Safety Final Orgo I Lab

overhead "snorkels" are used for

"local ventilation" where 100% capture is not required

what percent of SDSs have incorrect information in them?

11%

"chemical profiles" can be found in

Prudent Practices, NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemicals, AND Journal of Chemical Education

printed resources available for free online

Prudent Practices, Safety in Academic Chemistry Laboratories, NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemicals, NFPA Standards (NOT Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards)

vertical sashes should be closed except when

access to equipment inside the hood is necessary

the green chemistry goal of designing chemicals with "little or no toxicity" is difficult because

all chemicals are toxic at a high enough dose AND TCSA does not require companies to asses chemical toxicity (= not much is known regarding toxicity of many chemicals)

fire alarms should be pulled

anytime that it is prudent to evacuate a building, fire or not

using catalysts is green because

catalysts allow reactions to run under less energy-intensive conditions

GHS labels use

chemical pictograms, signal words, and hazard statements

section 10 on stability and reactivity contains info useful to

chemists in research labs, chem students, AND emergency responders

the GHS of categorizing chemicals is

complicated and uses inconsistent rating systems for various hazards

SDS recommendations about safety procedures, medical treatment, and chemical disposal are

designed more for industrial workplace circumstances more than research labs AND sometimes too broad in nature to be of much use

selecting the correct glove to use in protection against a specific chemical is

easy because of the several databases detailing glove characteristics available free online

this info is not in Section 2: Hazards Identification

environmental hazards

which materials from the spill kit should be disposed of after use?

everything that was potentially contaminated in the cleanup process

if a fire starts near you in the lab, you should

extinguish the fire with a fire extinguisher if you are trained to do so and can do this safely

these chemicals are considered unsafe with regard to dermal exposure

formaldehyde, NaOH pellets, phenol

in orgo and advanced labs

glove material should be selected carefully based on the chemical of use

thermally-insulating gloves should be used when

handling hot or cold objects

in the event of a terrorist attack in a science building, you should

hide in a safe location and follow the directions of emergency personnel

green features of chemical synthesis

high yield (approaching 100%), use of less toxic reagents, production of less toxic coproducts and byproducts

most reliable info about hazards of a chemical can be found

in reviewed printed or online materials

the best response to a chemical spill

involves quick recognition of size and nature of the spill AND involves people who know how to properly clean up spill

horizontal sashes are useful in situations in which

it is desirable to have access to some material while still protecting the face and body

section 7 on handling and storage is mostly written for

lab managers and stockroom personnel

the category of glove material that provides the best protection against the widest range of chemicals

laminates

sustainability means

meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

good features of a chemical hood include

movable front shield/sash, adjustable panels (baffles) at the back of the hood, AND an exhaust motor located outside the building

info in section 1: chemical product and company identification includes

name of chemical, CAS number, synonyms and other names used for the chemical, company name + emergency contact number

section 13 on disposable considerations is usually

not very specific

in intro chem labs, most emergencies involving fires or spills are not likely to be major events because

only small quantities of chemicals are used

main reasons orgo is a target for green chemistry

organic solvents are often flammable and toxic

main categories of GHS hazards

physical, health, environmental

most splash goggles do NOT

protect against UV radiation OR filter out most of the damaging visible light from lasers

the two categories of materials that require special engineering for chemical hoods

radioactive elements AND perchloric acid

bad agent for absorbing an organic solvent spill

sand

reasonable "turnover rate" in a chem lab is

six "room volumes" per hour

green approach to replacing organic solvents

solventless reactions, supercritical CO2, using water, NOT using the least expensive organic solvent

with proper turnover rate for room air

some of the air will be exchanging frequently enough, but some areas of the lab will not undergo adequate air mixing

greenest solvent

supercritical CO2

GHS

system for classifying and labelling hazardous chemicals so that all countries classify and label chemicals the same way, initially designed in 1992, adopted by the UN in 2003, allows participating countries to sell and buy chemicals across borders (bc all labeled safely and the same way)

If, during an emergency, you cannot find your lab partner outside, you should

tell an emergency responder that you believe someone may still be in the building

intro and advanced labs are the same in safety in that

the chance of spills/splashes are the same (students are not necessarily more skilled), similar levels of hazardous chemicals are used (need for protecting skin is maintained), lab experiments are not necessarily safer because they are not monitored at diff intensities

if the "make-up" that comes into the laboratory "smells like chemicals" this means that

the intake ducts (usually on the roof of the building) are located downwind of the exhaust hoods

face shields should be worn when

the level of risk to the face and neck is higher than normal

safety shields are used when

there is some higher probability of an explosion

heavy duty gloves are usually

thicker, longer, and provide poorer dexterity

learning to be safe in the lab is best accomplished by

thinking about the hazards and risks associated with experiments

the info in section 4 on first aid measures is mostly

useful for medically and non-medically trained persons

green options in an experiment

using catalysts (reduce energy consumption), reducing number of steps in a multi-step synthesis, maximizing yield, NOT running reaction on a smaller scale

an anemometer measures

velocity of airflow

section 8 on exposure controls and personal protective equipment is

written more for industrial vs research labs, often contains very general info that is not very helpful, AND contains exposure limits information

when pulling a fire alarm

you should also call 911 after exiting the building

which chemicals are hazardous?

ALL chemicals are hazardous

SDSs are required by

OSHA Hazard Communication Standard

GHS uses

MSDS-like documents, labels, 29 pictograms understood internationally

air that is exhausted from a chemical hood is

NOT recirculated into anywhere in the building

chemical that is a bad neutralizing agent for an acid spill

NaOH