Safety Final Orgo I Lab
overhead "snorkels" are used for
"local ventilation" where 100% capture is not required
what percent of SDSs have incorrect information in them?
11%
"chemical profiles" can be found in
Prudent Practices, NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemicals, AND Journal of Chemical Education
printed resources available for free online
Prudent Practices, Safety in Academic Chemistry Laboratories, NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemicals, NFPA Standards (NOT Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards)
vertical sashes should be closed except when
access to equipment inside the hood is necessary
the green chemistry goal of designing chemicals with "little or no toxicity" is difficult because
all chemicals are toxic at a high enough dose AND TCSA does not require companies to asses chemical toxicity (= not much is known regarding toxicity of many chemicals)
fire alarms should be pulled
anytime that it is prudent to evacuate a building, fire or not
using catalysts is green because
catalysts allow reactions to run under less energy-intensive conditions
GHS labels use
chemical pictograms, signal words, and hazard statements
section 10 on stability and reactivity contains info useful to
chemists in research labs, chem students, AND emergency responders
the GHS of categorizing chemicals is
complicated and uses inconsistent rating systems for various hazards
SDS recommendations about safety procedures, medical treatment, and chemical disposal are
designed more for industrial workplace circumstances more than research labs AND sometimes too broad in nature to be of much use
selecting the correct glove to use in protection against a specific chemical is
easy because of the several databases detailing glove characteristics available free online
this info is not in Section 2: Hazards Identification
environmental hazards
which materials from the spill kit should be disposed of after use?
everything that was potentially contaminated in the cleanup process
if a fire starts near you in the lab, you should
extinguish the fire with a fire extinguisher if you are trained to do so and can do this safely
these chemicals are considered unsafe with regard to dermal exposure
formaldehyde, NaOH pellets, phenol
in orgo and advanced labs
glove material should be selected carefully based on the chemical of use
thermally-insulating gloves should be used when
handling hot or cold objects
in the event of a terrorist attack in a science building, you should
hide in a safe location and follow the directions of emergency personnel
green features of chemical synthesis
high yield (approaching 100%), use of less toxic reagents, production of less toxic coproducts and byproducts
most reliable info about hazards of a chemical can be found
in reviewed printed or online materials
the best response to a chemical spill
involves quick recognition of size and nature of the spill AND involves people who know how to properly clean up spill
horizontal sashes are useful in situations in which
it is desirable to have access to some material while still protecting the face and body
section 7 on handling and storage is mostly written for
lab managers and stockroom personnel
the category of glove material that provides the best protection against the widest range of chemicals
laminates
sustainability means
meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
good features of a chemical hood include
movable front shield/sash, adjustable panels (baffles) at the back of the hood, AND an exhaust motor located outside the building
info in section 1: chemical product and company identification includes
name of chemical, CAS number, synonyms and other names used for the chemical, company name + emergency contact number
section 13 on disposable considerations is usually
not very specific
in intro chem labs, most emergencies involving fires or spills are not likely to be major events because
only small quantities of chemicals are used
main reasons orgo is a target for green chemistry
organic solvents are often flammable and toxic
main categories of GHS hazards
physical, health, environmental
most splash goggles do NOT
protect against UV radiation OR filter out most of the damaging visible light from lasers
the two categories of materials that require special engineering for chemical hoods
radioactive elements AND perchloric acid
bad agent for absorbing an organic solvent spill
sand
reasonable "turnover rate" in a chem lab is
six "room volumes" per hour
green approach to replacing organic solvents
solventless reactions, supercritical CO2, using water, NOT using the least expensive organic solvent
with proper turnover rate for room air
some of the air will be exchanging frequently enough, but some areas of the lab will not undergo adequate air mixing
greenest solvent
supercritical CO2
GHS
system for classifying and labelling hazardous chemicals so that all countries classify and label chemicals the same way, initially designed in 1992, adopted by the UN in 2003, allows participating countries to sell and buy chemicals across borders (bc all labeled safely and the same way)
If, during an emergency, you cannot find your lab partner outside, you should
tell an emergency responder that you believe someone may still be in the building
intro and advanced labs are the same in safety in that
the chance of spills/splashes are the same (students are not necessarily more skilled), similar levels of hazardous chemicals are used (need for protecting skin is maintained), lab experiments are not necessarily safer because they are not monitored at diff intensities
if the "make-up" that comes into the laboratory "smells like chemicals" this means that
the intake ducts (usually on the roof of the building) are located downwind of the exhaust hoods
face shields should be worn when
the level of risk to the face and neck is higher than normal
safety shields are used when
there is some higher probability of an explosion
heavy duty gloves are usually
thicker, longer, and provide poorer dexterity
learning to be safe in the lab is best accomplished by
thinking about the hazards and risks associated with experiments
the info in section 4 on first aid measures is mostly
useful for medically and non-medically trained persons
green options in an experiment
using catalysts (reduce energy consumption), reducing number of steps in a multi-step synthesis, maximizing yield, NOT running reaction on a smaller scale
an anemometer measures
velocity of airflow
section 8 on exposure controls and personal protective equipment is
written more for industrial vs research labs, often contains very general info that is not very helpful, AND contains exposure limits information
when pulling a fire alarm
you should also call 911 after exiting the building
which chemicals are hazardous?
ALL chemicals are hazardous
SDSs are required by
OSHA Hazard Communication Standard
GHS uses
MSDS-like documents, labels, 29 pictograms understood internationally
air that is exhausted from a chemical hood is
NOT recirculated into anywhere in the building
chemical that is a bad neutralizing agent for an acid spill
NaOH