Saunders Nutrition Practice Questions-Exam 2

A postoperative client has been placed on a clear liquid diet. The nurse should provide the client with which items that are allowed to be consumed on this diet?

1. Broth 2. Coffee 3. Gelatin Rationale: A clear liquid diet consists of foods that are relatively transparent to light and are clear and liquid at room and body temperature. These foods include items such as water, bouillon, clear broth, carbonated beverages, gelatin, hard candy, lemonade, ice pops, and regular or decaffeinated coffee or tea. The incorrect food items are items that are allowed on a full liquid diet.

Preparation to administer an intermittent feeding to a client who has a nasogastric feeding tube.

1. position client with head of bed elevated 30 to 45 degrees 2. verify the correct tube 3. aspirate all gastric contents 4. verify the residual volume is less than 400 ml 5. flush tube with 30 ml water 6. administer feeding.

The nurse is monitoring the nutritional status of a client receiving enteral nutrition. Which intervention should the nurse implement to determine the effectiveness of the tube feedings?

2. Obtain a daily weight.

The nurse is providing dietary instructions to a client about food items that are high in vitamin C. Which food item does the nurse recommend as being highest in vitamin C?

4. Cabbage Rationale: Cabbage, tomatoes, potatoes, and strawberries are some of the foods that are high in vitamin C. Milk contains vitamins A and D and some B vitamins. Eggs contain B vitamins. Liver contains vitamins B6 (pyridoxine), B9 (folic acid), and K.

A client has been on total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for 8 weeks at home. The health care provider prescribes that the TPN be weaned by 50 mL per hour per day until discontinued. The client asks the nurse why the TPN cannot just be stopped. The nurse explains that unless the TPN infusions are tapered gradually, the client is at risk for developing which complication?

4. Hypoglycemia

A nurse is helping a client design a weight-loss diet. to lose one pound of fat (3,500 calories) per week, how many calories should be decreased each day?

500

Which client will have an increased metabolic rate and require nutritional interventions?

A person with serious infection and fever

A middle-aged patient with a history of alcohol abuse is admitted with acute pancreatitis. This patient will most likely be deficient in which nutrients?

B VITAMINS Patients who regularly abuse alcohol may be deficient in many nutrients; however, they are commonly deficient in the B vitamins and folic acid. Vitamin A deficiency can be associated with night blindness in heavy drinkers; vitamin D deficiency leads to softening of the bones. Because some alcoholics are deficient in vitamins A, C, D, E, and K and the B vitamins, they experience delayed wound healing. In particular, because vitamin K, the vitamin needed for blood clotting, is commonly deficient in those who regularly abuse alcohol, those patients can have delayed clotting, resulting in excess bleeding. Deficiencies of other vitamins involved in brain function can cause severe neurological damage.

a nurse performing a nutritional assessment determines that BMI of a 5'11 (1.8 meters) male client who weights 81 kilograms is ?

BMI FORMULA

What are the 3 sources of energy?

CARBOHYDRATES, PROTEIN, AND LIPIDS

Which polysaccharide is stored in the liver?

Glycogen

The nurse provides dietary instructions to a client at risk for hypokalemia about which foods are high in potassium and should be included in the daily diet. The nurse should tell the client that which fruit is highest in potassium?

Rationale: Foods that are high in potassium include bananas, cantaloupe, kiwi, and oranges. Fruits low in potassium include apples, cherries, grapefruit, peaches, pineapple, and cranberries.

The nurse is caring for a pregnant client who is iron deficient. What groups are vulnerable to this condition?

Rationale: High-risk groups for iron deficiency anemia include adolescent girls and women in their childbearing years who consume poor diets, people who are food insecure, alcoholics, vegetarians, and older people who consume poor diets. People with diabetes and hemochromatosis are not in this high-risk group.

The nurse is instructing a client with hypertension on the importance of choosing foods low in sodium. The nurse should teach the client to limit intake of which food?

Rationale: Smoked foods are high in sodium, which is noted in the correct option. The remaining options are fruits and vegetables, which are low in sodium.

The nurse instructs a client about a low-fat diet. Which menu selection indicates that the client understands the nurse's instructions?

Turkey breast, boiled rice, and fruit

For which of the following clients should the nurse anticipate the need for a pureed diet.

clients who have significant problems swallowing

A nurse is caring for a client with history of cardica disease. which of the following fats should the nurse allow in the client's diet for his condition?

unsaturated fats. Unsaturated fats is a healthier form of fat than saturated fats, because it containd less hydrogen, and therefore can be included in the client's diet. saturated fats are found in animal source, are responsible for cardiac and vascular disease

A patient who underwent surgery 24 hours ago is prescribed a clear liquid diet. The patient asks for something to drink. Which item may the nurse provide for the patient? a) Tea with milk b) Orange juice c) Gelatin d) Skim milk

GELATIN A clear liquid diet consists of water; tea (without dairy); coffee; broth; clear juices, such as apple, grape, or cranberry; popsicles; carbonated beverages; and gelatin. Skim milk, tea with milk, and orange juice are included in a full liquid diet.

what is the route of administration for TNP?

Intravenous

The nurse is assessing the skin of a client with a history of malabsorption deficiency and discovers brittle nails. What type of nutritional deficiency should the nurse suspect based on this observation?

Iron deficiency. Rationale: Brittle nails result from an iron deficiency. Protein deficiency leads to hair thinning and loss. Fatty acid deficiency can result in dermatitis, and vitamin K deficiency results in bruising.

A patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus is admitted with hyperglycemia and associated acidosis. The presence of which alternative fuel in the body is responsible for the acidosis?

Ketones

Which laboratory test result most accurately reflects a patient's nutritional status? a) Albumin b) Prealbumin c) Transferrin d) Hemoglobin

PREALBUMIN Prealbumin levels fluctuate daily and give the best indication of the patient's immediate nutritional status. Albumin level is not as accurate because the half-life of albumin is 18 to 21 days, causing a delay in detection of nutritional problems. Transferrin, a protein that binds to iron, has a half-life of 8 to 9 days; therefore, it allows for faster detection of protein deficiency than does albumin. However, transferrin is not as fast as prealbumin. Hemoglobin level reflects iron intake or blood loss.

A group of pediatric nurses accepts an international assignment in an underdeveloped country. The nurses are informed that they will be caring for many children with kwashiorkor. The nurses will create a care plan focusing on which primary nutrient for these children? a) Calories b) Protein c) Lipids d) Glucose

PROTEIN Malnutrition is most common in underdeveloped nations and among children, older adults, and people with chronic illness such as cancer, HIV, and COPD. Malnutrition caused by deficiency of protein in a diet that is primarily starches is called kwashiorkor. When protein sources in food are scarce and overall caloric intake is low, marasmus occurs, particularly in young children. Kwashiorkor is not a disease of low calorie, lipid, or glucose intake.

The school nurse is providing a nutritional counseling session to a group of adolescents. The school nurse should instruct the adolescents that which item is a good source of vitamin C?

Potatoes, especially sweet potatoes, would provide the highest amount of vitamin C. Eggs are high in vitamin B complex. Milk is high in vitamin D. Green leafy vegetables are high in vitamin A.

The nurse is providing dietary instructions to a client about food items that are high in niacin. Which food item should the nurse recommend as highest in niacin?

Poultry, eggs, meats, and dairy products are high in niacin. Tomatoes, potatoes, and strawberries are high in ascorbic acid (vitamin C).

Which nutrient deficiency increases the risk for pressure ulcers?

Protein

what infromation do anthropometric measurements provide in adults?

indirect measure of protein and fat store

Water intake average

water intake 2,000 to 25000 ml/day for adults.