SB7A

During PCR, the process of _____ results when the Taq polymerase catalyzes the synthesis of complementary DNA, starting at the primers.

Blank 1: primer or primer extension Blank 2: extension or extensions

is used when PCR is employed to detect and quantify the amount of a specific RNA.

Blank 1: reverse or reverse transcriptase Blank 2: transcriptase

In PCR, the DNA to be amplified is called the ___ DNA.

Blank 1: template

How is the amount of DNA produced during real-time PCR measured?

By measuring the fluorescence emitted by the probe added to the PCR mixture

How can PCR amplify one segment of DNA from a complex mixture of potential template molecules?

Primers can be designed to flank a specific segment of DNA.

After ______ cycles of PCR, a DNA sequence may be amplified a million-fold.

about 20

In PCR, primer extension refers to the synthesis of ______ starting at the primers.

complementary DNA

Order the steps in one cycle of a PCR reaction, putting the first step at the top.

denaturing, primer annealing, primer extension

One typical PCR cycle lasts ______ minutes.

two to three

In PCR, the two primers bind to specific sites in the ___ and flank the gene to be amplified.

Blank 1: DNA

Taq polymerase was first isolated from a bacterium called

Blank 1: Thermus Blank 2: aquaticus

Why is Taq polymerase used in PCR?

The DNA polymerase must be thermostable as PCR involves cycles of heating.

Reverse transcriptase PCR can be used to ______.

detect and quantify the amount of a specific RNA.

A typical PCR run consists of between ______ cycles. Multiple choice question. 100 and 200

20 and 30

PCR allows one to assess the amount of DNA produced during a PCR amplification as it is happening.

Blank 1: Real Blank 2: Time

In PCR, each cycle uses the products of the previous cycle as templates. What do you call this?

A chain reaction

What type of apparatus does one need to quantify the DNA produced during real-time PCR?

A thermocycler that can detect fluorescence

Short oligonucleotides that flank the region of DNA to be amplified by PCR are called

Blank 1: primers or primer

What makes reverse transcriptase PCR so sensitive?

It can detect small amounts of RNA from one cell.

To perform many cycles of PCR, you need a machine that can change temperatures at exact times. What do you call this machine?

Thermocycler

What is the technique that allows one to determine the amount of template DNA present when the PCR cycles began?

Real-time PCR

True or false: Amplifying a gene by PCR results in many copies, just like cloning using a vector and host cell.

True

True or false: PCR can amplify one segment of DNA from a mixture.

True

If a gene is amplified by PCR so that there are many copies, it can be said to be ______.

cloned

Knowing the sequence of the DNA ______ the gene of interest allows scientists to design appropriate primers.

flanking

Primers are chosen for PCR based on ______.

knowing the DNA sequence flanking the gene of interest

In PCR, the temperature must be ______ from the denaturation temperature in order for primers to anneal.

lowered

In 1985, Kary Mullis developed a way to copy DNA without vectors or host cells. This technique is called

pcr

Primer annealing occurs when ______.

short oligonucleotides bind to complementary DNA flanking the gene of interest

In PCR, why do the primers bind to specific sites in the DNA on either side of the gene of interest?

They are complementary to the flanking sequences.