Science 1136

Hooke's law

Strain is proportional to stress provided the elastic limit is not exceeded.

element

contains atom of only one kind

The density of many substances is often compared to _______, which has a density of 1 gm/cm^3.

water

Who invented the barometer?

Evangelista Torricelli

The only absolute in the universe is ______.

God's character

heat and detergents

reduce surface tension in water

hydraulics

science of forces acting on liquids

meniscus

shape of the surface of a liquid

In the process of sublimation, ________.

solid changes to gas

fusion

solid changes to liquid

Four states of matter

solid, liquid, gas, plasma

Blaise Pascal proved that _____ and ____ are inversely related.

air pressure, altitude

Solids with no definite internal structure are called _______ solids.

amorphous

density

amount of mass per unit volume

What is an altimeter?

an aneroid barometer used to measure altitude

adhesion

attraction between two different kinds of substances

In the process of evaporation, a liquid changes to a gas without _________.

boiling

A solid has _____.

definite volume and definite shape

A liquid has _____.

definite volume but no definite shape

barometer

device that measures air pressure

The ability to be pulled into a wire is called _____.

ductility

surface tension

force producing relatively tough surface layer on liquids

friction

force that opposes motion

In the process of condensation, ____.

gas changes to liquid

Pressure of a liquid depends only on ______ and _____.

height, density

If two objects both made of _______ collided, they would separate after the collision with far less velocity.

lead

Kinetic energy would be best conserved by a collision between two spherical objects made of _______.

lead and copper

At the boiling temperature of a substance, _________.

liquid changes to gas

In the process of evaporation, ______.

liquid changes to gas

vaporization

liquid changes to gas

At the freezing temperature of a substance, ________.

liquid changes to solid

solidification

liquid changes to solid

The ability to be hammered or rolled into thin sheets is called _______.

malleability

What is plasma?

matter in which electrons are stripped from the nuclei

Meteorologists use a _____ to express air pressure.

millibar

A gas has _____.

neither definite volume or definite shape

3 most abundant gases in the air

nitrogen, oxygen, argon

Most of the matter in the universe is in the ______ state.

plasma

Force per unit area is called _____.

pressure

Two conditions that determine the density of a gas

pressure, temperature

viscosity

resistance of a fluid to flow

The ratio of the density of a substance to the density of water is called its _________.

specific gravity

The measure of deformation of a body by stress is called _______.

strain

Four most common types of stress

stretching, bending, compressing, twisting

3 properties of a gas that are related directly or indirectly

temperature, pressure, volume

What is elasticity?

the property which tends to return a solid to its original size and shape when a stress is removed

buoyancy

upward force a liquid exerts on an object

Bernoulli's principle

velocity and pressure within a moving fluid are inversely related

What is standard temperature and pressure?

0 degrees Celsius and 760 mm Hg

What is a compound?

A substance composed of two or more elements that are chemically combined in definite proportions

What is a mixture?

A substance that contains atoms of more than one kind that has been physically combined

Why are most substances less dense as liquids than as solids?

Because of the greater separation between molecules

_______ is the force that holds molecules together.

Cohesion

Capillary action

In narrow glass tubes, water rises, but mercury is depressed. Capillary action is the rise or depression of a liquid through narrow tubes.

The absolute temperature scale is called the ____.

Kelvin scale

Difference between laminar flow and turbulent flow.

Laminar flow occurs when a fluid flows smoothly around a body, but turbulent flow occurs when the flow is disturbed by vortices.

Robert Boyle wrote the book ___________.

The Sceptical Chemist

Gay-Lussac's law

The absolute temperature of a fixed mass of gas is directly proportional to the pressure, provided the volume is constant.

What happens when friction balances the force of gravity on a falling object?

The acceleration becomes zero and the body falls at a constant terminal velocity.

the principle of buoyancy

The lifting force on an object immersed in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.

Pascal's principle

The pressure applied to a fluid confined in a container is transmitted undiminished throughout the fluid and acts in all directions.

What is a molecule?

The smallest subdivision of a compound that can exist separately and still retain the chemical properties of that compound

How is an airplane able to fly?

The upper part of the wing travels further because of the arch in the wing, so it travels faster. The air pressure on top of the wing is less than the air pressure at the bottom of the wing, producing lift.

Boyle's law

The volume occupied by a fixed mass of gas is inversely proportional to the pressure, provided temperature kept constant.

Charles' law

The volume of a fixed mass of gas is directly proportional to its Kelvin temperature, provided the pressure is kept constant.