Saunders Urinary and Renal

A client is scheduled for intravenous pyelography (IVP). Which priority nursing action would the nurse take?

Determine if there is a history of allergies.

A client has an arteriovenous (AV) shunt in place for hemodialysis. The nurse would take which priority precaution knowing that bleeding is a potential complication?

Ensure that small clamps are attached to the AV shunt dressing. Submit

A client with a neurological impairment experiences urinary incontinence. Which nursing action would help the client adapt to this alteration?

Establishing a toileting schedule

The nurse is admitting a client with chronic kidney disease (CKD) to the nursing unit. The nurse monitors the client for which frequent cardiovascular sign that occurs in CKD?

HTN

A client with new-onset renal failure is having a first hemodialysis treatment. The nurse is especially careful to monitor the client for which signs/symptoms after the dialysis treatment?

Headache, decreasing level of consciousness, and seizures

The nurse is providing dietary instructions to a client with renal calculi, and the laboratory analysis has revealed that the calculus is composed of uric acid. The nurse tells the client that it would be helpful to make which dietary changes?

Increase intake of legumes in the diet.

The nurse is urging a client to cough and deep breathe after a nephrectomy. The client tells the nurse, "That's easy for you to say! You don't have to do this." The nurse interprets that the client's statement is likely a result of which contributing factor?

Pain that is intensified because the location of the incision is near the diaphragm

The nurse is admitting a client to the nursing unit who has returned from the postanesthesia care unit following prostatectomy. The client has a three-way Foley catheter with continuous bladder irrigation. The nurse would maintain the flow rate of the continuous bladder infusion to maintain which urine output characteristic?

Pale yellow or slightly pink

A hemodialysis client with a left arm fistula is at risk for arterial steal syndrome. The nurse monitors this client for which signs/symptoms of this disorder?

Pallor, diminished pulse, and pain in the left hand

The nurse prepares to administer sodium polystyrene sulfonate to a client with chronic kidney disease for which laboratory abnormality?

Potassium level of 7.2 mEq/L

A client with acute kidney injury (AKI) has been treated with sodium polystyrene sulfonate by mouth. The nurse evaluates this therapy as effective if which value is noted on follow-up laboratory testing?

Potassium, 4.9 mEq/L

A client with acute glomerulonephritis is admitted to the nursing unit. The nurse would plan to do which action immediately upon admission?

Remove the water pitcher from the bedside.

A client with prostatitis resulting from kidney infection has received instructions on management of the condition at home and prevention of recurrence. Which statement indicates that the client understood the instructions?

Use warm sitz baths and analgesics to increase comfort.

The nurse is assisting a client with cystitis to select foods that are appropriate for an acid-ash diet. The nurse encourages the client to eat which food?

cheese

A client's kidneys are retaining larger than normal amounts of sodium. The nurse is reviewing the most recent laboratory data. The nurse would expect which laboratory value to be abnormal since the client is retaining sodium?

chloride 112 mEq/L

The nurse is monitoring an older client suspected of having a urinary tract infection (UTI) for signs of infection. Which sign/symptom is likely to present first?

confusion

A client has been diagnosed with pyelonephritis. The nurse interprets that which health problem has placed the client at risk for this disorder?

diabetes mellitus

The nurse is assisting a client who is new to a low-potassium diet to select food items from the menu. Which food item is lowest in potassium and would be recommended to the client on this dietary restriction?

lima beans

The nurse is reinforcing dietary instructions to a client diagnosed with acute glomerulonephritis. The nurse determines that the client understands the information presented if the client states the intention to do which action?

limit protein intake

A client is admitted to the emergency department following a fall from a horse. The primary health care provider (PHCP) prescribes the insertion of an indwelling urinary catheter. The nurse notes blood at the urinary meatus while preparing for the procedure. Which action would the nurse take?

notify the PCP

A client hospitalized with urolithiasis has a sudden significant decrease in urine output. The nurse would perform which action?

notify the registered nurse

A male client is diagnosed with urethritis caused by chlamydial infection. The assistive personnel (AP) assigned to the client asks the nurse what measures are necessary to prevent a contraction of the infection during care. Which instruction would the nurse give the AP?

standard precautions are sufficient because the infection is transmitted sexually

The use of peritoneal dialysis for the treatment of chronic kidney disease would be contraindicated for which client?

the client with severe emphysema

The nurse provides home care instructions to a client undergoing hemodialysis with regard to care of an arteriovenous (AV) fistula. Which statement by the client indicates an understanding of the instructions?

"I should check the fistula every day by feeling it for a vibration."

The nurse is talking with a client who has an arteriovenous fistula in the left arm. What statement by the client indicates a need for further teaching?

"I sleep on my left side with my arm tucked under my pillow."

A client has received instructions on self-management of peritoneal dialysis. The nurse determines that the client needs further teaching if the client makes which statement?

"I will use a strong adhesive tape to anchor the catheter dressing."

The client is prescribed trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for a recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI). The nurse would reinforce which most appropriate instructions to the client regarding this medication?

"Take each dose with 8 ounces of water, and drink extra water each day."

A client with acute pyelonephritis is scheduled for a voiding cystourethrogram. After the nurse provides information about this procedure, the client states, "I can't urinate in front of other people. I have a 'bashful' kidney." What is the nurse's best response?

"You will be screened and given as much privacy as possible."

A client who has calcium phosphate kidney stones tells the nurse, "Tell me what I can do so that I never have this pain again." Which instructions would the nurse plan to include in the reinforcement of dietary instructions? Select all that apply.

- Decrease sodium intake. - Limit the intake of whole grains - Limit protein to 5 to 7 servings per week

The nurse is speaking with a client who underwent a minimally invasive procedure treatment for recurrent urolithiasis. Which instructions are appropriate to reinforce in the teaching plan? Select all that apply.

- Drink at least 3000 mL of fluid each day - Complete the full course of prescribed antibiotics - Filter urine and collect any stones to take to the urological primary health care provider.

The nurse suspects the client has a urinary tract infection (UTI). Which signs/symptoms suggest a UTI? Select all that apply.

- Dysuria - Hematuria - Frequency - Flank pain - Cloudy urine

The nurse is discharging a postoperative female client who had a urinary tract infection (UTI) after surgery. Which essential issues about UTIs would the nurse reinforce in the discharge instructions? Select all that apply.

- Maintain adequate fluid intake of 2 quarts - Avoid vaginal douches and/or harsh soaps, bubble baths, powders, and sprays in the perineal area - Take all discharge medication as prescribed including antibiotics, and notify your primary health care provider if symptoms or signs of a UTI reappear - Use good hygiene including cleaning the perineum by separating the labia, cleaning with warm soapy water after a bowel movement, and wiping from front to back after urinating

The nurse is caring for a client who received a recent kidney transplant. Besides actual rejection of the transplant, which are some of the most important complications this client is at risk for? Select all that apply.

- Malignancies - cardiovascular disease - susceptibility to infection - corticosteroid- related complications

A client with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) undergoes a surgical procedure to create an arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis in the upper extremity. The nurse would take which actions when the client returns from surgery? Select all that apply.

- Monitor pain and administer analgesics. - Monitor bleeding and swelling at the site. - Check for audible bruit and palpable thrill at the fistula site.

A client is seen in the health care clinic, and acute pyelonephritis is suspected. The nurse reviews the client's record and would expect to note which associated signs and symptoms documented? Select all that apply.

- chills - general weakness - nausea and vomiting

A client, who had experienced significant blood loss in an automobile crash, was admitted to the hospital 2 days earlier. The nurse observes the client for which signs/symptoms that indicate acute kidney injury (AKI)? Select all that apply.

- elevated urine specific gravity - rising BUN and creatinine levels - UOP averaging 25ml/hr while receiving IV infusions at 150mL/hr

A long-term care nurse notes that an older client who is normally alert has become progressively confused and irritable. What diagnostic tests would the nurse anticipate the primary health care provider to prescribe? Select all that apply.

- urinalysis -CBC

An alkaline-ash diet is prescribed for a client with renal calculi. Which diet menu does the nurse advise the client to select?

A spinach salad, milk, and a banana

A client who suffered a crush injury to the leg has a highly positive urine myoglobin level. The nurse plans to monitor this particular client carefully for signs of which complication?

Acute tubular necrosis

A client with chronic kidney disease has been on dialysis for 3 years. The client is receiving the usual combination of medications for the disease, including aluminum hydroxide as a phosphate-binding agent. The client now has mental cloudiness, dementia, and complaints of bone pain. Which does this data indicate?

Aluminum intoxication

A client has just undergone renal biopsy. In planning care for this client, the nurse would avoid which intervention?

Ambulate in the room and hall for short distances

The nurse must ambulate a client who has a nephrostomy tube attached to a drainage bag. The nurse plans to do this most safely by performing which action?

Changing the drainage bag to a leg collection bag

A female client has a prescription for a clean-catch urine culture. After providing a sterile specimen cup to the client, the nurse would give which instruction so that the specimen is collected properly?

Cleanse the labia using cleansing towels, begin to void into the toilet, and then collect the specimen. Submit

The nurse caring for a client with chronic kidney disease on a medical-surgical unit that requires hemodialysis but is not tolerating it. What other treatment consideration could be used that would be effective for this client?

Continuous renal replacement therapy may be better tolerated

A client with benign prostatic hyperplasia is being administered finasteride. Which information would be included in the plan of care?

A pregnant caregiver should not be exposed to the crushed tablets of finasteride.

A male client has a tentative diagnosis of urethritis. The nurse would assess the client for which manifestation of the disorder?

Dysuria and penile discharge

The nurse is caring for a client with epididymitis. The nurse anticipates noting which group of findings on data collection?

Fever, nausea and vomiting, and painful scrotal edema

The nurse caring for a client taking tamsulosin determines that which finding indicates the need for follow-up

HR of 120 BPM

The nurse has reinforced instructions to the client with a cystocele about Kegel exercises. The nurse determines that the client has not fully understood the directions if the client makes which statement?

"Begin voiding and then stop the stream, holding residual urine for an hour."

Which statements indicate an understanding of the necessary dietary modifications of a client diagnosed with chronic kidney disease? Select all that apply.

- "I should avoid eggs; a bagel is preferable." - "I should consume approximately 40 g of protein daily."

After having a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), a client has a continuous bladder irrigation (CBI) postoperatively. The nurse notes that fluid is entering the bladder, but none appears to be draining. Select the appropriate nursing interventions. Select all that apply.

- Check the bladder for distention - Review intake and output record - Check to ensure drainage tubing is not kinked - Ask the client about bladder spasms and discomfort.

A client is to be monitored for residual urine every 8 hours. Which are appropriate nursing actions for the nurse to complete this task? Select all that apply.

- Have the client void and then perform the bladder scan - If residual urine is less than 100 mL, continue to monitor.

The nurse is reviewing the laboratory results and physical examination of a client with acute glomerulonephritis. Which data would the nurse see? Select all that apply.

- Hematuria - Proteinuria - Periorbital edema6

Which actions are included in the nursing care of the client undergoing peritoneal dialysis? Select all that apply.

- Monitor vital signs including temperature. -Weigh the client before and after dialysis. -Check color and volume of dialysate solution. -Maintain aseptic technique when accessing the peritoneal catheter.

A client with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) begins peritoneal dialysis. The nurse observes for which signs/symptoms indicating peritonitis? Select all that apply.

- Nausea and vomiting - Abdominal tenderness - cloudy peritoneal effluent - oral temp of 38C

Which observations by the nurse caring for clients in a hospital medical-surgical unit would be immediately reported to the primary health care provider? Select all that apply.

- New confused mental state and pulse rate of 106 beats per minute in a 72-year-old client - A volume of 105 mL of urine over 4 hours in the collection bag of a 1-day postoperative client Submit

A client contacts the primary health care provider's office to report she is not feeling well, has burning with urination, and suspects she may have a urinary tract infection. The nurse instructs the client to collect a urine specimen for testing. Which urinalysis findings indicate the presence of a urinary tract infection? Select all that apply.

- Nitrites, present - WBC, 10 - leukocyte esterase, present

The nurse is assessing a client's arteriovenous fistula being used for hemodialysis. Which findings would prompt the nurse to notify the primary health care provider immediately? Select all that apply.

- No thrill palpated at fistula site - No bruit auscultated at the fistula site - Absent pulse distal to the arteriovenous fistula

A client has been diagnosed with functional incontinence. Which interventions are most appropriate to care for this type of incontinence? Select all that apply.

- Schedule toileting every 2 hours - Modify clothing for easy removal. - Assess environment for obstacles - Set up schedule of cues such as mealtimes, awakening, and bedtime.

A client, on the waiting list for a renal transplant, receives a hemodialysis treatment. Which findings indicate to the nurse that the hemodialysis treatment has been effective? Select all that apply.

- Serum potassium level is within the normal range. - The client's weight is 2 kilograms less than predialysis weight - Serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels are lower than predialysis.

A client tells the nurse she completed an educational program to manage her stress incontinence but is now discouraged. Which information from the client indicates the need for further teaching? Select all that apply.

- She performs the Kegel exercises every other day - She quit drinking coffee with cream but drinks diet cola - She has begun an exercise program that includes lifting weights.

The client has a three-way closed continuous bladder irrigation system. Which information would be included in the documentation for this client? Select all that apply.

- character of drainage - Presence of blood clots - Amount of drainage emptied - Client complaint of pain/spasms -Type and amount of irrigation fluid used

The nurse monitoring a client receiving peritoneal dialysis notes that the client's outflow is less than the inflow. The nurse would take which actions? Select all that apply.

- check the level of the drainage bag - reposition the client to his or her side -place the client in good body alignment - check the peritoneal dialysis system for kinks

The nurse is reviewing the history and physical examination on a client diagnosed with polycystic kidney disease. Which data would the nurse expect to see? Select all that apply.

- hematuria - flank or lumbar pain - hx of UTIs

The nurse is reviewing data on a client with sepsis and acute kidney injury with related azotemia and oliguria. Which are the primary features of azotemia and oliguria? Select all that apply.

- increase in serum creatinine - increase in BUN - UOP <0.5ml/kg/hr

Which factors contribute to the problem of stress incontinence? Select all that apply.

- obesity - sneezing

A client who underwent kidney transplant 6 months earlier is seen in the clinic for a routine monthly appointment. The nurse reviews how the client has been doing and observes for signs/symptoms of acute rejection. Which signs/symptoms suggest acute rejection of the transplanted kidney? Select all that apply.

- oliguria - elevation of blood pressure over baseline - Abdominal tenderness on the side of the kidney transplant - Elevation of serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine

The nurse is caring for a hemodialysis client who has been receiving treatment for several years and is not a candidate for kidney transplant. The nurse knows that the majority of deaths of hemodialysis clients are related to which causes? Select all that apply.

- stroke - infectious complications - myocardial infarction

The nurse is caring for a hospitalized client following cystoscopy. Which discharge instructions are given to the client? Select all that apply.

- use antispasmodics for pain - take a sitz bath for voiding discomfort - report severe pain to HCP

the nurse is reinforcing instructions to a client about the types of fluids that assist in prevention and treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs). The nurse instructs the client to consume which fluids? Select all that apply.

-prune juice - apple juice - cranberry juice

The use of peritoneal dialysis for the treatment of chronic kidney disease would be contraindicated for which client?

The client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

The nurse is caring for a client with kidney failure. The serum phosphate level is reported as 7 mg/dL. Which medication would the nurse plan to administer as prescribed to the client?

aluminum hydroxide gel

A client diagnosed with chronic kidney disease is being treated at home with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. The client notes that there is a decrease in the catheter outflow following the prescribed 6-hour dwell time and calls the nurse to report this occurrence. The nurse would reinforce instructing the client to take which action?

ambulate in the home

A client with a history of prostatic hypertrophy has purchased the over-the-counter medication, diphenhydramine, to treat symptoms of a runny nose. The nurse explains to the client that this medication combined with prostatic hypertrophy could cause exacerbation of which symptom?

urinary retention

Which is an appropriate question to ask to determine the specific type of incontinence?

"Have you been experiencing any urgency accompanied by dribbling or leaking urine?"

A client who is performing peritoneal dialysis at home calls the clinic and reports that the outflow from the dialysis catheter seems to be decreasing in amount. The nurse appropriately asks which question first?

"Have you experienced any constipation recently?"

The nurse is told by an older woman that she has begun to be incontinent of urine at night and now drinks no fluids after 6.00 pm. Which is the nurse's best response?

"Incontinence at any age should be evaluated by your primary health care provider."

A client with acute kidney injury secondary to heart failure develops fluid volume excess. Which signs and symptoms would the nurse expect to see? Select all that apply.

- weight gain - decreased hct - distended jugular veins - decreased specific gravity with high volume

The nurse is caring for a client who had a renal biopsy. Which interventions would the nurse include in the plan of care for the client after this procedure? Select all that apply.

-Administering pain medication as prescribed -Monitoring vital signs and the puncture site frequently -Testing serial urine samples with dipsticks for occult blood

The nurse is reviewing the client's record and notes that the primary health care provider (PHCP) has documented that the client has a renal disorder. Which laboratory results would indicate a decrease in renal function? Select all that apply.

-elevated serum creatinine level -decreased RBCs -Elevated BUN level

A male client has a history of urinary tract infections due to urinary retention. Which intervention would the nurse implement to decrease the risk of infection?

Assist the client to stand for voiding.

A client is admitted to the surgical nursing unit following transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) for benign prostatic hypertrophy. The client has a bladder irrigation infusing, and output is light cherry colored. The blood pressure is 134/82 mm Hg, the pulse is 84 beats per minute, and the client is afebrile with a respiratory rate of 18 breaths per minute. The licensed practical nurse (LPN) assisting in caring for the client collects assessment data 1 hour after admission to the nursing unit. The LPN notifies the registered nurse (RN) if which is noted on data collection?

Blood pressure of 102/50 mm Hg, pulse 110 beats per minute Submit

The nurse is collecting data from a client who has had benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in the past. To determine whether the client is currently experiencing exacerbation of BPH, the nurse would ask the client about the presence of which early symptom?

Decreased force in the stream of urine

A male client has a tentative diagnosis of urethritis. The nurse collects data from the client knowing that which are signs/symptoms of this disorder?

Dysuria and penile discharge

A client newly diagnosed with chronic kidney disease will be receiving peritoneal dialysis. During the infusion of the dialysate, the client complains of abdominal pain. Which action by the nurse is appropriate?

Explain that the pain will subside after the first few exchanges.

The nurse is caring for a client who has been diagnosed as having a kidney mass. The client asks the nurse the reason for a renal biopsy when other tests such as computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound are available. In formulating a response, the nurse incorporates the knowledge that a renal biopsy serves which purpose?

Gives specific cytological information about the lesion

A client in renal failure is receiving epoetin alfa. The nurse would monitor the client for which adverse effect of this medication?

HTN

A client has undergone a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) a few hours ago to treat symptoms of benign prostatic hypertrophy. The nurse notes bright red blood and clots in the urinary catheter drainage bag. Which response would be the nurse's initial action?

Increase the flow rate of the continuous bladder irrigation.

The nurse is caring for a client undergoing peritoneal dialysis. The nurse checks the client and notes that the drainage from the outflow catheter is cloudy. The nurse notifies the registered nurse and plans to take which action?

Obtain a culture and sensitivity of the drainage

The nurse is caring for a client with epididymitis. Which treatment modalities would be implemented? Select all that apply.

bed rest sitz bath ABXs Scrotal elevation

After a renal biopsy, the client complains of pain at the biopsy site that radiates to the front of the abdomen. Which would this indicate?

bleeding

A client arrives at the ambulatory care clinic with low abdominal pain. A routine urine specimen reveals hematuria. The client does not have a fever. The nurse would next ask the client about a history of which condition?

blow or trauma to the bladder of abdomen

A client with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) undergoes a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and is receiving continuous bladder irrigations postoperatively. Which are the signs/symptoms of transurethral resection (TUR) syndrome?

bradycardia and confusion

A client with chronic kidney disease is receiving ferrous sulfate. The nurse would monitor the client for which common side effect associated with this medication?

constipation

A client has epididymitis as a complication of a urinary tract infection (UTI). The nurse is giving the client instructions to prevent recurrence. The nurse determines that the client needs further teaching if the client states the intention to do which action?

continue to take antibiotics until all symptoms are gone

A client who has a cold is seen in the emergency department with an inability to void. Because the client has a history of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), the nurse questions the client about use of which medication?

decongestants

The nurse notes that a client's urinalysis report contains a notation of positive red blood cells (RBCs). The nurse interprets that this finding is unrelated to which information in the client's medical record?

diabetes mellitus

Propantheline bromide is prescribed for a client with bladder spasms. Which disorder, noted in the client's record, alerts the nurse to question the prescription for this medication?

glaucoma

A client with chronic kidney disease is receiving epoetin alfa. Which laboratory result would indicate a therapeutic effect of the medication?

hematocrit of 33%

The nurse is assigned to care for a client who has returned to the nursing unit following a left nephrectomy. The nurse places the highest priority on monitoring which data?

hourly urine output

Which condition places the client at risk for developing acute postrenal failure?

hydronephrosis

A client with diabetes mellitus is receiving peritoneal dialysis. The nurse would ensure maintenance of the dwell time for the dialysis at the prescribed time because of risk for which complication?

hyperglycemia

The client with diabetes mellitus receiving peritoneal dialysis asks the nurse why it is important to leave the dialysate infused only for a specific amount of time. The nurse responds that not adhering to the dwell time can increase the risk of the client experiencing which complication?

hyperglycemia

The nurse is instructing a client with diabetes mellitus about peritoneal dialysis. The nurse tells the client that it is important to maintain the prescribed dwell time for the dialysis because of the risk of which complication?

hyperglycemia

A client with chronic kidney disease who is scheduled for hemodialysis this morning is due to receive a daily dose of enalapril. When would the nurse plan to administer this medication?

on return from dialysis

The nurse is reinforcing instructions to a client with renal calculi about how to change the urine pH to be more acidic. The nurse determines that the client needs further teaching if the client states which type of drink is acceptable?

orange juice

The nurse is assessing the patency of an arteriovenous fistula in the left arm of a client who is receiving hemodialysis for the treatment of chronic kidney disease. Which finding indicates that the fistula is patent?

palpation of a thrill over the fistula

A client who had a prostatectomy has learned perineal exercises to gain control of the urinary sphincter. The nurse determines that the client needs further teaching if the client states that he will perform which action as part of these exercises?

perform the valsalva maneuver

The nurse is assisting in planning a diet for a client with acute kidney injury (AKI). The nurse plans to restrict which dietary component from this client's diet?

potassium

A client is diagnosed with polycystic kidney disease, and the nurse provides information to the client about the treatment plan. The nurse determines that the client needs further teaching if the client states that which component is part of the treatment plan?

sodium restriction

A client is seen in the clinic for complaints of thirst, frequent urination, and headaches. Following diagnostic studies, diabetes insipidus is diagnosed. Desmopressin acetate is prescribed for the client. What would the nurse explain to the client as the purpose of the medication?

to increase water reabsorption

The nurse is assigned to care for a client who has just returned to the nursing unit after having hemodialysis for the first time. The nurse monitors the client carefully for which signs and symptoms of disequilibrium syndrome?

vomiting and headache

A urinary analgesic is prescribed for a client with a urinary tract infection. When would the nurse tell the client that it is best to take the medication?

with meals

Aluminum hydroxide is prescribed for the client with chronic kidney disease (CKD). When would the nurse instruct the client to take this medication?

with meals

The nurse is assessing a client with suspected acute kidney injury. Which finding would support a diagnosis of acute intrarenal failure?

urine analysis positive for casts and cellular debris

Nalidixic acid is prescribed for a client diagnosed with a urinary tract infection. Reviewing the client's record, the nurse notes that the client is prescribed warfarin on a daily basis. Which prescription would the nurse anticipate because the client is taking this oral anticoagulant?

A reduction in the anticoagulation dosage

the nurse has a prescription to collect a 24-hour urine specimen from a client. The assistive personnel (AP) has been instructed on the collection technique. Which action by the AP demonstrates the AP needs further teaching?

Asks the client to void, save the specimen, and note the start time

The nurse is preparing a subcutaneous dose of bethanechol chloride prescribed for a client with urinary retention. Before giving the dose, the nurse checks to see that which medication is available on the emergency cart?

Atropine sulfate

The client who has a cold is seen in the emergency department with an inability to void. Because the client has a history of benign prostatic hyperplasia, the nurse determines that the client would be questioned about the use of which class of medications?

decongestants

the nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client with a diagnosis of pyelonephritis. Which disorder noted on the client's record would the nurse identify as a risk factor for this diagnosis?

diabetes melliutus