SB Chapter 1

Which of the following are manufactured by microbial fermentation?

1. yogurt 2. cheese 3. beer

The three domains of living organisms

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

What causes foot and mouth disease?

Cattle

Why do microorganisms serve as important models for study of higher organisms?

Microorganisms have the same fundamental metabolic and genetic properties as other organisms.

Prions are ________ that cause a number of diseases in ____________

Prions are infectious proteins that cause a number of diseases in animals.

What is the only shared feature of all microbes?

Small size

Although laboratory stocks of the causative agent still exist, humans have eliminated which of the following diseases?

Smallpox

Facts about smallpox

Smallpox was carried to the americas by europeans. smallpox killed about one third of those infected. smallpox has been eliminated from nature. smallpox is a viral disease

In 1749, John Needham produced results that _______ spontaneous generation when he showed that broths that had been boiled and then sealed with a cork _______.

Support spontaneous generation; the broths developed microorganisms

pathogen

any disease causing microorganism

algae

large group of photosynthetic eukaryotes that includes the multicellular seaweeds and many single-celled forms.

Describe the cultivation of microorganisms in the laboratory

less than 1% of microorganisms can be cultivated

Polio has

nearly been eliminated because of vaccination

What causes african swine fever

pigs

The dividing bacterial cells can stick to each other. They can form characteristic arrangements such as pairs, chains, or clusters, depending on the

plane of division

Archaea, like bacteria, are ______ that divide via the process of ________

prokaryotes; binary fission

Algae and protozoa are also referred to as

protists

Without microorganisms, substances required for human life such as O2 and organic nitrogen would

run out

Bioremediation

the use of microorganisms to hasten the degradation of harmful chemicals

Cervical cancer caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV) can be prevented by a(n)

vaccine

Protozoa are

unicellular eukaryotes that lack a rigid cell wall

Where are algae most likely to be found?

-moist terrestrial habitats -surface of oceans, lakes and streams

Eukaryotes

1. Helminths 2. fungi 3. algae 4. protozoa

Which of the following can cause an infectious disease to reemerge?

1. antimicrobial resistant pathogens 2. parents refusing to vaccinate their children

What killed more people in 1918-1919 than died in WWI, WWII, and the Korean, Vietnam, and Iraq wars combined?

Influenza

______ showed that flasks containing various broths gave rise to microorganisms even when the flasks were boiled and sealed with a cork

John Needham

Microscopic fungi that are single-celled are called_________ and those that are multicellular and filamentous are termed

Yeasts are single celled; molds are multicellular

Tyndall and Cohn's experiments in the 1870s showed the presence of a heat-resistant form of bacteria called a(n)

endospore

what causes chytridiomycosis?

frogs

In what ways are archaea similar to bacteria?

1. prokaryotic cell structure 2. energy sources used 3. method of multiplication 4. shapes and sizes

Characteristics of protozoans

1. single celled eukaryotes 2. ingest organic materials as food sources

Facts about viruses

1. viruses consist of nucleic acid and protein 2. viruses are acellular 3. viruses are nonliving

Emerging infectious diseases

diseases whose incidence has rapidly increased in the last several decades

Spongiform encephalopathies are caused by

infectious proteins known as prions

Viruses are

obligate intracellular agents

Normal microbiota

organisms that populate the human body and protect it from disease