SB Chapter 1
Which of the following are manufactured by microbial fermentation?
1. yogurt 2. cheese 3. beer
The three domains of living organisms
Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
What causes foot and mouth disease?
Cattle
Why do microorganisms serve as important models for study of higher organisms?
Microorganisms have the same fundamental metabolic and genetic properties as other organisms.
Prions are ________ that cause a number of diseases in ____________
Prions are infectious proteins that cause a number of diseases in animals.
What is the only shared feature of all microbes?
Small size
Although laboratory stocks of the causative agent still exist, humans have eliminated which of the following diseases?
Smallpox
Facts about smallpox
Smallpox was carried to the americas by europeans. smallpox killed about one third of those infected. smallpox has been eliminated from nature. smallpox is a viral disease
In 1749, John Needham produced results that _______ spontaneous generation when he showed that broths that had been boiled and then sealed with a cork _______.
Support spontaneous generation; the broths developed microorganisms
pathogen
any disease causing microorganism
algae
large group of photosynthetic eukaryotes that includes the multicellular seaweeds and many single-celled forms.
Describe the cultivation of microorganisms in the laboratory
less than 1% of microorganisms can be cultivated
Polio has
nearly been eliminated because of vaccination
What causes african swine fever
pigs
The dividing bacterial cells can stick to each other. They can form characteristic arrangements such as pairs, chains, or clusters, depending on the
plane of division
Archaea, like bacteria, are ______ that divide via the process of ________
prokaryotes; binary fission
Algae and protozoa are also referred to as
protists
Without microorganisms, substances required for human life such as O2 and organic nitrogen would
run out
Bioremediation
the use of microorganisms to hasten the degradation of harmful chemicals
Cervical cancer caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV) can be prevented by a(n)
vaccine
Protozoa are
unicellular eukaryotes that lack a rigid cell wall
Where are algae most likely to be found?
-moist terrestrial habitats -surface of oceans, lakes and streams
Eukaryotes
1. Helminths 2. fungi 3. algae 4. protozoa
Which of the following can cause an infectious disease to reemerge?
1. antimicrobial resistant pathogens 2. parents refusing to vaccinate their children
What killed more people in 1918-1919 than died in WWI, WWII, and the Korean, Vietnam, and Iraq wars combined?
Influenza
______ showed that flasks containing various broths gave rise to microorganisms even when the flasks were boiled and sealed with a cork
John Needham
Microscopic fungi that are single-celled are called_________ and those that are multicellular and filamentous are termed
Yeasts are single celled; molds are multicellular
Tyndall and Cohn's experiments in the 1870s showed the presence of a heat-resistant form of bacteria called a(n)
endospore
what causes chytridiomycosis?
frogs
In what ways are archaea similar to bacteria?
1. prokaryotic cell structure 2. energy sources used 3. method of multiplication 4. shapes and sizes
Characteristics of protozoans
1. single celled eukaryotes 2. ingest organic materials as food sources
Facts about viruses
1. viruses consist of nucleic acid and protein 2. viruses are acellular 3. viruses are nonliving
Emerging infectious diseases
diseases whose incidence has rapidly increased in the last several decades
Spongiform encephalopathies are caused by
infectious proteins known as prions
Viruses are
obligate intracellular agents
Normal microbiota
organisms that populate the human body and protect it from disease