Science 1136
Hooke's law
Strain is proportional to stress provided the elastic limit is not exceeded.
element
contains atom of only one kind
The density of many substances is often compared to _______, which has a density of 1 gm/cm^3.
water
Who invented the barometer?
Evangelista Torricelli
The only absolute in the universe is ______.
God's character
heat and detergents
reduce surface tension in water
hydraulics
science of forces acting on liquids
meniscus
shape of the surface of a liquid
In the process of sublimation, ________.
solid changes to gas
fusion
solid changes to liquid
Four states of matter
solid, liquid, gas, plasma
Blaise Pascal proved that _____ and ____ are inversely related.
air pressure, altitude
Solids with no definite internal structure are called _______ solids.
amorphous
density
amount of mass per unit volume
What is an altimeter?
an aneroid barometer used to measure altitude
adhesion
attraction between two different kinds of substances
In the process of evaporation, a liquid changes to a gas without _________.
boiling
A solid has _____.
definite volume and definite shape
A liquid has _____.
definite volume but no definite shape
barometer
device that measures air pressure
The ability to be pulled into a wire is called _____.
ductility
surface tension
force producing relatively tough surface layer on liquids
friction
force that opposes motion
In the process of condensation, ____.
gas changes to liquid
Pressure of a liquid depends only on ______ and _____.
height, density
If two objects both made of _______ collided, they would separate after the collision with far less velocity.
lead
Kinetic energy would be best conserved by a collision between two spherical objects made of _______.
lead and copper
At the boiling temperature of a substance, _________.
liquid changes to gas
In the process of evaporation, ______.
liquid changes to gas
vaporization
liquid changes to gas
At the freezing temperature of a substance, ________.
liquid changes to solid
solidification
liquid changes to solid
The ability to be hammered or rolled into thin sheets is called _______.
malleability
What is plasma?
matter in which electrons are stripped from the nuclei
Meteorologists use a _____ to express air pressure.
millibar
A gas has _____.
neither definite volume or definite shape
3 most abundant gases in the air
nitrogen, oxygen, argon
Most of the matter in the universe is in the ______ state.
plasma
Force per unit area is called _____.
pressure
Two conditions that determine the density of a gas
pressure, temperature
viscosity
resistance of a fluid to flow
The ratio of the density of a substance to the density of water is called its _________.
specific gravity
The measure of deformation of a body by stress is called _______.
strain
Four most common types of stress
stretching, bending, compressing, twisting
3 properties of a gas that are related directly or indirectly
temperature, pressure, volume
What is elasticity?
the property which tends to return a solid to its original size and shape when a stress is removed
buoyancy
upward force a liquid exerts on an object
Bernoulli's principle
velocity and pressure within a moving fluid are inversely related
What is standard temperature and pressure?
0 degrees Celsius and 760 mm Hg
What is a compound?
A substance composed of two or more elements that are chemically combined in definite proportions
What is a mixture?
A substance that contains atoms of more than one kind that has been physically combined
Why are most substances less dense as liquids than as solids?
Because of the greater separation between molecules
_______ is the force that holds molecules together.
Cohesion
Capillary action
In narrow glass tubes, water rises, but mercury is depressed. Capillary action is the rise or depression of a liquid through narrow tubes.
The absolute temperature scale is called the ____.
Kelvin scale
Difference between laminar flow and turbulent flow.
Laminar flow occurs when a fluid flows smoothly around a body, but turbulent flow occurs when the flow is disturbed by vortices.
Robert Boyle wrote the book ___________.
The Sceptical Chemist
Gay-Lussac's law
The absolute temperature of a fixed mass of gas is directly proportional to the pressure, provided the volume is constant.
What happens when friction balances the force of gravity on a falling object?
The acceleration becomes zero and the body falls at a constant terminal velocity.
the principle of buoyancy
The lifting force on an object immersed in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.
Pascal's principle
The pressure applied to a fluid confined in a container is transmitted undiminished throughout the fluid and acts in all directions.
What is a molecule?
The smallest subdivision of a compound that can exist separately and still retain the chemical properties of that compound
How is an airplane able to fly?
The upper part of the wing travels further because of the arch in the wing, so it travels faster. The air pressure on top of the wing is less than the air pressure at the bottom of the wing, producing lift.
Boyle's law
The volume occupied by a fixed mass of gas is inversely proportional to the pressure, provided temperature kept constant.
Charles' law
The volume of a fixed mass of gas is directly proportional to its Kelvin temperature, provided the pressure is kept constant.