end.
Which is a TRUE statement about toxic leadership?
Toxic leaders can exist in every field of business and leadership Toxic leaders have dysfunctional characteristics that can greatly affect employees and organizations Toxic leaders behave in destructive behaviors
Stefanie had a way of empowering her staff. If a problem arose, Stefanie dealt with the issue head on while also inspiring those around her. Stephanie is an example of a:
Transformational leader
The ABC Corporation routinely releases information about its operations in all of its host countries. The company is fulfilling which principle of the Global Business Standards Codex?
Transparency principle
A boss bullying an employee is violating which ethical principle?
Treating humanity as an end
According to the Caux principles, nonprofits (NGOs) have to be MOST concerned about integrity.
True
Action-oriented listeners focus on the task at hand.
True
Constructive leadership behavior is much more common than destructive leadership behavior.
True
Followers can become too dependent on their transformational leaders.
True
Impulsive, selfish people are often identified as leaders by others.
True
In focusing on what's best for the group as a whole, Utilitarianism discounts the worth of the individual.
True
The least effective leaders are passive-avoidant.
True
The self-reflexive person can step back from her/his culture to offer constructive criticism
True
The term "eudemonia" can be translated as "flourishing."
True
Trust repair requires the active involvement of both the violator and violated.
True
Unproductive conflicts are marked by escalation and avoidance.
True
Kim always sought to foster a work environment of openness and collaboration. This type of leadership had a positive effect on the team because they saw that Kim sought to build
Trust
__________________ believes every human has inherent dignity and has human rights.
UN Declaration of Human Rights
Which is a true statement about the role of emotion in moral decision-making?
Use both cognition and emotion
Which ethical perspective argues that decisions should be based on what does the most good for the greatest number of people?
Utilitarianism
Spreading malicious rumors or gossip about a supervisor is an example of which type of aggressive behavior?
Verbal-active-indirect
Positive politics is referred to as:
When power is meant to serve others and not be self-centered
In authentic leadership, _______________ describes the process of remaining objective when receiving information.
balanced processing
Practicing _____________________ means going along with local ethical rules and customs.
ethical relativism
The _________________ describes choosing the moral middle ground between extremes.
golden mean
Coercive, reward and legitimate power are all based on organizational _____________.
position
