Russian Revolution

****NEP (New Economic Policy)

Created by Lenin

****Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

Created by Lenin that got Russia our of WWI but they had to give up lots of land

****Stalin

Dictator over Soviet Union, wanted socialist economy although it appeared to be communistic

**** Trotsky

Second in command after Lenin, led Red Army with Lenin, Went up against Stalin to "rule" Soviet Union

****Rasputin

Self proclaimed "holy man" that aided Csarina Alexandra with running Russia when czar Nicholas II went to the front to make his patriotic attempt at helping the war efforts. Rasputin was thought to perform miracles like when he "cured" Czarina Alexandra's son from hemopholia

Great Purge

The widespread arrests and executions of over a million people by Josef Stalin between 1936 and 1938. Stalin was attempting to eliminate all opposition to his rule of the Soviet Union.

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

treaty in which Russia lost substantial territory to the Germans. This ended Russian participation in the war.

**** Reds and Whites

Civil War "sides" - Reds led by Lenin and Trotsky, Whites - supporters of the czar Reds win

**** Karl Marx

"Founder of Socialism" which Lenin read about and tried to "enforce" in Russia Socialism, according to Marx, was about the WORKERS (Proletariat)

Czar Nicholas II

(1868-1918) Czar of Russia (1894-1917). He was overthrown during the Russian Revolution of 1917. Later, he and his family were killed by the revolution's leadership,Last czar of Russia.

Class Structure Russia

1.Czar 2.Nobels 3.Clergy 4.Military 5.intellectuals 6.Peasents

Karl Marx

1818-1883. 19th century philosopher, political economist, sociologist, humanist, political theorist, and revolutionary. Often recognized as the father of communism. Analysis of history led to his belief that communism would replace capitalism as it replaced feudalism. Believed in a classless society.

Bloody Sunday

1905, peaceful protest to czar Nicholas II palace, led by Father Gapon, fired on by palace guards, 100s died.

Clergy

1st Estate

czar

A Russian emperor

Trotsky

A brilliant strategist who served as commander of the victorious Reds in the civil war and Lenin's advisor until Lenin's death. He was very persuasive and had charisma; he was very good at propaganda. He fought Stalin for the head job after Lenin's death in 1924, but lost.

****Deomocracy

A government controlled by its citizens Examples: Direct - you vote yourself. Representative - you elect someone to make a choice for you (like the US Congress

Bolsheviks

A group of revolutionary Russian Marxists who took control of Russia's government in November 1917, A party of revolutionary Marxists, led by Vladimir Lenin, who seized power in Russia in 1917.

****Vladimir Lenin

A radical Russian revolutionary, Lenin worked against the Provisional Government that had overthrown the tsarist regime. He led the October Revolution, created the New Economic Policy, knew complete socialism wouldn't work so he supported some capitalistic thinking, he was NOT a dictator

Provisional government

A temporary government created by the Duma after the abdication of the czar; it made the decision to remain in World War One, costing it the support of the soviets and the people.

Command economy

An economic system in which the government controls a country's economy.

March Revolution

As a result of this revolution the Romanov dynasty was removed from power after 300 years of autocratic rule and replaced with the provisional government led by Alexander Kerenski.

Joseph Stalin

Bolshevik revolutionary, head of the Soviet Communists after 1924, and dictator of the Soviet Union from 1928 to 1953. He led the Soviet Union with an iron fist, using Five-Year Plans to increase industrial production and terror to crush opposition.

November Revolution/Bolsheviks Revolution

By November 1917 the Provisional Government was in complete collapse. In the meantime, the Bolshevik party, helped by German money, had built up an efficient party organisation, a brilliant propaganda machine, and a powerful private army (the Red Guards).

Social Realism

Emphasizes influence of social and economic conditions of an era on characters, events, and social institutions.

Vladimir Lenin

Founder of the Russian Communist Party, this man led the November Revolution in 1917 which established a revolutionary soviet government based on a union of workers, peasants, and soldiers.

****Socialism

Government owns all business/factors of economy & they distribute all of the resources equally Key Characteristics: Everything is equal - no social classes, Poor quality of goods because there is no drive for improvement Extreme Socialism is Communism, but there is no true Communism in history

****Be able to rate the following individuals in terms of their political and economic views: Czar Nicholas II, Lenin, and Stalin.

Know leadership style of each of these leaders

****Czar Nicholas II

Last Czar of Russia, wanted ALL power of Russia, led Russia to poor conditions with resulted in a revoution, he went to the front to make it look like he cared and could help Russia, family killed because they were afraid they would come to rise again, when the Czar's was abdication (ovrthrown) of the throne it led to a "provisional government" being created

NEP (New Economic Policy)

Lenin's economic policy to help the Soviet Union recover from WWI, and the Russian Revolution, Government controls major business/industry while allowing small business to operate.

Proletariat

Marx's term for the exploited class, the mass of workers who do not own the means of production.

****Autocracy

One ruler has ultimate/unlimited power (makes all the rules) Examples: Absolute Monarch - King/Queen (King & Queen can be a Czar) that has ultimate control (Pwr is passed down in family thru males). Dictator - Ruler who was elected or took control & now controls everything

****Duma

Parliment set up by czar to help bring a sense of DEMOCRACY to Russia

****Capitalism

Private ownership - goal is to make a profit Key Characteristics - Inequality leads to social classes.This leads to better products from competition

****Bolsheviks/Communists

Radical Revolutionaries led by Lenin, supported the "Reds" in the Civil War in Russia, seized control of the government in Russia (October 1917) and became the dominant political power. Immediately after the October Revolution, the Bolsheviks refused to share power with other revolutionary groups.They changed their name to Russian Communist Party (of Bolsheviks) in March 1918; to All-Union Communist Party (of Bolsheviks) in December 1925; and to Communist Party of the Soviet Union in October 1952.

****Describe the events that led to, and occurred during, the Russian Revolution.

Refer to timeline

****Explain Russia's role in WWI and how that contributed to problems at home.

Refer to timeline

Kulaks

Rich peasants in the Russian Empire who owned larger farms and used hired labour. They were their own class.

Rasputin

Russian peasant monk who was able to influence Russian politics by gaining the confidence of the Czarina.

*** Great Purge

Stalin & Secret Police "cracked down" or "purged" (got arid of) on old Bolsheviks or party activists from early Revolution days. When Stalin/Secret Police arrested Bolsh or activists they were tried unfairly, imprisoned, sent to concentration camps, and even killed

Five Year Plan

Stalin's economic policy to rebuild the Soviet economy after WWI. tried to improve heavy industry and improve farm output, but resulted in famine.

Reds & Whites

The Red Army founded by Trotsky fought against the counterrevolutionaries (landowners and middle-class) which were referred to as the "Whites"- the whites had the support of the Allied forces.

*****Explain the tools and tactics that Joseph Stalin used to control Russia.

The Secret Police, The Great Purge, Propaganda, Social Realism, Russification, Religious Persecution

Duma

The elected parliament. Though through establishing this is seemed like the Czar was giving his people power, in reality he could easily get rid of this if they made any laws or such that he didn't like.

****Marxism

The movement led by Karl Marx that supported soicalism - which was centered around workers (Proletariat)

*** Social Realism

To show Soviet life in a positive light and to promote hope for the future of the Soviet Union. Done by Stalin to try to create a false hope and brainwash ppl

*****Provisional Government

Was set up because there were concerns for the peasants - like them not being able to have land, Russia continued to run low on essential goods and this angered the people, and Russia remained in WWI.

****Collective Farming

Wealthy farmers who were thought to be the source of resistance when Stalin enforced Collective Farming.

****Proletariat

Workers

Collective farm

a farm or group of farms run by the government, as in a communist state.

Peasents

a small farm owner or farm worker.

USSR/Soviet Union

name of Russia after Reds(Bolsheviks) won mini war against Whites; led by Joseph Stalin.

Nobels

people from rich and powerful families